1994 Vol. 7, No. 5
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1994, 7(5): 469-473.
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Abstract:
The genetic analysis was conducted by crossing experiments to use 5 strains of B.xylophilus from China,Japan,Canada and 5 strains of B.mucronatus from China,Japan,France.The results indicated that the two species of China might cross successfully,but the number of hybrids were limited and hardly fertile,so the two species were different in genetics.There was no difference in the strains of conspecies from China.When the two Chinese species were crossed with the strains of Japan,France,and Canada respectively,there was ovious difference in interspecific crossing and some difference in intraspecific crossing.The F1 generation females of interspecific hybridization had mucronate tails similar to B.mucronatus in reciprocal crossing.Back crossing of F1 hybrid females to their parent males were more difficult to produce progeny.The rate of deformations in hybrid adults ranged 10%～60%.Major deformations were no spicules in males and crooking of bodies in females and larvae.
The genetic analysis was conducted by crossing experiments to use 5 strains of B.xylophilus from China,Japan,Canada and 5 strains of B.mucronatus from China,Japan,France.The results indicated that the two species of China might cross successfully,but the number of hybrids were limited and hardly fertile,so the two species were different in genetics.There was no difference in the strains of conspecies from China.When the two Chinese species were crossed with the strains of Japan,France,and Canada respectively,there was ovious difference in interspecific crossing and some difference in intraspecific crossing.The F1 generation females of interspecific hybridization had mucronate tails similar to B.mucronatus in reciprocal crossing.Back crossing of F1 hybrid females to their parent males were more difficult to produce progeny.The rate of deformations in hybrid adults ranged 10%～60%.Major deformations were no spicules in males and crooking of bodies in females and larvae.
1994, 7(5): 475-480.
Abstract:
Gas exchanges of eight poplar clones were compared during the growing season in l992.Clonal and seasonal variations in leaf net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance,transpiration as well as the environmental factors(quantum,temperature,relative humidity etc.)were measured.There were significant difference(0.05 and 0.01 level)of Pn among clones from July to September,besides,through Duncan's multiple range test and correlation analysis,they were divided into three groups:the higher group of Pn was Populus×xiaozhuanica cv.‘Zhaolin-6,P.×xiaozhuanica cv.‘poplaris’,P.×xiaozhuanica cv.‘Chifengensis-34’,and P.×euramericana cv.‘Agethe F’(from 14.757 to 14.055μmol CO2 m-1s);the middle one was P.×xiaohei(13.264 μmol CO2 m-2s-1),and the lower one was P.×pseudo-simonii,P.×deltoides cv.‘Imperial’ and P.×euramericana.‘N3061’(from 12.369 to 11.773 μmol CO2m-2s-1).Among them,clones with the highest Pn,especially P.×xiaozhuanica‘Zhaolin-6’was highly effected by the light rather than the other ervironmental factors,therefore it was suitable for the cultivation in local areas.However,the others with the lowest Pn were limited by humility,vapor pressure,and even light.Therefore,the variations of Pn among clones from different sites and its limited factors were identified in the semi-arid areas.
Gas exchanges of eight poplar clones were compared during the growing season in l992.Clonal and seasonal variations in leaf net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance,transpiration as well as the environmental factors(quantum,temperature,relative humidity etc.)were measured.There were significant difference(0.05 and 0.01 level)of Pn among clones from July to September,besides,through Duncan's multiple range test and correlation analysis,they were divided into three groups:the higher group of Pn was Populus×xiaozhuanica cv.‘Zhaolin-6,P.×xiaozhuanica cv.‘poplaris’,P.×xiaozhuanica cv.‘Chifengensis-34’,and P.×euramericana cv.‘Agethe F’(from 14.757 to 14.055μmol CO2 m-1s);the middle one was P.×xiaohei(13.264 μmol CO2 m-2s-1),and the lower one was P.×pseudo-simonii,P.×deltoides cv.‘Imperial’ and P.×euramericana.‘N3061’(from 12.369 to 11.773 μmol CO2m-2s-1).Among them,clones with the highest Pn,especially P.×xiaozhuanica‘Zhaolin-6’was highly effected by the light rather than the other ervironmental factors,therefore it was suitable for the cultivation in local areas.However,the others with the lowest Pn were limited by humility,vapor pressure,and even light.Therefore,the variations of Pn among clones from different sites and its limited factors were identified in the semi-arid areas.
1994, 7(5): 481-487.
