1993 Vol. 6, No. 3
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1993, 6(3): 235-241.
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Abstract:
Wood basic density and tracheid length of 22 loblolly pine provenances grown in Guangxi Province and Zhejiang Province and 8 slash pine provenances grown in Guangxi Province introduced from the U. S. and planted in 1984 were determined and analysed. There showed significant variations among different provenances and individual trees within the same provenances. However, the variation among trees was much more significant than that among provenances. Loblolly pine woods from different areas exhibited more significant variation than that from various provenances grown in the same area. The interaction of provenance × environment made significant effects on both basic density and trachcid length of loblolly pine, so did that of provenance × individual tree on basic density of the two pines. Generally no significant correlations were shown between growth rate and wood properties studied here. In the light of the comparison between the materials inrtroduced in 1984 and the references, the loblolly pine and slash pine introduced in earlier time and the local masson pine, it was found possible to obtain new materials of higher wood qualities from the newly introduced pines.
Wood basic density and tracheid length of 22 loblolly pine provenances grown in Guangxi Province and Zhejiang Province and 8 slash pine provenances grown in Guangxi Province introduced from the U. S. and planted in 1984 were determined and analysed. There showed significant variations among different provenances and individual trees within the same provenances. However, the variation among trees was much more significant than that among provenances. Loblolly pine woods from different areas exhibited more significant variation than that from various provenances grown in the same area. The interaction of provenance × environment made significant effects on both basic density and trachcid length of loblolly pine, so did that of provenance × individual tree on basic density of the two pines. Generally no significant correlations were shown between growth rate and wood properties studied here. In the light of the comparison between the materials inrtroduced in 1984 and the references, the loblolly pine and slash pine introduced in earlier time and the local masson pine, it was found possible to obtain new materials of higher wood qualities from the newly introduced pines.
1993, 6(3): 242-248.
Abstract:
Ten provenances of Eucalyptus tereticornis introduced from Australia were analyzed and evaluated for 6 growth traits five years after planting on the semi-arid area in southwestern Hainan Island. Variance and covariance analyses were estimated to determine heritability of traits and genetic correlation between traits. The results showed that there were highly significant differences in all traits measured and they exerted medium or stronger degrees of genetic control on provenance level (0.36~0.83). The clear bole height, index of typhoon resistance and tree height were apparently inherited. Highly phenotypic and genetic correlations were found among traits. Provenance selection based on principal component values of genetics was made: provenances from Queensland were better than those from New South Wales and Victoria; two superior performance provenances, 13443 from Kennedy River QLD and 13544 from North Gladstone QLD were selected. According to the hereditary stability analysis, the heritability was slowly decreasing with the increase in the age of the tree. Some profitable suggestions were also provided for further improvement in future.
Ten provenances of Eucalyptus tereticornis introduced from Australia were analyzed and evaluated for 6 growth traits five years after planting on the semi-arid area in southwestern Hainan Island. Variance and covariance analyses were estimated to determine heritability of traits and genetic correlation between traits. The results showed that there were highly significant differences in all traits measured and they exerted medium or stronger degrees of genetic control on provenance level (0.36~0.83). The clear bole height, index of typhoon resistance and tree height were apparently inherited. Highly phenotypic and genetic correlations were found among traits. Provenance selection based on principal component values of genetics was made: provenances from Queensland were better than those from New South Wales and Victoria; two superior performance provenances, 13443 from Kennedy River QLD and 13544 from North Gladstone QLD were selected. According to the hereditary stability analysis, the heritability was slowly decreasing with the increase in the age of the tree. Some profitable suggestions were also provided for further improvement in future.
1993, 6(3): 249-255.
Abstract:
Resistance of 23 pine species and 105 provenances of 5 pine species and 13 tree species of Pinaceae other than Pinus to pine wood nem-atode were determined. The resistance of 23 pine species varied greatly. Pinus taeda, P. banksiana, P. rigida were not infected. The resistance of P. massoniana was relevant to the seedling age, one-yr old seedlings of the pine were infected, but two-yr, four-yr old seedlings and ten-yr old tree were resistant. The resistance of different provenances of one pine species usually were not significant. Almost all of the trees other than Pinus were diseased except Cedrus deodara. Environmental conditions influence the resistance of pine host obviously. Low temperature was not favourable for disease development. The pathogenicities of pine wood nematode populations from different locations and pine species to the same pine species were different, and the difference among the nematode populations from different locations was more remarkable than that among the populations from different pine species in the same location. Inoculum density and pine mortality assume positive correlation. Besides, the resistance of Pinus masso-niana was discussed.
