1988 Vol. 1, No. 1
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1988, 1(1): 1-13.
[Abstract]
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Abstract:
A nationwide provenance trial was organized with 19 and 43 seedlots on 21 and 45 sites respectively for two experiments with Chinese fir Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook and assessment was made on development and adaptability at the age of 6 years and 3 years in order to find out the relationship between better provenances and genotypesites.It was found out that there were significant differences between different provenances in standing volume.The selective efficiency of average volume reached 20%.The standing volume of the best provenance is 3.3 times more than that of the worst.According to their growth rate,stablity,characteristics of flowering and seeding and ability to resist frost,the geographic population,naturally occuring in South Ranges,was considered to be the best provenance and a number of better provenances were also identified to suit different types of site for main planting areas of the species.It was also suggested that the research results can be followed to use the seeds properly for establishing plantations under different ecological conditions in China.
A nationwide provenance trial was organized with 19 and 43 seedlots on 21 and 45 sites respectively for two experiments with Chinese fir Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook and assessment was made on development and adaptability at the age of 6 years and 3 years in order to find out the relationship between better provenances and genotypesites.It was found out that there were significant differences between different provenances in standing volume.The selective efficiency of average volume reached 20%.The standing volume of the best provenance is 3.3 times more than that of the worst.According to their growth rate,stablity,characteristics of flowering and seeding and ability to resist frost,the geographic population,naturally occuring in South Ranges,was considered to be the best provenance and a number of better provenances were also identified to suit different types of site for main planting areas of the species.It was also suggested that the research results can be followed to use the seeds properly for establishing plantations under different ecological conditions in China.
1988, 1(1): 14-24.
Abstract:
The pine caterpillar Dendrolimus spectabilis CPV (JDS-CPV) introduced from Japan could give high mortality both to seven species of the pine caterpillar in the genus Dendrolimus and to the cotton borer Heliothis armigera in China.According to the study of gel profiles of CPV-RNA the JDS-CPV is different from the strains which replicated in the Dendrolimus spp.in China.So far we have found three types of gel profiles of nucleic acid.JDS-CPV belongs to type one.JADP-CPV,JYDPW-CPV,JGDP-CPV,CYDPW-CPV etc.belong to type two.The up band of CGDP-CPV belongs to type three.Type two and three are reported for the first time.JDS-CPV affects only the midgut epithelial cells as all other CPVs.The LC50 for the third-instar and fifth-instar larvae of the first generation are 1.6×105 CPB/ml and 3.3×105 CPB/ml respectively.The LD60 for the third-instar larvae of the same generation is 2.1×103 CPB/Iarva by bioassay.The JDS-CPV not only gave the best control to the larvae,but also affected feeding,body weight and even the survial rate of larvae of the next generation.Applying the mixture of JDS-CPV and Bt resulted in 72-80% reduction of feeding.After storaging it in oil emulsion at 4℃ for 197 days or in liquid suspension under 4℃ for five years,the biological activity of JDS-CPV could not be affected noticeably.The host used for mass production of JDS-CPV are the pine caterpillar larvae from pine plantation.An average yield obtained is more than 2×103 CPB per larva of 6-7th-instar.
The pine caterpillar Dendrolimus spectabilis CPV (JDS-CPV) introduced from Japan could give high mortality both to seven species of the pine caterpillar in the genus Dendrolimus and to the cotton borer Heliothis armigera in China.According to the study of gel profiles of CPV-RNA the JDS-CPV is different from the strains which replicated in the Dendrolimus spp.in China.So far we have found three types of gel profiles of nucleic acid.JDS-CPV belongs to type one.JADP-CPV,JYDPW-CPV,JGDP-CPV,CYDPW-CPV etc.belong to type two.The up band of CGDP-CPV belongs to type three.Type two and three are reported for the first time.JDS-CPV affects only the midgut epithelial cells as all other CPVs.The LC50 for the third-instar and fifth-instar larvae of the first generation are 1.6×105 CPB/ml and 3.3×105 CPB/ml respectively.The LD60 for the third-instar larvae of the same generation is 2.1×103 CPB/Iarva by bioassay.The JDS-CPV not only gave the best control to the larvae,but also affected feeding,body weight and even the survial rate of larvae of the next generation.Applying the mixture of JDS-CPV and Bt resulted in 72-80% reduction of feeding.After storaging it in oil emulsion at 4℃ for 197 days or in liquid suspension under 4℃ for five years,the biological activity of JDS-CPV could not be affected noticeably.The host used for mass production of JDS-CPV are the pine caterpillar larvae from pine plantation.An average yield obtained is more than 2×103 CPB per larva of 6-7th-instar.
