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生活史对策理论重点关注植物繁殖过程中的资源分配过程,探讨生殖资源分配格局对特定生存环境的适应性策略。植物的生殖对策主要取决于遗传因素,但生境条件也会在一定程度上影响着植物的生殖资源分配过程。植物采取降低生物量及植物体大小以及增加生殖投资量等适应性策略来应对外界生存环境的变化[1]。有性繁殖植物的生殖成功也同样受到植物的开花量影响[2-3]。植物的生殖活动能否成功主要取决于外界各种生物环境因子和非生物环境因子的综合性作用,该过程可以利用花粉限制假说[4-5]、生境资源限制假说[6]、密度制约假说[7]、生殖个体自身大小依赖[8-9]等机制加以解释。对于风媒植物而言,花粉数量供给不足、花粉质量偏低都会影响到果实的形成。与虫媒植物相比,风媒植物具有相对更高的传粉效率。前人研究显示花粉限制作用以及生境资源限制作用,都显著地影响着风媒植物的生殖成功效率[10-11]。对于不同物种而言,花粉限制作用对坐果率的影响也是不尽相同的[12]。
对于雌花与雄花着生在不同株体上的树种来说,雌雄个体在繁殖资源投入上有着明显差别。与雄树相比,雌树由于开花、结果需要付出相对更高的生殖代价。簇毛槭是一种典型的雌雄异株物种,也是检验生殖资源分配与生殖成功限制因子的理想对象。本研究基于对簇毛槭不同性别个体的定位研究,系统地检验了生境资源限制、花粉限制、密度制约以及植株大小对生殖成功的影响。
雌雄异株树种簇毛槭的生殖成功影响因子研究
Factors Affecting Reproductive Success in Dioecious Tree, Acer barbinerve
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摘要:
目的 以簇毛槭不同性别个体为研究对象检验生物因子及非生物因子对生殖成功的影响。 方法 在面积为21 hm2的大样地中定位监测183株簇毛槭的生殖生长及营养生长。利用线性回归分析检验生殖生长与营养生长间的权衡关系,利用路径分析模型量化生物因子及非生物因子对生殖成功的影响。 结果 雌性及雄性植株的生殖生长与营养生长间呈正向的线性关系(雌株:R2 = 0.40;p < 0.05;雄株:R2 = 0.69;p < 0.001)。坡度、有效花粉量对雌株开花量具有显著的负向影响(路径系数分别为−0.78和−0.41)。土壤水分、雌株胸径大小对雌株开花量具有显著的正向影响(路径系数分别为0.24和0.67)。叶面积指数显著地直接作用于有效花粉量(路径系数为0.58),因而叶面积指数表征的光照状况间接作用于雌株的开花量。雌株的结实量、坐果率、生殖营养比以及雄株的开花量、生殖营养比与解释性变量间没有显著的作用关系。 结论 簇毛槭的营养生长与生殖生长间存在着显著的权衡关系,而环境因子及花粉限制等因素对生殖成功的影响则很小。 Abstract:Objectives The influences of biotic and abiotic factors on the reproductive success were examined with individuals of different genders in Acer barbinerve. Methods The reproductive growth and vegetative growth of 183 trees of Acer barbinerve were observed in a 21 hm2 forest plot. The linear regression analysis was used to test the trade-offs between reproductive growth and vegetative growth. And path analysis model was used to quantify the influences of biotic and abiotic factors on the reproductive success. Results There is a positive linear relationship between the reproductive growth and vegetative growth for both female and male trees (female: R2 = 0.40; p < 0.05; male: R2 = 0.69; p < 0.001). Slope and effective pollen amount have a significant negative effect on the flowering amount of female trees (path coefficients are −0.78 and −0.41, respectively). Soil moisture and diameter at breast height of female trees have a significant positive effect on the flowering amount of female trees (path coefficients are 0.24 and 0.67, respectively). The leaf area index significantly directly affects the effective pollen amount (path coefficient is 0.58). Therefore, the light condition represented by the leaf area index indirectly affects the flowering amount of female trees. Fruit quantities, fruit setting rate and reproduction-nutrition ratio of females, and flower quantities and reproduction-nutrition ratio of males do not significantly relate with considering explanatory variables. Conclusions There is a significant trade-off between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Environmental factors and pollen restriction have little effect on the reproductive success of Acer barbinerve. -
Key words:
- dioecious plant
- / reproductive allocation
- / fruit set
- / Acer barbinerve
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