Resistance of 23 pine species and 105 provenances of 5 pine species and 13 tree species of Pinaceae other than Pinus to pine wood nem-atode were determined. The resistance of 23 pine species varied greatly. Pinus taeda, P. banksiana, P. rigida were not infected. The resistance of P. massoniana was relevant to the seedling age, one-yr old seedlings of the pine were infected, but two-yr, four-yr old seedlings and ten-yr old tree were resistant. The resistance of different provenances of one pine species usually were not significant. Almost all of the trees other than Pinus were diseased except Cedrus deodara. Environmental conditions influence the resistance of pine host obviously. Low temperature was not favourable for disease development. The pathogenicities of pine wood nematode populations from different locations and pine species to the same pine species were different, and the difference among the nematode populations from different locations was more remarkable than that among the populations from different pine species in the same location. Inoculum density and pine mortality assume positive correlation. Besides, the resistance of Pinus masso-niana was discussed.
1993, 6(3): 256-264.
Abstract:
The results of introducing the young tree of Taiwania ilousiana in northern plain of Jiangsu, hilly country in southern Jiangsu and in Fuyang County of Zhejiang Province are reported in this paper. It shows that the T. flousiana's ecoadaptability is comparatively high; it could grow at acid soil for an elevation of 500~700 m with pH 4.9-6.0 and alkaline (desalination) soil with pH 8~8.8. T. flousiana is tolerant of shade and sensitive to high temperature at young stage. It's seedlings are suceptible to frozen damage and fusicoccum blight, the capability of cold and disease resistance increases as it grows. The frozen damage will not happen when T. flousiana is 2-year old and the disease damage will not happen either after it's 3 years. The annual average growth of tree height and DBH of 4~5 years plantation comes up to or exceeds that in the origin. It is common that T. flousiana's growth is superior to that of Cunninghamia lanceolata in the same age, and its resistance to snow is obvious. Therefore, the introduction and utilization of T. ilousiana are promising.
The results of introducing the young tree of Taiwania ilousiana in northern plain of Jiangsu, hilly country in southern Jiangsu and in Fuyang County of Zhejiang Province are reported in this paper. It shows that the T. flousiana's ecoadaptability is comparatively high; it could grow at acid soil for an elevation of 500~700 m with pH 4.9-6.0 and alkaline (desalination) soil with pH 8~8.8. T. flousiana is tolerant of shade and sensitive to high temperature at young stage. It's seedlings are suceptible to frozen damage and fusicoccum blight, the capability of cold and disease resistance increases as it grows. The frozen damage will not happen when T. flousiana is 2-year old and the disease damage will not happen either after it's 3 years. The annual average growth of tree height and DBH of 4~5 years plantation comes up to or exceeds that in the origin. It is common that T. flousiana's growth is superior to that of Cunninghamia lanceolata in the same age, and its resistance to snow is obvious. Therefore, the introduction and utilization of T. ilousiana are promising.
1993, 6(3): 265-270.
Abstract:
This report describes fiber characteristics and chemical composition of Slash Pine (P. elliottii Engelm), Loblolly Pine (P. teada L.) planted indifferent areas, as well as of Masson Pine (P. massoniana Lamb.) for comparison. The wood of these 3 pines were treated by 3 different pulping processes, NSSC (neutral sulphite semi-chemical pulping), SCMP (semichemical mechanical pulping), and kraft pulping. The results showed that there was no obvious differences among the 3 pines in chemical composition and pulping characteristics if they were treated by the same pulping process. The NSSC pulp of all the 3 pines can be used to make kraft and wrapper of high strength and the SCMP pulp through bleaching to make daily paper, printing paper and other culture paper. The kraft pulp of the 3 pines can be used to make daily paper, other culture paper and kraft paper. The older trees exhibited better pulping characteristics. It can be concluded that Loblolly Pine and Slash Pine can be considered as qualified materials as masson pine for papermaking.
