1990 Vol. 3, No. 3
Display Method:
1990, 3(3): 201-206.
[Abstract]
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Abstract:
The close spaced Populus deltoides cv. ‘Lux' I-69/55 plantations have sharper-angled branches and low percentage of skeleton branches. The optimum stand density appears when the leaf area index, reaches 7.81 and the leaf area density amounts to 0.8~0.9. The light distribution within the canopy is subject to the leaf area index and the extinction coefficient. The light intensity weakens faster in closed plantations. Taking 8 % of the relative light intensity as a criticle light intensity, the close spaced plantation possessed the lowest productivity and the medium density plantation the highest at the sixth year. The widely spaced plantation's productivity approached that of the medium density plantation at the seventh year.
The close spaced Populus deltoides cv. ‘Lux' I-69/55 plantations have sharper-angled branches and low percentage of skeleton branches. The optimum stand density appears when the leaf area index, reaches 7.81 and the leaf area density amounts to 0.8~0.9. The light distribution within the canopy is subject to the leaf area index and the extinction coefficient. The light intensity weakens faster in closed plantations. Taking 8 % of the relative light intensity as a criticle light intensity, the close spaced plantation possessed the lowest productivity and the medium density plantation the highest at the sixth year. The widely spaced plantation's productivity approached that of the medium density plantation at the seventh year.
1990, 3(3): 207-214.
Abstract:
8 046 birds of prey were banded from 1985 to 1987 in Dalian City, Laotieshan District in Liaoning Province and Shangdong Province, which belonged to 2 orders, 3 families and 21 genera, of which 522 were Accipiter gcntilis, 1 828 A. virgatus, 2 404 A. nisus, 2155 Otus scops and 583 Asia otus, which account for 6.48%, 22.19% , 22.19%, 29.87% and 7.24% of the total respectively.The south-migrating birds of prey began to be seen to pass through the research regions from late-August to mid-December. A. virgatus was the first one captured on Sept. 1 and Buteo laguous was the last one captured on Dec. 12. From late August to early September, the birds of prey, such as A. virgatus, A. nisus, A. solocnsis, Pernis pitilorkyncnus, Falco tinnunculus, F. subbuteo migrated in turn. From late September to early October, came Circus cyaneus, Buteo buteo, Asio otus etc. in series. From late November to early December, B. lagopus etc. followed. The migrating peak was from early September to mid-November. Based on the data and analysis of net trapped birds and banding, the migrating peak for A. nisus, A. virgatus, O. scops, A. otus etc. that passed through three bird banding sites was nearly the whole. They were Sept.10~Oct.15, Sept. 15-Oct.25, Sept. 15-Oct.15, Oct.10~Nov.5 respectively. 29 birds of prey were recovered during 1985~ 1987. The recover information from Hebei, Shangdong, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Liaoning and Heilongjiang Provinces showed that the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtse River and its vast southern part and the south-eastern coastal areas were the wintering regions for the birds of prey which migrated through Dalian, Laotieshan in Liaoning Province and Changdao, Qindao in Shangdong Province.
8 046 birds of prey were banded from 1985 to 1987 in Dalian City, Laotieshan District in Liaoning Province and Shangdong Province, which belonged to 2 orders, 3 families and 21 genera, of which 522 were Accipiter gcntilis, 1 828 A. virgatus, 2 404 A. nisus, 2155 Otus scops and 583 Asia otus, which account for 6.48%, 22.19% , 22.19%, 29.87% and 7.24% of the total respectively.The south-migrating birds of prey began to be seen to pass through the research regions from late-August to mid-December. A. virgatus was the first one captured on Sept. 1 and Buteo laguous was the last one captured on Dec. 12. From late August to early September, the birds of prey, such as A. virgatus, A. nisus, A. solocnsis, Pernis pitilorkyncnus, Falco tinnunculus, F. subbuteo migrated in turn. From late September to early October, came Circus cyaneus, Buteo buteo, Asio otus etc. in series. From late November to early December, B. lagopus etc. followed. The migrating peak was from early September to mid-November. Based on the data and analysis of net trapped birds and banding, the migrating peak for A. nisus, A. virgatus, O. scops, A. otus etc. that passed through three bird banding sites was nearly the whole. They were Sept.10~Oct.15, Sept. 15-Oct.25, Sept. 15-Oct.15, Oct.10~Nov.5 respectively. 29 birds of prey were recovered during 1985~ 1987. The recover information from Hebei, Shangdong, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Liaoning and Heilongjiang Provinces showed that the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtse River and its vast southern part and the south-eastern coastal areas were the wintering regions for the birds of prey which migrated through Dalian, Laotieshan in Liaoning Province and Changdao, Qindao in Shangdong Province.