Abstract:
A provenance trial ofEucalyptus tereticornis with 15 provenances introduced from Australia has been carried out in eastern Hainan Island.The results show that there have been significant differences in tree height,DBH,timber volume,current survival rate,stem form and wind-resistance among the 5-year-old trees of the fifteen provenances. The provenances from Kennedy River, Queensland (13443)and MT. Gannet (13544)with height growth of 12.68m and 12.66 m respectively are the best ones. The provenance from Papua New Guinea(13418) with DBH growth of 9.05 cm is the best one. And the high latitude provenances from Wictoria(13303)is the worst one in growths of tree height,DBH and timber volume with 8.48 m,6.23 cm and 10.10m3/hm2 respectively. The growths of tree height,DBN and timber volume of the best provenances are respectively 149.35%,145.50% and 606.24% of that of the worst one.
A provenance trial ofEucalyptus tereticornis with 15 provenances introduced from Australia has been carried out in eastern Hainan Island.The results show that there have been significant differences in tree height,DBH,timber volume,current survival rate,stem form and wind-resistance among the 5-year-old trees of the fifteen provenances. The provenances from Kennedy River, Queensland (13443)and MT. Gannet (13544)with height growth of 12.68m and 12.66 m respectively are the best ones. The provenance from Papua New Guinea(13418) with DBH growth of 9.05 cm is the best one. And the high latitude provenances from Wictoria(13303)is the worst one in growths of tree height,DBH and timber volume with 8.48 m,6.23 cm and 10.10m3/hm2 respectively. The growths of tree height,DBN and timber volume of the best provenances are respectively 149.35%,145.50% and 606.24% of that of the worst one.
1994, 7(5): 488-491.
Abstract:
A number of bacteria had been isolated from different parts of poplar in Liaoning,Heilongjiang Province and Beijing City. About 60% of the bacteria strains showed ice nucleaticn activity under.5～6℃.Among them,the majority of the bacteria were isolated from the frozen bark of the poplars and most of them were INA bacteria,which could also be isolated from large canker lesions caused by Dotheorella gregaria Sacc.The overwintered one-year-old poplars were inoculated separately by Pseudomonas syringae isolated from the leaf or Erwinia herbicola isolated from large canker lesion. The freezing temperature of stems was tested under laboratorial simulation conditions. The stems inoculated by both of the INA bacteria suffered frost injury at -1.7℃ and -2.2℃ respectively,whereas the frozen state of the checks appeared at -4.6℃.The results showed that, INA bacteria were distributed widely in nprthern poplars. In the courses of frost injury,those INA bacteria exerted important effect on the formation of frozen barks.Probably they also have some influrences in the formation of large canker leslons.
A number of bacteria had been isolated from different parts of poplar in Liaoning,Heilongjiang Province and Beijing City. About 60% of the bacteria strains showed ice nucleaticn activity under.5～6℃.Among them,the majority of the bacteria were isolated from the frozen bark of the poplars and most of them were INA bacteria,which could also be isolated from large canker lesions caused by Dotheorella gregaria Sacc.The overwintered one-year-old poplars were inoculated separately by Pseudomonas syringae isolated from the leaf or Erwinia herbicola isolated from large canker lesion. The freezing temperature of stems was tested under laboratorial simulation conditions. The stems inoculated by both of the INA bacteria suffered frost injury at -1.7℃ and -2.2℃ respectively,whereas the frozen state of the checks appeared at -4.6℃.The results showed that, INA bacteria were distributed widely in nprthern poplars. In the courses of frost injury,those INA bacteria exerted important effect on the formation of frozen barks.Probably they also have some influrences in the formation of large canker leslons.
The Effect on the Nutrients of Preserved and Re-processed Shoots of Moso Bamboo by Different Methods
1994, 7(5): 492-497.
Abstract:
This paper dealt with the nutrient change of preserved and re-processed moso bamboo shoots which were similar in size and sampled from the same place at the same time.The results showed that the content of coarse protein,fifteen kinds of amino acids and trace elements were greatly influenced by different preserving and re-processing methods,in which the content of coarse protein and amino acids were significantly reduced in the preserved shoots by salt or sulphate, while amino acids were less reduced in preserved shoots by SM preservative solutions or canned shoots in clean water than that in the preserved and re-processed shoots by salt and sulphate. Besides the methods of SM preservation solution and canned shoots in clean water can keep shoots with better colour and taste and perfectly reaching the state of food hygienic standard.This shows that the preservation methods of using SM solutions and canned shoots in ciean water are successful.