This report describes fiber characteristics and chemical composition of Slash Pine (P. elliottii Engelm), Loblolly Pine (P. teada L.) planted indifferent areas, as well as of Masson Pine (P. massoniana Lamb.) for comparison. The wood of these 3 pines were treated by 3 different pulping processes, NSSC (neutral sulphite semi-chemical pulping), SCMP (semichemical mechanical pulping), and kraft pulping. The results showed that there was no obvious differences among the 3 pines in chemical composition and pulping characteristics if they were treated by the same pulping process. The NSSC pulp of all the 3 pines can be used to make kraft and wrapper of high strength and the SCMP pulp through bleaching to make daily paper, printing paper and other culture paper. The kraft pulp of the 3 pines can be used to make daily paper, other culture paper and kraft paper. The older trees exhibited better pulping characteristics. It can be concluded that Loblolly Pine and Slash Pine can be considered as qualified materials as masson pine for papermaking.
1993, 6(3): 271-275.
Abstract:
The biological characteristics of Halyomorpha picus Fabricius and Erthesina fullo Thunberg were studied systematically from 1989 to 1991. The results show that in the central and southern part of Hebei Province, H. picus has 1~2 generations and E. fullo only 1 generation a year. Both of the stinkbugs are awaken from the early ten days of April to the middle ten days of June and began to overwinter from the late ten days of August to the late ten days of October. The average life span of the overwintered adult of H. picus is 301 days, that of E. fullo is 328.5 days and the first generation of H. picus 31.6 days. The hosts of the two stinkbugs are Paul-ownia spp., Pyrus bretschneideri Rchd., Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, Malus pumila Mill and Populus spp. etc. There is a great difference in population density in the same period with different hosts or in the same host with different period. As for the dispersal distance, H. picus can fly 2 km and E. Julio 3 km. And the amount of oviposition, life cycle, damage habit and natural parasitic insects, etc. were also studied. Based on the biological characteristics, new control method and integrated management were suggested.
The biological characteristics of Halyomorpha picus Fabricius and Erthesina fullo Thunberg were studied systematically from 1989 to 1991. The results show that in the central and southern part of Hebei Province, H. picus has 1~2 generations and E. fullo only 1 generation a year. Both of the stinkbugs are awaken from the early ten days of April to the middle ten days of June and began to overwinter from the late ten days of August to the late ten days of October. The average life span of the overwintered adult of H. picus is 301 days, that of E. fullo is 328.5 days and the first generation of H. picus 31.6 days. The hosts of the two stinkbugs are Paul-ownia spp., Pyrus bretschneideri Rchd., Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, Malus pumila Mill and Populus spp. etc. There is a great difference in population density in the same period with different hosts or in the same host with different period. As for the dispersal distance, H. picus can fly 2 km and E. Julio 3 km. And the amount of oviposition, life cycle, damage habit and natural parasitic insects, etc. were also studied. Based on the biological characteristics, new control method and integrated management were suggested.
1993, 6(3): 276-281.
Abstract:
The duration and age of Dendrblimus punctatus Walker vary greatly with the photoperiods experienced by the larvae during larval period. The larvae treated with longday cycles (L:D=15:9) in the earlier in-stars can develop into pupae in the 5th and 6th instar and their average larval duration is about one month, and there is no obvious variation between the durations no matter what photoperiods the larvae experienced in the later instars. But, the larvae exposed under shortday cycles (L:D=12:12) in the earlier instars can produce one or two more instars and their duration can exceed two months. The photoperiods in the later instars also exert important effect on the larval duration and age, longday cycles can curtail larval duration and shortday cycles can procrastinate larval period. However, the impact of short photoperiods in the later instars on larval duration and age depends on the photoperiods undergone by the larvae in the earlier instars. With the characteristic of oligopause, some of the larvae treated with the life-long short photoperiods can even pupate in the 10th instar and experience five-month larval period.
