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松材线虫病(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)是全球公认的检疫性有害生物,是松树最大威胁,曾给亚洲和欧洲等部分国家或地区造成了毁灭性生态损害和显著经济损失[1-2]。目前,我国对松材线虫的防治手段主要有化学防治、物理防治、生物防治等,但仍以化学防治为主,如使用化学药剂久效磷、甲胺磷、阿维菌素等进行点滴注干。虽然该方法可以取得较好的防治效果,但长期使用,易对环境造成危害,而且易使线虫产生抗药性[3]。在国际上,还未见有对松材线虫进行直接大规模生物防治的实例,因此,对松材线虫开展生物防治还需要加快深入研究[4]。
伊氏杀线真菌(Esteya vermicola,EV)属于食线虫真菌,是松材线虫的内寄生真菌,它产生的新月形孢子能够在短时间内侵染并杀死松材线虫。因其对松材线虫具有高感染性和较强致死性,该菌有潜力成为生防菌株[5-7]。若EV菌成为共生真菌共存于松树体内,则有望更高效地防治松树松材线虫。本试验通过一组试验设计,测试适宜EV真菌生长的pH范围,研究EV菌在加有松树不同部位材料的培养基上的生长繁殖情况,探讨EV菌在松树体内定殖的可能性。
酸碱度和松树基质对杀线菌Esteya vermicola菌丝体生长的影响
Effects of pH Value and Pine Substrate on Growth of Esteya vermicola Mycelia
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摘要:
目的 研究Esteya vermicola真菌适应的pH范围,并探讨松树成分对其生长的影响,以期为E. vermicola菌在松树体内的定植和林业重大病害松材线虫野外的生物防治提供理论支撑。 方法 选取E. vermicolaCBS115803(EV115803)和E. vermicolaCNU120806(EV120806)为试验对象,测试EV真菌适应的pH范围,并以35 a黑松不同器官组织配制培养基,探究EV菌的生长情况,观测各菌株生长速率、菌体量和产孢量。 结果 EV菌适应的pH值范围为5~13,菌体量在酸性条件下产生更多的气生菌丝。PDA中加入松树成分对EV菌有一定的刺激生长作用。在以松针、松树皮、松枝条为唯一营养来源时,EV菌生长茂盛。以木质部锯末为单一营养源时,EV菌生长缓慢。 结论 EV菌适应的pH值范围为5~13,EV菌耐碱性极强,且在加有松树各部位成分的培养基上生长,菌株EV120806对松树培养基的适应性更强,未来有望将EV菌定殖在松树中做为共生菌,摄食入侵的松材线虫,从而使松树具有内源的防控因子防控松材线虫。 -
关键词:
- 黑松
- / Esteya vermicola
- / 松材线虫
- / 生物防治
Abstract:Objective To study the pH range favoring Esteya vermicola, and the effects of pine substrate on the growth of E. vermicola so as to provide references for colonization of E. vermicola in Pinus trees and the biological control against pine wood nematodes. Method E. vermicola CBS115803 (EV115803) and E. vermicola CNU120806 (EV120806) were used to test their fungal pH adaptation range. The media with different parts of pine were prepared to study the growth of E. vermicola and to observe and measure the growth rate, mycelial amount and sporulation of each strain. Result E. vermicola was adapted to the pH range of 5 to 13, and the fungi produced more aerial hyphae under acidic conditions. PDA medium added with different parts of pine trees had a certain stimulating effect for E. vermicola. When pine needles, pine bark, and pine twigs were used as the only nutrient source, E. vermicola grew better than on WA plate. E. vermicola strains grew slowly when xylem sawdust was used as a single nutrient source. Conclusion E. vermicola is adapted to the pH range of 5 to 13. It is extremely resistant to alkaline and can grow on media added with different parts of pine trees. It is expected that E. vermicola will colonize the pine trees as symbiotic fungi against invading pine wood nematodes, so that pine trees have endogenous control factors for pine wood nematodes. -
Key words:
- Pinus thunbergii
- / Esteya vermicola
- / Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
- / Biological control
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