1990, 3(3): 215-221.
Abstract:
Tianmu Mountain, with its peak over 1500m above sea level, is the sources and water-shed of many streams of Yangtze River and Qiant-ang River. There are four vertical forest vegetation zones, which include seven forest types at different altitudes, from the foot to the top of Tianmu Mountain. The seven forest types are: evergreen broad-leaf forest, evergreen and deciduous broad-leaf mixed forest, deciduous broad-leaf forest, hill-top shrub and dwarf forest, needle and broad-leaf mixed forest, and bamboo grove.The characteristics of soil in the forest types are different. The investigation and tests showed that the standing crops, component, water-holding capacity and its percentage are all different in their litter (layers). The litter plays an important role in forest soil hydro-ecology. The physical properties of the forest soil, such as specific volume, specific weight, natural moisture content, capillary water, porosity, etc., vary with the forest types. The water-holding capacity of forest soil is higher than that of non-forest land (such as grassland). The deciduous broad-leaf forest always holds more water in the soil than the evergreen needle forest does.The abundant annual precpitation of Tianmu Mountain forest region, satisfies the needs of the forest vegetation and the evapo-transpiration of the soil surface. The forest soil hydro-ecological effect in Tianmu Mountain is essential to the preservation of natural balance.
Tianmu Mountain, with its peak over 1500m above sea level, is the sources and water-shed of many streams of Yangtze River and Qiant-ang River. There are four vertical forest vegetation zones, which include seven forest types at different altitudes, from the foot to the top of Tianmu Mountain. The seven forest types are: evergreen broad-leaf forest, evergreen and deciduous broad-leaf mixed forest, deciduous broad-leaf forest, hill-top shrub and dwarf forest, needle and broad-leaf mixed forest, and bamboo grove.The characteristics of soil in the forest types are different. The investigation and tests showed that the standing crops, component, water-holding capacity and its percentage are all different in their litter (layers). The litter plays an important role in forest soil hydro-ecology. The physical properties of the forest soil, such as specific volume, specific weight, natural moisture content, capillary water, porosity, etc., vary with the forest types. The water-holding capacity of forest soil is higher than that of non-forest land (such as grassland). The deciduous broad-leaf forest always holds more water in the soil than the evergreen needle forest does.The abundant annual precpitation of Tianmu Mountain forest region, satisfies the needs of the forest vegetation and the evapo-transpiration of the soil surface. The forest soil hydro-ecological effect in Tianmu Mountain is essential to the preservation of natural balance.
1990, 3(3): 222-228.
Abstract:
A system analysis was made on the successive eight-year growth data of site experiments on clones of Populus tcmentosa, and the evaluation of productivity, genetic stability and adaptability was conducted. There were 5 faster growing clones,3 of which had higher genetic stability and adaptability and were adapted to be cultivated in two ecological areas. Two clones and the controlled clone were genetically less stable, which were only suitable to be extended in limited areas owing to their special adaptability. According to the multiple ranging analysis, the 11 evaluating parameters could appropriately be incorporated into 3 catalogues which were independent to each other and had the same effectiveness in evaluating the productivity,genetic stability and adaptability. For effectiveness and computing conveniences, either one of the following parameter groups is recommended to be adopted in evaluating:
A system analysis was made on the successive eight-year growth data of site experiments on clones of Populus tcmentosa, and the evaluation of productivity, genetic stability and adaptability was conducted. There were 5 faster growing clones,3 of which had higher genetic stability and adaptability and were adapted to be cultivated in two ecological areas. Two clones and the controlled clone were genetically less stable, which were only suitable to be extended in limited areas owing to their special adaptability. According to the multiple ranging analysis, the 11 evaluating parameters could appropriately be incorporated into 3 catalogues which were independent to each other and had the same effectiveness in evaluating the productivity,genetic stability and adaptability. For effectiveness and computing conveniences, either one of the following parameter groups is recommended to be adopted in evaluating:
1990, 3(3): 229-235.