The duration and age of Dendrblimus punctatus Walker vary greatly with the photoperiods experienced by the larvae during larval period. The larvae treated with longday cycles (L:D=15:9) in the earlier in-stars can develop into pupae in the 5th and 6th instar and their average larval duration is about one month, and there is no obvious variation between the durations no matter what photoperiods the larvae experienced in the later instars. But, the larvae exposed under shortday cycles (L:D=12:12) in the earlier instars can produce one or two more instars and their duration can exceed two months. The photoperiods in the later instars also exert important effect on the larval duration and age, longday cycles can curtail larval duration and shortday cycles can procrastinate larval period. However, the impact of short photoperiods in the later instars on larval duration and age depends on the photoperiods undergone by the larvae in the earlier instars. With the characteristic of oligopause, some of the larvae treated with the life-long short photoperiods can even pupate in the 10th instar and experience five-month larval period.
1993, 6(3): 282-286.
Abstract:
There are twenty one species of forest insects belonging to nine genera of Thyrididae found in Jianfengling Forest Area, Hainan Island, among which only eighteen species of seven genera were ever recorded in the Iconographia Heterocerorum sinicorum I. Among them, Rhodoneura and Striglina are of dominant genera while Banisia myrususalis elaralis (Walker), Striglina scitaria Walker, S. cancellata Christoph and S. vialts Moore are of dominant species. Among the 21 species of window-winged moths, there is one new species, 9 species in China and 11 species in Hainan recorded for the first time. Judging from the populations, Thyrididae in Jianfengling is of small population. Its distribution is concentrated in the tropical mountain rain forest and the geographical distribution is mainly in the Oriental region.
There are twenty one species of forest insects belonging to nine genera of Thyrididae found in Jianfengling Forest Area, Hainan Island, among which only eighteen species of seven genera were ever recorded in the Iconographia Heterocerorum sinicorum I. Among them, Rhodoneura and Striglina are of dominant genera while Banisia myrususalis elaralis (Walker), Striglina scitaria Walker, S. cancellata Christoph and S. vialts Moore are of dominant species. Among the 21 species of window-winged moths, there is one new species, 9 species in China and 11 species in Hainan recorded for the first time. Judging from the populations, Thyrididae in Jianfengling is of small population. Its distribution is concentrated in the tropical mountain rain forest and the geographical distribution is mainly in the Oriental region.
1993, 6(3): 287-293.
Abstract:
Four single chemicals and six formulations were tested in laboratory. The results showed that (1) in controlling blue stain fungus (Bot-ryodiplodia theobromae Pat), TWP is the best one in the test and its toxic limit concentration is at 1%, (2) in controlling mixed moulds (Trichoderma lignorum, Penicillum citrinum and Aspergillus niger), TWP is as good as NaPCP or MECT (or ANTIBLU 3738 or TCMTB + MBT). To prevent blue stain and moulds on rubber wood, the chemical treatment and testing method were also discussed.
Four single chemicals and six formulations were tested in laboratory. The results showed that (1) in controlling blue stain fungus (Bot-ryodiplodia theobromae Pat), TWP is the best one in the test and its toxic limit concentration is at 1%, (2) in controlling mixed moulds (Trichoderma lignorum, Penicillum citrinum and Aspergillus niger), TWP is as good as NaPCP or MECT (or ANTIBLU 3738 or TCMTB + MBT). To prevent blue stain and moulds on rubber wood, the chemical treatment and testing method were also discussed.
1993, 6(3): 294-298.
Abstract:
During 1990~1991, in the nursery of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, leaf-plucking experiment of one-year-old Populus deltoides was conducted. The changing law of photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, stomatal resistance, main stem height growth rate and enlarging rate of leal area were observed, which proved the existance of over-compansation effect and expounded the characteristics of over-compensation effect in different growth stages, different leaf-plucking amount and different duration after leaf plucking.
During 1990~1991, in the nursery of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, leaf-plucking experiment of one-year-old Populus deltoides was conducted. The changing law of photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, stomatal resistance, main stem height growth rate and enlarging rate of leal area were observed, which proved the existance of over-compansation effect and expounded the characteristics of over-compensation effect in different growth stages, different leaf-plucking amount and different duration after leaf plucking.
1993, 6(3): 299-305.
Abstract:
The emblic is a wild economic tree species. It's necessary for us to improve its yield and quality to meet the need of processing and marketable value. The selection methods and goal of superior types are introduced. Main superior types selected in Fujian Province and other regions in recent years are listed also.