1988, 1(1): 25-31.
Abstract:
Four aspects of soil deterioration in the tropical forest had been demonstrated according to experiment of the shifting cultivation on ecological efficiency of the semi-deciduous monsoonforest at Jianfengling,Hainan Island.With losing of the litterfall the supplemental source of the soil fertility and the hydrologic function are declined; soil and water erosion severe; the ability of water transportation and the storage capacity are decreased; soil fertility degraded owing to deterioration of the soil physico-chemical properties.It is suggested that the shifting cultivation system must be rid of practice establishing an agro-forest system based mainly on the woody plants,drawing up resonable overall and management for the tropical forest,preventing from slash-and-burn cultivation,carrying out of planting technique of ecology,so as to maintain the soil fertility and the protection of soil resource of the tropical forest.
Four aspects of soil deterioration in the tropical forest had been demonstrated according to experiment of the shifting cultivation on ecological efficiency of the semi-deciduous monsoonforest at Jianfengling,Hainan Island.With losing of the litterfall the supplemental source of the soil fertility and the hydrologic function are declined; soil and water erosion severe; the ability of water transportation and the storage capacity are decreased; soil fertility degraded owing to deterioration of the soil physico-chemical properties.It is suggested that the shifting cultivation system must be rid of practice establishing an agro-forest system based mainly on the woody plants,drawing up resonable overall and management for the tropical forest,preventing from slash-and-burn cultivation,carrying out of planting technique of ecology,so as to maintain the soil fertility and the protection of soil resource of the tropical forest.
1988, 1(1): 32-40.
Abstract:
As a result of the studies,we found a way to cultivate woodoil trees in northern areas and to establish the economic plantation of clones instead of seedling afforestation.Through breeding the clones from elits trees and their selection,three high-yielding clones out of the 13 selected were finally determined.They were labeled as Zhezhou No.7,Zhezhou No.9,Zhezhou No.8.The first one was the best because of its high yield and early maturity.It was proved in our practice that the breeding of high-yielding clones of woodoil tree is not only scientifically reasonable,but also feasible.We carried out the studies,selection,determination and demonstration simultaneously,and extended the results gradually.Now the extension area has reached 53 960 mu where the quick-propagating techniques and high-yielding clones are being used successfully.
As a result of the studies,we found a way to cultivate woodoil trees in northern areas and to establish the economic plantation of clones instead of seedling afforestation.Through breeding the clones from elits trees and their selection,three high-yielding clones out of the 13 selected were finally determined.They were labeled as Zhezhou No.7,Zhezhou No.9,Zhezhou No.8.The first one was the best because of its high yield and early maturity.It was proved in our practice that the breeding of high-yielding clones of woodoil tree is not only scientifically reasonable,but also feasible.We carried out the studies,selection,determination and demonstration simultaneously,and extended the results gradually.Now the extension area has reached 53 960 mu where the quick-propagating techniques and high-yielding clones are being used successfully.
1988, 1(1): 41-47.
Abstract:
It is obvious that bushy lac host plants grow up faster and get into operation early in lac production.These plants bear a lot of flowers and seeds and have a long blooming and fruiting peroid,many inorganic elements being depleted in their growth.Their growth are often weakened.Their life are shortened.Due to these resons,the growth of lac insect is checked,the yield of broodlac is low and the quality is poor.It is reported in this paper that development of flower bud can be restrained and the growth of new buds can be promoted by spraying a mixed solution of 0.3% ethrel and 2% carbamide on the flower buds of the plants,then the host plants become stronger with more lateral branches.Therefore,the yield and the quality of broodlac on the host plants can well be improved and the period standing idle is shortened for them.