This paper dealt with the nutrient change of preserved and re-processed moso bamboo shoots which were similar in size and sampled from the same place at the same time.The results showed that the content of coarse protein,fifteen kinds of amino acids and trace elements were greatly influenced by different preserving and re-processing methods,in which the content of coarse protein and amino acids were significantly reduced in the preserved shoots by salt or sulphate, while amino acids were less reduced in preserved shoots by SM preservative solutions or canned shoots in clean water than that in the preserved and re-processed shoots by salt and sulphate. Besides the methods of SM preservation solution and canned shoots in clean water can keep shoots with better colour and taste and perfectly reaching the state of food hygienic standard.This shows that the preservation methods of using SM solutions and canned shoots in ciean water are successful.
1994, 7(5): 498-505.
Abstract:
Acacia crassicarpa was introduced in 1985 to South China.8-year species trial of A.crassicarpa shows that it is a fast-growing tropical legume tree without serious insect and pest damage.It is a suitable tree species for pulp and timber plantation.It could be planted in the vast tropical and southern subtropical regions in China where the mean annual temperature ranges 21～24℃,mean annual rainfall 1000～2000mm without frost.The most suitable sites may be low hills,mountains and the coast sandy soils where typhoon damage is not serious.The most suitable seed sources of A.crassicarpa come from the low elevations of PNG.The MAI of height is 1.2～1.9 m and MAI of DBH is 1.7～2.9cm. It starts flowering and bearing fruit at age 4～5 year.1000 wt.of seeds is 22 g.A.crassicarpa is a tree with shallow root system whose root system concentrates on the upper 10～45 cm layer of the top soil.It is not wind resistant.The fresh leaves of A.crassicarpa contain 2.168% N,0.094% P,0.146% K,0,424% Ca,0.172% Mg.It can enrich soil because it is a nitrogen fixing species.
Acacia crassicarpa was introduced in 1985 to South China.8-year species trial of A.crassicarpa shows that it is a fast-growing tropical legume tree without serious insect and pest damage.It is a suitable tree species for pulp and timber plantation.It could be planted in the vast tropical and southern subtropical regions in China where the mean annual temperature ranges 21～24℃,mean annual rainfall 1000～2000mm without frost.The most suitable sites may be low hills,mountains and the coast sandy soils where typhoon damage is not serious.The most suitable seed sources of A.crassicarpa come from the low elevations of PNG.The MAI of height is 1.2～1.9 m and MAI of DBH is 1.7～2.9cm. It starts flowering and bearing fruit at age 4～5 year.1000 wt.of seeds is 22 g.A.crassicarpa is a tree with shallow root system whose root system concentrates on the upper 10～45 cm layer of the top soil.It is not wind resistant.The fresh leaves of A.crassicarpa contain 2.168% N,0.094% P,0.146% K,0,424% Ca,0.172% Mg.It can enrich soil because it is a nitrogen fixing species.
1994, 7(5): 506-511.
Abstract:
Making use of the actual runoff datum of 6 watersheds with vegetations of natural secondary shrubbery forest,IUH method was adopted to analyze the major factors which are influencing the amount of runoff in the Xishan Mountain, Beijing.And a prediction of the amount of runoff was made.The results showed that:IUH method can well be applied for small watershed;the natual secondary shrubbery forest posesses fine water supply capacity.When the forest coverage is above 40%,each 10% increase can decrease 4.6% of IUH high discharge,and prolong 9.3% of high discharge time.
Making use of the actual runoff datum of 6 watersheds with vegetations of natural secondary shrubbery forest,IUH method was adopted to analyze the major factors which are influencing the amount of runoff in the Xishan Mountain, Beijing.And a prediction of the amount of runoff was made.The results showed that:IUH method can well be applied for small watershed;the natual secondary shrubbery forest posesses fine water supply capacity.When the forest coverage is above 40%,each 10% increase can decrease 4.6% of IUH high discharge,and prolong 9.3% of high discharge time.
1994, 7(5): 512-518.
Abstract:
It is proved that the error of one-entry volume tables presently used in Yanbian District,Jilin Province mainly comes from the estimate error of the average heights in diameter classes. Three types of multi-entries height-diameter model,named self-adjusted height-diameter curves,are introduced in this paper. The mean height of basal area are measured while the diameter distribution is measured for one subcompartment(or plot). Height-diameter curve will be estimated from the mean height and diameter distribution,and then an one-entry volume model will be obtained. The results of the research show that the first choice of the type of height-diameter curves is the reduced hyperbolic type,H=Hm·D/[D+(Hm/Hg-1)Dg](1) where D-diameter of a tree,H-its estimated height,Hg-mean height of basal area,Dg-basal area average diameter,Hm-height limitation(parameter).The self-adjusted one-entry volume models corresponding to equation(1)are developed. The results show that the error of self-adjusted one-entry models is 50% less than that of the present one-entry volume tables used in Yanbian District.