The emblic is a wild economic tree species. It's necessary for us to improve its yield and quality to meet the need of processing and marketable value. The selection methods and goal of superior types are introduced. Main superior types selected in Fujian Province and other regions in recent years are listed also.
1993, 6(3): 306-310.
Abstract:
The hard ensiform gall and hard egg-shaped gall are formed by hard ensiform gall aphid, Kaburagia rhusicola, and hard egg-shaped gall aphid, K.ovogallis respectively on the leaves of Punjab Sumac, Rhus punjab-ensis var. sinica. In order to get a high yeild of both gallnuts, a sufficient amount of overwintering hosts, some species of mosses, should be planted in the galinut woodland. In this paper, 2 new overwintering hosts, Hom-omallium connexum (Card.) Broth. (Hypnaceae) and Palamocladium macrostegium (Sull.et lesq.) Iwats. et Tak., (Brachytheciaceae) for both aphids are reported. Both of the mosses are ectohydric and epiphytic mosses on the rock or on the trunk, belonging to drought-enduring mosses. The population density of the aphids, which are parasitic on the mosses, shows that the H. connexum and P. macrostegium are both excellent overwintering hosts for the aphids. The Biological characteristics, cultivation techniques and field management for transplanting these 2 new overwintering hosts are also discussed in this paper.
The hard ensiform gall and hard egg-shaped gall are formed by hard ensiform gall aphid, Kaburagia rhusicola, and hard egg-shaped gall aphid, K.ovogallis respectively on the leaves of Punjab Sumac, Rhus punjab-ensis var. sinica. In order to get a high yeild of both gallnuts, a sufficient amount of overwintering hosts, some species of mosses, should be planted in the galinut woodland. In this paper, 2 new overwintering hosts, Hom-omallium connexum (Card.) Broth. (Hypnaceae) and Palamocladium macrostegium (Sull.et lesq.) Iwats. et Tak., (Brachytheciaceae) for both aphids are reported. Both of the mosses are ectohydric and epiphytic mosses on the rock or on the trunk, belonging to drought-enduring mosses. The population density of the aphids, which are parasitic on the mosses, shows that the H. connexum and P. macrostegium are both excellent overwintering hosts for the aphids. The Biological characteristics, cultivation techniques and field management for transplanting these 2 new overwintering hosts are also discussed in this paper.
1993, 6(3): 311-316.
Abstract:
The photosynthesis of five species of Camellia was investigeted. The results were as follows: (1) there were significant differences of photosynthetic rate existing among the species.(2) the highest photosynthetic rate in the tested species was 16 times as much as the lowest in April and 2.5 times in July respectively. (3) the daily-changing pattern of photosynthetic rate was similar in different species and showed a clear mid-day depression of photosynthesis. The yearly photosynthetic rate changes of these species could be classified as three different types. The content of chlorophyll had no significant relation to photosynthetic rate when leaves had fully developed. Not all stomas were closed after photosynthesis ceased roughly.
The photosynthesis of five species of Camellia was investigeted. The results were as follows: (1) there were significant differences of photosynthetic rate existing among the species.(2) the highest photosynthetic rate in the tested species was 16 times as much as the lowest in April and 2.5 times in July respectively. (3) the daily-changing pattern of photosynthetic rate was similar in different species and showed a clear mid-day depression of photosynthesis. The yearly photosynthetic rate changes of these species could be classified as three different types. The content of chlorophyll had no significant relation to photosynthetic rate when leaves had fully developed. Not all stomas were closed after photosynthesis ceased roughly.
1993, 6(3): 317-320.
Abstract:
To explore the early selection method for Poplars to resist the infection of Coryneum populinum Bres., a study was conducted in the seriously infected nursery of Dalinghe Forest Farm, Jin County, Liaoning Province. According to the incidence rate and index, a total number of 10 Poplar clones of heavily-infected, medium-infected and resistant ones were selected for in vitro culture. In petri dishes, the spreading leaves of the tissue-cultured Poplar clones were selected for inoculation. A drop of the spore suspension with a concentration of 2×104 spores/ml was dropped at both sides of the main veins of the leaves. Electron microscope and scanning electro-microscope were used periodically to observe the changes of the leaves. The results show:(1) these clones are sensitive to the inoculated fungus; (2) there is a big difference in disease-resistance among the differing clones, and the infection degree is in accordance with that in the field. After inoculation the tissue cultured clones of resistant ones in the field No. 1, 2 and 3 are not infected and their hyphae don't invade the inner tissue of the leaves either. Those of the medium-infected clones: No. 5 and 6, after inoculation, appear a few yellowish-brown spots, while those of the heavily-infected clones: No. 7, 8, 9 and 10 after inoculation appear brown necrogenous spots, and the young saplings wither. This illustrates that it's possible to use in vitro culture method to conduct early testing for disease resistance.