Abstract:
Temik 9ppm can successfully control the reproduction of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus growing on the Botrytis cinerea. If 40 grams of 15% temik granule are injected into each Pinus thunbergii Parl, the contents of temik in the trunks will be 20.013~51.796 ppm in 30 days and 17.575-40.386 ppm in 50 days. Sawdusts mixed with different contents of temik will influences the growth of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus at different extent. During the emergence of Monochamus alternatus Hope, 100 % of the boles of Pinus thunbergii are protected by injecting temik into the trunks only once a year. A new way is provided to control Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.
Temik 9ppm can successfully control the reproduction of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus growing on the Botrytis cinerea. If 40 grams of 15% temik granule are injected into each Pinus thunbergii Parl, the contents of temik in the trunks will be 20.013~51.796 ppm in 30 days and 17.575-40.386 ppm in 50 days. Sawdusts mixed with different contents of temik will influences the growth of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus at different extent. During the emergence of Monochamus alternatus Hope, 100 % of the boles of Pinus thunbergii are protected by injecting temik into the trunks only once a year. A new way is provided to control Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.
1990, 3(3): 236-241.
Abstract:
Twenty fuelwood species have been tested in the Central-north of Hainan Province for four years. The results show that Acacia mangium, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. tereticornis, A. auriculiformis and E. maculata are the best and fast-growing fuelwood species suitable for cultivation in the area, with a volume of 28.1~50.1m3/ha, an oven dry biomass of 17.5~23.9 t/ha and a sprouting rate of 97~100 %.
Twenty fuelwood species have been tested in the Central-north of Hainan Province for four years. The results show that Acacia mangium, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. tereticornis, A. auriculiformis and E. maculata are the best and fast-growing fuelwood species suitable for cultivation in the area, with a volume of 28.1~50.1m3/ha, an oven dry biomass of 17.5~23.9 t/ha and a sprouting rate of 97~100 %.
1990, 3(3): 242-249.
Abstract:
The effect of diameter and height of stumps on sprout regeneration in mangium was studied in a short rotation mangium plantation. The study is based on observations of four height classes (25 cm,50 cm, 75 cm and 100cm) and two diameter classes (4.1~8.0cm and 8.1~12.0cm) of the stumps. The results showed that sprouting percentage of the stumps and number of sprouts per stump increased with the stump height, whereas they decreased with stump diameter. The length and diameter of sprouts and the total basal-area of all upright sprouts per stump increased with the increases in stump height and diameter. For achieving good results of sprout regeneration, it appears that young mangium plantation should be coppiced at heights ranging between 50~75cm.
The effect of diameter and height of stumps on sprout regeneration in mangium was studied in a short rotation mangium plantation. The study is based on observations of four height classes (25 cm,50 cm, 75 cm and 100cm) and two diameter classes (4.1~8.0cm and 8.1~12.0cm) of the stumps. The results showed that sprouting percentage of the stumps and number of sprouts per stump increased with the stump height, whereas they decreased with stump diameter. The length and diameter of sprouts and the total basal-area of all upright sprouts per stump increased with the increases in stump height and diameter. For achieving good results of sprout regeneration, it appears that young mangium plantation should be coppiced at heights ranging between 50~75cm.
1990, 3(3): 250-255.