It is obvious that bushy lac host plants grow up faster and get into operation early in lac production.These plants bear a lot of flowers and seeds and have a long blooming and fruiting peroid,many inorganic elements being depleted in their growth.Their growth are often weakened.Their life are shortened.Due to these resons,the growth of lac insect is checked,the yield of broodlac is low and the quality is poor.It is reported in this paper that development of flower bud can be restrained and the growth of new buds can be promoted by spraying a mixed solution of 0.3% ethrel and 2% carbamide on the flower buds of the plants,then the host plants become stronger with more lateral branches.Therefore,the yield and the quality of broodlac on the host plants can well be improved and the period standing idle is shortened for them.
1988, 1(1): 48-56.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the technological process of applying Landsat MSS data to forest inventory at the forest bureau,evaluates the accuracy of the Survey and Compares the field work load and production cost with traditional methods.The study done at Qiao Shan Forest Bureau reveals that by means of computer analysis of Landsat MSS data we can easily estimate the areas of varied land types and timber volumes,and draw the forest map and timber volume distribution map.Moreover,the techniques is possessed of the following advantages: high efficiency,low cost and less field workdays.In the forest zone in North China,especially in that part of forest where it is hard of access and has not yet been opened up.The techniques will be very useful.
This paper deals with the technological process of applying Landsat MSS data to forest inventory at the forest bureau,evaluates the accuracy of the Survey and Compares the field work load and production cost with traditional methods.The study done at Qiao Shan Forest Bureau reveals that by means of computer analysis of Landsat MSS data we can easily estimate the areas of varied land types and timber volumes,and draw the forest map and timber volume distribution map.Moreover,the techniques is possessed of the following advantages: high efficiency,low cost and less field workdays.In the forest zone in North China,especially in that part of forest where it is hard of access and has not yet been opened up.The techniques will be very useful.
A PRELIMINARY EVALUATION ON THE SITE SELECTION OF CHINESE FIR (CUNNINGHAMIA LANCEOLATA) SEED ORCHARD
1988, 1(1): 57-65.
Abstract:
Through the data analysis of 28 seed orchards for Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) which located in six provinces in China,it has been found out that the seed trees grow in seed orchards in central region of distribution of this species and the clones initiated in this region are later flowering and have lower sowing quality of seeds in first several years of fruiting phase than the trees grow in seed orchard in northern region of distribution and the clones from northern one.Ten or more after grafting,the seed yield and sowing quality of former can catch up with later one.Excessive precipitation and raining date in lollening period and dry in seeds developing stage (July-October) in central region and longly dry season in south region of distribution seems prevent them from high-yield and good quality of seeds.It is recommended that the seed orchard of Chinese fir had better to establish in basicly adopting location to this species but un-central region.
Through the data analysis of 28 seed orchards for Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) which located in six provinces in China,it has been found out that the seed trees grow in seed orchards in central region of distribution of this species and the clones initiated in this region are later flowering and have lower sowing quality of seeds in first several years of fruiting phase than the trees grow in seed orchard in northern region of distribution and the clones from northern one.Ten or more after grafting,the seed yield and sowing quality of former can catch up with later one.Excessive precipitation and raining date in lollening period and dry in seeds developing stage (July-October) in central region and longly dry season in south region of distribution seems prevent them from high-yield and good quality of seeds.It is recommended that the seed orchard of Chinese fir had better to establish in basicly adopting location to this species but un-central region.
1988, 1(1): 66-79.
Abstract:
1988, 1(1): 80-89.
Abstract:
The duration of breeding season,nestling food composition and predation of nestling periods of great tit on the larvae of Dendrolimus punctatus were studied in 1985-1987 at Longshan Forest Farm,Anji County,Zhejiang Province (3050'N,1942'E).The breeding season of great tit began in mid-March and ended in late-August.The duration of breeding season lasted about 152 days in 1987.There were three noticeable periods of laying start and hatching start in the clutches.The nestling periods were consistent with the periods of large larvae after overwintering,small and large larvae of first generation respectively.
The duration of breeding season,nestling food composition and predation of nestling periods of great tit on the larvae of Dendrolimus punctatus were studied in 1985-1987 at Longshan Forest Farm,Anji County,Zhejiang Province (3050'N,1942'E).The breeding season of great tit began in mid-March and ended in late-August.The duration of breeding season lasted about 152 days in 1987.There were three noticeable periods of laying start and hatching start in the clutches.The nestling periods were consistent with the periods of large larvae after overwintering,small and large larvae of first generation respectively.
1988, 1(1): 91-97.