To explore the early selection method for Poplars to resist the infection of Coryneum populinum Bres., a study was conducted in the seriously infected nursery of Dalinghe Forest Farm, Jin County, Liaoning Province. According to the incidence rate and index, a total number of 10 Poplar clones of heavily-infected, medium-infected and resistant ones were selected for in vitro culture. In petri dishes, the spreading leaves of the tissue-cultured Poplar clones were selected for inoculation. A drop of the spore suspension with a concentration of 2×104 spores/ml was dropped at both sides of the main veins of the leaves. Electron microscope and scanning electro-microscope were used periodically to observe the changes of the leaves. The results show:(1) these clones are sensitive to the inoculated fungus; (2) there is a big difference in disease-resistance among the differing clones, and the infection degree is in accordance with that in the field. After inoculation the tissue cultured clones of resistant ones in the field No. 1, 2 and 3 are not infected and their hyphae don't invade the inner tissue of the leaves either. Those of the medium-infected clones: No. 5 and 6, after inoculation, appear a few yellowish-brown spots, while those of the heavily-infected clones: No. 7, 8, 9 and 10 after inoculation appear brown necrogenous spots, and the young saplings wither. This illustrates that it's possible to use in vitro culture method to conduct early testing for disease resistance.
1993, 6(3): 321-326.
Abstract:
The relationship of enzyme activities and chemical properties in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation in comparison with the broad-leaves forest were studied. The results indicated that: (1) there is a close correlation between enzyme activities and chemical properties of the soil of the plantation, a negative significant correlation between polyphenol oxidase activity and organic matter, total N, organic P, and a positive significant correlation between acid, neutral phosphatase,urease,invertase, catalase activities and various chemical properties of the soils. Soil enzyme activity might be used as indexes to characterize the status of soil fertility; (2) there is a significant correlation among the soil enzymes; (3) the transformation of some soil organic substances were only concerned with specific enzyme activities. (4) there is a significant difference of soil enzyme activities under different forests. Successive cropping of Cunninghamia lanceolata increased catalase, peroxidase activities and reduced polyphenol oxidase activity.
The relationship of enzyme activities and chemical properties in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation in comparison with the broad-leaves forest were studied. The results indicated that: (1) there is a close correlation between enzyme activities and chemical properties of the soil of the plantation, a negative significant correlation between polyphenol oxidase activity and organic matter, total N, organic P, and a positive significant correlation between acid, neutral phosphatase,urease,invertase, catalase activities and various chemical properties of the soils. Soil enzyme activity might be used as indexes to characterize the status of soil fertility; (2) there is a significant correlation among the soil enzymes; (3) the transformation of some soil organic substances were only concerned with specific enzyme activities. (4) there is a significant difference of soil enzyme activities under different forests. Successive cropping of Cunninghamia lanceolata increased catalase, peroxidase activities and reduced polyphenol oxidase activity.
1993, 6(3): 327-331.
Abstract:
Based on the flowering season data of the 57 provenance in Fuyang, Zhejiang, which was taken as one locality of national second all-distribution-area provenance tests, the male flower variation was reported. The experiment results suggested that there existed evident and stable variation in male flower trait between different seed sources, and the pollen amount of the northern zone was higher than that of the southern one. According to male flower amount and flower tree rates, 7 seed sources such as Nanzheng, Hongan, Xinxian etc. were selected as the high-yield proven ances.