Abstract:
Observations and experiments were carried out on abortion, vitality and pollination of pollens of 12 bamboo species. The vitality maint-anance time of anther and pollens was very short when they left their mother plant, especially the pollen which might lose vitality in 1~2h. Appropriate liquid medium for bamboo pollen germination was 10 % sugar solution. The germination percentage apparently increscently increased when 5 ppm boric acid was added to the solution.The flowers of Ph. nidularia f. smoothsheath and Pl. maculatus belonged to male sterility two types. Abortive pollens could be found in the other 10 bamboo species and they belonged to three different types. Unfavourable environmental conditions such as low temperature and drought stunted the development of the pollen, which increased the percentage of sterile pollens. The natural pollination of bamboo flowers were poor. 33.3 % of the flowers on the bamboo plants did not receive any pollen during flourishing period and in some individuals, the percentage of natural pollination was only 10 %.
Observations and experiments were carried out on abortion, vitality and pollination of pollens of 12 bamboo species. The vitality maint-anance time of anther and pollens was very short when they left their mother plant, especially the pollen which might lose vitality in 1~2h. Appropriate liquid medium for bamboo pollen germination was 10 % sugar solution. The germination percentage apparently increscently increased when 5 ppm boric acid was added to the solution.The flowers of Ph. nidularia f. smoothsheath and Pl. maculatus belonged to male sterility two types. Abortive pollens could be found in the other 10 bamboo species and they belonged to three different types. Unfavourable environmental conditions such as low temperature and drought stunted the development of the pollen, which increased the percentage of sterile pollens. The natural pollination of bamboo flowers were poor. 33.3 % of the flowers on the bamboo plants did not receive any pollen during flourishing period and in some individuals, the percentage of natural pollination was only 10 %.
1990, 3(3): 256-262.
Abstract:
The horned gall aphid, Schlechtendalia chinensis (Bell), is an important resource insect which produces raw materials for industrial use. It develops seasonal forms in its life cycle lasting a year on two types of host through six generations. The autumn-form winged parthenogenetic female migrates from the gall on the first host called summer host, Rhus chinensis Mill, to the second host known as overwintering hosts which comprise some species of moss in later fall. This female on the overwintering host reproduces parthenogenetically nymphs which consist of two forms, one being alate sex-upara and the other apterous parthenogenetic female which reproduces on the moss. The nymph of sexupara lasts 104~132 days with four instars, the first instar is 20~35, the second 13~37, the third 30~60, the fourth 7~14 days. After the fourth moult it becomes sexupara migrating to R. chinensis Mill in spring. The apterous pathenogenetic female passes 72~112 days. The reproduction duration for individuals varies between 2 to 54 days, and each one may produce 1~11 young nymphs one after another. The time interval between two successive young nymphs may be less than one day and up to 36 days. The nymphs produced by apterous females on the moss will die at young stage. The nymphs produced by autumn-form winged parthenogenetic female on the moss have a high mortality at baby stage, over 90 per cent are in the first instar, and the mortalily is going to reduce beginning from the later second instar. This characteristic of changes in quantity is determined by the heredity of the insect itself and the environmental factors, especially the moisture in the layer of the moss, which are important as well for causing the death of the aphid.
The horned gall aphid, Schlechtendalia chinensis (Bell), is an important resource insect which produces raw materials for industrial use. It develops seasonal forms in its life cycle lasting a year on two types of host through six generations. The autumn-form winged parthenogenetic female migrates from the gall on the first host called summer host, Rhus chinensis Mill, to the second host known as overwintering hosts which comprise some species of moss in later fall. This female on the overwintering host reproduces parthenogenetically nymphs which consist of two forms, one being alate sex-upara and the other apterous parthenogenetic female which reproduces on the moss. The nymph of sexupara lasts 104~132 days with four instars, the first instar is 20~35, the second 13~37, the third 30~60, the fourth 7~14 days. After the fourth moult it becomes sexupara migrating to R. chinensis Mill in spring. The apterous pathenogenetic female passes 72~112 days. The reproduction duration for individuals varies between 2 to 54 days, and each one may produce 1~11 young nymphs one after another. The time interval between two successive young nymphs may be less than one day and up to 36 days. The nymphs produced by apterous females on the moss will die at young stage. The nymphs produced by autumn-form winged parthenogenetic female on the moss have a high mortality at baby stage, over 90 per cent are in the first instar, and the mortalily is going to reduce beginning from the later second instar. This characteristic of changes in quantity is determined by the heredity of the insect itself and the environmental factors, especially the moisture in the layer of the moss, which are important as well for causing the death of the aphid.