Abstract:
This paper reported the outcoma of macrofungi investigation at Jianfengling area,Hainan Island.Two hundred and sixty-five species of macrofungi had been collected during 1981-1983.There are eighty-seven species important severe of macrofungi.The composition and the characteristics of macrofungi,relationship between the main population of macrofungi and the ecological environment as well as the major resource of fungi species in that area had also been studied.
This paper reported the outcoma of macrofungi investigation at Jianfengling area,Hainan Island.Two hundred and sixty-five species of macrofungi had been collected during 1981-1983.There are eighty-seven species important severe of macrofungi.The composition and the characteristics of macrofungi,relationship between the main population of macrofungi and the ecological environment as well as the major resource of fungi species in that area had also been studied.
1988, 1(1): 98-101.
Abstract:
The circumstance that myceliums of Dictyopkora indusiata grew and incubated in liquid media with different pH values were presented in the paper.The most quickly growing and multiplication of the myceliums and the highest levels of absorption and utilization on the nutrient elements such as C,N,P etc,under the conditions of pH 4.1-5.1 were proposed.
The circumstance that myceliums of Dictyopkora indusiata grew and incubated in liquid media with different pH values were presented in the paper.The most quickly growing and multiplication of the myceliums and the highest levels of absorption and utilization on the nutrient elements such as C,N,P etc,under the conditions of pH 4.1-5.1 were proposed.
1988, 1(1): 102-105.
Abstract:
Michelia chapensis is one of the macrophanerophytes in Family Magnoliaceae and one of the wild,rare and valuable species in our country.It is a good species for courtyard greening and timber forest afforestation since it has a fast growth,magnificent tree-form,white and fragrant flowers and quality timber.
Michelia chapensis is one of the macrophanerophytes in Family Magnoliaceae and one of the wild,rare and valuable species in our country.It is a good species for courtyard greening and timber forest afforestation since it has a fast growth,magnificent tree-form,white and fragrant flowers and quality timber.
1988, 1(1): 106-108.
Abstract:
Periwinkle (Vinca rosea) was first inoculated with the mycoplasma-like organisms (MLO) of paulownia witches' broom from paulownia by southern dodder (Cuscuta australis) in 1986,causing the typical symptoms with yellowish leaves,witches' broom and phyllody of flower parts.The results of the experiment showed that 22 of 77 inoculated plants of periwinkle were diseased and the inoculation periods were 140 to 370 days.The sieve cells of diseased periwinkle with typical phyllody of flower parts,under transmission electron microscope,were full of more MLOs than those of diseased paulownia.They were measured 280-580 nm× 320-860 nm in size,with spherical,elliptical and binary fission,and each was provided with a unit membrance 10 nm in thickness.The MLOs in the ultrathin section of periwinkle were morphologically and ultrastructurally most similar to that of paulownia.they have not been found in healthy periwinkle sample.
Periwinkle (Vinca rosea) was first inoculated with the mycoplasma-like organisms (MLO) of paulownia witches' broom from paulownia by southern dodder (Cuscuta australis) in 1986,causing the typical symptoms with yellowish leaves,witches' broom and phyllody of flower parts.The results of the experiment showed that 22 of 77 inoculated plants of periwinkle were diseased and the inoculation periods were 140 to 370 days.The sieve cells of diseased periwinkle with typical phyllody of flower parts,under transmission electron microscope,were full of more MLOs than those of diseased paulownia.They were measured 280-580 nm× 320-860 nm in size,with spherical,elliptical and binary fission,and each was provided with a unit membrance 10 nm in thickness.The MLOs in the ultrathin section of periwinkle were morphologically and ultrastructurally most similar to that of paulownia.they have not been found in healthy periwinkle sample.
1988, 1(1): 109-111.
Abstract:
This paper deal with numbers of chromosome for Bambusoideae.The chromosomes of the somatic cells in the root tips of some plants of Bambusoideae were observed.The chromosomes counts of 9 species belong to 3 genera; Bambusa,Phyllostachys,Pseudosasa.On these numbers of chromosome,7 species are reported here for the first time.
This paper deal with numbers of chromosome for Bambusoideae.The chromosomes of the somatic cells in the root tips of some plants of Bambusoideae were observed.The chromosomes counts of 9 species belong to 3 genera; Bambusa,Phyllostachys,Pseudosasa.On these numbers of chromosome,7 species are reported here for the first time.
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