Based on the flowering season data of the 57 provenance in Fuyang, Zhejiang, which was taken as one locality of national second all-distribution-area provenance tests, the male flower variation was reported. The experiment results suggested that there existed evident and stable variation in male flower trait between different seed sources, and the pollen amount of the northern zone was higher than that of the southern one. According to male flower amount and flower tree rates, 7 seed sources such as Nanzheng, Hongan, Xinxian etc. were selected as the high-yield proven ances.
1993, 6(3): 332-336.
Abstract:
In this paper, general data base process system (DBPS) is estblished, in which computer BASIC language and data base dBASE is combined. DBPS consists of a main module and five function modules, which can finish inquiry, transformation, statistics, replacement and printing for data base. Decomposition calculation of logic expression, relation expression and algebraic expression inputed from keyboard in the system with BASIC language is realized, and the problem of preservation of original records in statistics result is resolved by setting up virtual layer. So this system has the characteristics of strong function which is flexible and convenient in use.
In this paper, general data base process system (DBPS) is estblished, in which computer BASIC language and data base dBASE is combined. DBPS consists of a main module and five function modules, which can finish inquiry, transformation, statistics, replacement and printing for data base. Decomposition calculation of logic expression, relation expression and algebraic expression inputed from keyboard in the system with BASIC language is realized, and the problem of preservation of original records in statistics result is resolved by setting up virtual layer. So this system has the characteristics of strong function which is flexible and convenient in use.
1993, 6(3): 337-340.
Abstract:
A trial of completely randomized design was used to test the effect of methamidophos on the adults of Otidognathus davidis Fair., an insect of economic importance on bamboo shoots in China. Bamboo shoots were covered by nylon bags each containing five pairs of adults. High mortalities of adults were obtained from the treatments, and there were interactions between the height of bamboo shoots and the amount of the insecticide injected. Comparasions of control at different times showed a better result at adult stage than larvae stage in reducing damage by the insect.
A trial of completely randomized design was used to test the effect of methamidophos on the adults of Otidognathus davidis Fair., an insect of economic importance on bamboo shoots in China. Bamboo shoots were covered by nylon bags each containing five pairs of adults. High mortalities of adults were obtained from the treatments, and there were interactions between the height of bamboo shoots and the amount of the insecticide injected. Comparasions of control at different times showed a better result at adult stage than larvae stage in reducing damage by the insect.
1993, 6(3): 341-345.
Abstract:
Hypocala subsatura Guenée is a major pest damaging young plant of non-astringent type of Persimmon. Studies on its biology and control were carried out in Fuyang County, Zhejiang Province in 1990~ 1992. The paper describes the life history, law of distribution of eggs and feeding habit of larvae. This insect has 2 to 3 generations a year, overwintering with pupa in soil. The relationship between seedlings of different combinations of stock and scion of non-astringent type of Persimmon has been studied. Experimental result showed that to kill the larvae, spray of 1:1500 Fenvalerate was effective.
Hypocala subsatura Guenée is a major pest damaging young plant of non-astringent type of Persimmon. Studies on its biology and control were carried out in Fuyang County, Zhejiang Province in 1990~ 1992. The paper describes the life history, law of distribution of eggs and feeding habit of larvae. This insect has 2 to 3 generations a year, overwintering with pupa in soil. The relationship between seedlings of different combinations of stock and scion of non-astringent type of Persimmon has been studied. Experimental result showed that to kill the larvae, spray of 1:1500 Fenvalerate was effective.
1993, 6(3): 347-350.
Abstract:
This essay deals with the protein-feed resources of woody plants and their utilization in recent years, their chemical components and estimation of their nutritive and feeding value, their function in mixed feed industry as well as cultivating techniques for these plants. Three species, namely Cajanus cafan, Pueraria wallichii and Flemingia macrophylla are particularly proposed to be utilized to make up for feed shortage in Yunnan Province. Our research and suggestion in this field will certainly play an important role in promoting further development of feed industry and livestock husbandry.
This essay deals with the protein-feed resources of woody plants and their utilization in recent years, their chemical components and estimation of their nutritive and feeding value, their function in mixed feed industry as well as cultivating techniques for these plants. Three species, namely Cajanus cafan, Pueraria wallichii and Flemingia macrophylla are particularly proposed to be utilized to make up for feed shortage in Yunnan Province. Our research and suggestion in this field will certainly play an important role in promoting further development of feed industry and livestock husbandry.
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