1990, 3(3): 263-265.
Abstract:
This study deals with the replication of Dendrolimus punctatus CPV by the cotton bollworm Heliothis armigera. The results show that D. punctatus CPV not only can be replicated by H. armigera but also can induce the virus of the host. Under the condition of average weight 0.41 g per larvae, 2.84×10 PIB were reproduced by each larva. A satisfactory result obtained after using this virus replicated on H. armigera to control D. punctatus.
This study deals with the replication of Dendrolimus punctatus CPV by the cotton bollworm Heliothis armigera. The results show that D. punctatus CPV not only can be replicated by H. armigera but also can induce the virus of the host. Under the condition of average weight 0.41 g per larvae, 2.84×10 PIB were reproduced by each larva. A satisfactory result obtained after using this virus replicated on H. armigera to control D. punctatus.
1990, 3(3): 266-270.
Abstract:
The study on the growth and nutrient distribution of Populus deltcides cv. "LUX" I-69 in Hanshou County, Hunan Province shows: In the same conditions, the significant differences are found in the growth of grade I seedlings is 1.4~1.7 times that of grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ. The annual root stem growth of grade I is 1.3~1.6 times that of grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ. The biomass accumulation of high-grade seedlings is 40 times more than the poor one. The biomass (dry weight) accumulation is about 2400 kg per mu (1/15 hectare). In the same conditions, the accumulation of main nutrient of different grade seedlings is also different: Grade I is 2.2~4.3 times that of grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ. The accumulation of main nutrient is 148 kg per mu. The proportion of Ca:K:N:P:Mg is 6.0:5.5:4.0:1.5:1.0.The content of nutrient distribution varies with different parts within a seedling. The nutrient content of the leaves and the roots are much more than that of the stems and the cuttings. The nutrient elements distribution in the different parts varies too. The greatest content of N is in the leaves while the greatest content of K exists in the leafstalks and the greatest content of Ca exists in the roots.
The study on the growth and nutrient distribution of Populus deltcides cv. "LUX" I-69 in Hanshou County, Hunan Province shows: In the same conditions, the significant differences are found in the growth of grade I seedlings is 1.4~1.7 times that of grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ. The annual root stem growth of grade I is 1.3~1.6 times that of grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ. The biomass accumulation of high-grade seedlings is 40 times more than the poor one. The biomass (dry weight) accumulation is about 2400 kg per mu (1/15 hectare). In the same conditions, the accumulation of main nutrient of different grade seedlings is also different: Grade I is 2.2~4.3 times that of grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ. The accumulation of main nutrient is 148 kg per mu. The proportion of Ca:K:N:P:Mg is 6.0:5.5:4.0:1.5:1.0.The content of nutrient distribution varies with different parts within a seedling. The nutrient content of the leaves and the roots are much more than that of the stems and the cuttings. The nutrient elements distribution in the different parts varies too. The greatest content of N is in the leaves while the greatest content of K exists in the leafstalks and the greatest content of Ca exists in the roots.
1990, 3(3): 271-274.
Abstract:
This report indicated that the economic yield and biomass of bamboo grove in mixture year were higher than those in "on" year and "off year in the same location. In addition, steady bamboo products could be provided year by year in bamboo grove in mixture year. According to the data of the experiments of two generations which included four treatments used for transforming bamboo grove from "on" year and "off" year to mixture year, it was showed that there was the best effect of strong shoot thinning during the on-year spring on inducement of the number of bamboo in off-year and promoting the speed of transforming bamboo grove. Also, it was much better than the other three treatments which included isolating rhizomes to bamboo individuals, changing cutting period and naturally remaining shoots during "off year and there was no significant difference among the three treatments.
This report indicated that the economic yield and biomass of bamboo grove in mixture year were higher than those in "on" year and "off year in the same location. In addition, steady bamboo products could be provided year by year in bamboo grove in mixture year. According to the data of the experiments of two generations which included four treatments used for transforming bamboo grove from "on" year and "off" year to mixture year, it was showed that there was the best effect of strong shoot thinning during the on-year spring on inducement of the number of bamboo in off-year and promoting the speed of transforming bamboo grove. Also, it was much better than the other three treatments which included isolating rhizomes to bamboo individuals, changing cutting period and naturally remaining shoots during "off year and there was no significant difference among the three treatments.
1990, 3(3): 275-279.
Abstract:
From 1987 to 1989, applied experiments with seedlings and rooted cuttings have been carried out both in greenhouse and nursery. It was shown that 5 ppm NL-1 or NL-32 treatment was optimum for P. elongata and P. tomentosa seedlings in solution culture experiments partly by steady state nutrition, average biomass increments of seedlings were up about 40% in comparison with control (no rare-earth). The growth of seedlings was inhibited at 50 ppm without ajusting pH value of culture solution (about 4), whereas biomass increased by 7%~30 % for P. elongata seedlings after ajusting pH near 6 with CaCO3. Spraying the leaves of nursery stocks in Paulownia spp. with NL-1 complex rare-earth solution at 50 ppm for the early two times and 75 ppm once later (pH5.0~5.5), the percentage of first class nursery stocks raised by a big margin in comparison with control, direct extra income per ha will be 3 000 yuan per year.
From 1987 to 1989, applied experiments with seedlings and rooted cuttings have been carried out both in greenhouse and nursery. It was shown that 5 ppm NL-1 or NL-32 treatment was optimum for P. elongata and P. tomentosa seedlings in solution culture experiments partly by steady state nutrition, average biomass increments of seedlings were up about 40% in comparison with control (no rare-earth). The growth of seedlings was inhibited at 50 ppm without ajusting pH value of culture solution (about 4), whereas biomass increased by 7%~30 % for P. elongata seedlings after ajusting pH near 6 with CaCO3. Spraying the leaves of nursery stocks in Paulownia spp. with NL-1 complex rare-earth solution at 50 ppm for the early two times and 75 ppm once later (pH5.0~5.5), the percentage of first class nursery stocks raised by a big margin in comparison with control, direct extra income per ha will be 3 000 yuan per year.
1990, 3(3): 280-285.
Abstract:
This paper was concerned with micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B) in a 21-year-old Chinese Fir plantation. Results are as follows: Boron contents is low in soil and leaves (0.5ppm). Element contents in the leaves vary with its ages, but not with its grades of forest growth. Efficiency of using micronutrients is high for Chinese Fir (404.0g/t). The net accumulations of micronutrients are nearly the same in Chinese Fir(2.274 kg/ha.a) and underplants (2.145kg/ha.a). The micronutrient biocycle rate is 66.5 percent, the uptake is 5.445kg/ha.a, the retention and restitution are 1.823kg/ha.a, and 3.622 kg/ha.a respectively. According to the use of whole tree, the biomass removal increases by 53.9 percent, and the micronutrient loss 171.9 percent.
This paper was concerned with micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B) in a 21-year-old Chinese Fir plantation. Results are as follows: Boron contents is low in soil and leaves (0.5ppm). Element contents in the leaves vary with its ages, but not with its grades of forest growth. Efficiency of using micronutrients is high for Chinese Fir (404.0g/t). The net accumulations of micronutrients are nearly the same in Chinese Fir(2.274 kg/ha.a) and underplants (2.145kg/ha.a). The micronutrient biocycle rate is 66.5 percent, the uptake is 5.445kg/ha.a, the retention and restitution are 1.823kg/ha.a, and 3.622 kg/ha.a respectively. According to the use of whole tree, the biomass removal increases by 53.9 percent, and the micronutrient loss 171.9 percent.
1990, 3(3): 286-289.
Abstract:
A project of applications of multivariate statistical analysis in forestry and its software packages has been engaged for six years. Three achievements, a book and two software packages have been submitted.1.The book "Methods of multivariate statistical analysis" was written to provide researchers, investigators and workers in forestry and agriculture with an elementary and important multivariate technique. The book includes many examples which have been employed in forestry and agriculture successfully.2.The IBM-PC program set consists of 90 programs, which involve statistics, programming and management. The set not only includes usual data transformations, statistical and multivariate analysis programs but also has some powerful programs, e. g. general multivariate nonlinear regression and general ANOVA. All the programs are easy-to-use and source programs are provided.3.OPMA (MAtrix Operator) is a software package for dealing with matrix operation. OPMA makes matrix operation easy. It is a useful tool to compute matrix and suitable for the students to learn matrix operation and computing methods of maltivariate analysis.
A project of applications of multivariate statistical analysis in forestry and its software packages has been engaged for six years. Three achievements, a book and two software packages have been submitted.1.The book "Methods of multivariate statistical analysis" was written to provide researchers, investigators and workers in forestry and agriculture with an elementary and important multivariate technique. The book includes many examples which have been employed in forestry and agriculture successfully.2.The IBM-PC program set consists of 90 programs, which involve statistics, programming and management. The set not only includes usual data transformations, statistical and multivariate analysis programs but also has some powerful programs, e. g. general multivariate nonlinear regression and general ANOVA. All the programs are easy-to-use and source programs are provided.3.OPMA (MAtrix Operator) is a software package for dealing with matrix operation. OPMA makes matrix operation easy. It is a useful tool to compute matrix and suitable for the students to learn matrix operation and computing methods of maltivariate analysis.
1990, 3(3): 290-295.
Abstract:
By simulated experiments, the Fermital leaf-lost level of 25 % has been determined for 15-20 year-old plantations of Pinus densiflora initially attacked by D. spectabilis under the medium site conditions in central-south mountain areas in Shandong Province, and the amount of leaves eaten by caterpillars has been measured to be 40g/head. The regression equation, y=1275.47x-5861.72(r=0.90), has been set up between the volume of needles (y) and the diameter of breast height dbh (x). A control index of D. spectabilis in spring is set to be 11~59 head/tree for plantations with an average dbh of 6~12 cm.
By simulated experiments, the Fermital leaf-lost level of 25 % has been determined for 15-20 year-old plantations of Pinus densiflora initially attacked by D. spectabilis under the medium site conditions in central-south mountain areas in Shandong Province, and the amount of leaves eaten by caterpillars has been measured to be 40g/head. The regression equation, y=1275.47x-5861.72(r=0.90), has been set up between the volume of needles (y) and the diameter of breast height dbh (x). A control index of D. spectabilis in spring is set to be 11~59 head/tree for plantations with an average dbh of 6~12 cm.
1990, 3(3): 296-298.
Abstract:
A nuclear polyhedrosis virus was isolated from the corpse of larva of Eupterote sapivora Yang in Guizhou Province, China. The back infection showed that the NPV is highly pathogenic to the insect. Under transmission and scanning of electron microscopy, the size of polyhedra ranges 1 540~3 380 nm and that of virions 380~460 nm. Ultra-thin sections showed that there are 2 or 3 virions in each bundle.
A nuclear polyhedrosis virus was isolated from the corpse of larva of Eupterote sapivora Yang in Guizhou Province, China. The back infection showed that the NPV is highly pathogenic to the insect. Under transmission and scanning of electron microscopy, the size of polyhedra ranges 1 540~3 380 nm and that of virions 380~460 nm. Ultra-thin sections showed that there are 2 or 3 virions in each bundle.
1990, 3(3): 299-300.
Abstract:
A pesticide, Furadan applied into the soil around the roots of the tree at a rate of 5~7 g per seedling, was used for controlling test on Pelochrista sp. in the newly planted eucalypt plantation. Other pesticides may also be used in solution of low concentration, insects must be moistened when spraying.
A pesticide, Furadan applied into the soil around the roots of the tree at a rate of 5~7 g per seedling, was used for controlling test on Pelochrista sp. in the newly planted eucalypt plantation. Other pesticides may also be used in solution of low concentration, insects must be moistened when spraying.
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