It is proved that the error of one-entry volume tables presently used in Yanbian District,Jilin Province mainly comes from the estimate error of the average heights in diameter classes. Three types of multi-entries height-diameter model,named self-adjusted height-diameter curves,are introduced in this paper. The mean height of basal area are measured while the diameter distribution is measured for one subcompartment(or plot). Height-diameter curve will be estimated from the mean height and diameter distribution,and then an one-entry volume model will be obtained. The results of the research show that the first choice of the type of height-diameter curves is the reduced hyperbolic type,H=Hm·D/[D+(Hm/Hg-1)Dg](1) where D-diameter of a tree,H-its estimated height,Hg-mean height of basal area,Dg-basal area average diameter,Hm-height limitation(parameter).The self-adjusted one-entry volume models corresponding to equation(1)are developed. The results show that the error of self-adjusted one-entry models is 50% less than that of the present one-entry volume tables used in Yanbian District.
1994, 7(5): 519-524.
Abstract:
Hainan Island is situated in the southwest of Guangdong Province,and the north of South Sea(18°09'～29°11'N and 108°37'～111°04'E).It is the second big Island of about 33 600 square kilometres and largest tropical district in China. In the Island there are several forest vegetation types,abundant fauna and many plant species. There are 37 species of white in Hainan Island,of which 35 species have been collected by us and the other 2 species are estimated from other publications. The 37 species come from 13 genera. Many of them are typical species of Orient Region. 67.57 percent of the white are distributed in Orient Region. Most of the white species are distributed in tropical semi-deciduous monsoonforest,tropical evergreen monsoon forest and tropical mountain rain forest. In tropical,mountain rain forest,species of living beings are abundant,31 species of white have been collected,accounting for 83.78% of the total. 10 species of them are peculiar species in Asian tropical district,9 species of them are distributed in tropical mountain rain forest. The topmost appearance period of many white species are found in April～June every year.
Hainan Island is situated in the southwest of Guangdong Province,and the north of South Sea(18°09'～29°11'N and 108°37'～111°04'E).It is the second big Island of about 33 600 square kilometres and largest tropical district in China. In the Island there are several forest vegetation types,abundant fauna and many plant species. There are 37 species of white in Hainan Island,of which 35 species have been collected by us and the other 2 species are estimated from other publications. The 37 species come from 13 genera. Many of them are typical species of Orient Region. 67.57 percent of the white are distributed in Orient Region. Most of the white species are distributed in tropical semi-deciduous monsoonforest,tropical evergreen monsoon forest and tropical mountain rain forest. In tropical,mountain rain forest,species of living beings are abundant,31 species of white have been collected,accounting for 83.78% of the total. 10 species of them are peculiar species in Asian tropical district,9 species of them are distributed in tropical mountain rain forest. The topmost appearance period of many white species are found in April～June every year.
1994, 7(5): 525-530.
Abstract:
Based on the technique of small catchment and the measurement of integrated experiment,the nutrient tendency with the hydrological processes of rainfall,throughfall,stemflow and total runoff for 3 years were studied and analyzed at the regenerative forest of tropical mountain rain forest in Jianfengling,China. The results showed:(1)85.4 percent of annual precipitation was distributed in rainy reason May to October,15.1 percent of rainfall was intercepted by the forest canopy in rainy reason,19.7 percent of rainfall was intercepted by that in dry reason. 50 percent of annual rainfall was washed away by the total runoff. The system had marked a lag-phase on the runoff with the rainfall processes. (2)There was a close relation between tendency changing of the nutrient storage and hydrological changing,Main storage of hydrochemical matter was at rainy reason. Except Ca,annual nutrients input of the internal rainfall of forest could be increased by 1.5～18.7 times more than that of the precipitation,and main input by both distributed in the rainy season. (3)Except Si,annual accumulation of the nutrients in the catchment amounted to about 78 percent of the nutrient input amounts by rainfall,particularly Org. C,K,Ca and N. The accumulative order of elements in the catchment as follow:Org. CKCaNMgMnPAlSi. Analysis results displayed that the system not only had significance hydrologic benefit but also had store function of hydrochemical matter.
Based on the technique of small catchment and the measurement of integrated experiment,the nutrient tendency with the hydrological processes of rainfall,throughfall,stemflow and total runoff for 3 years were studied and analyzed at the regenerative forest of tropical mountain rain forest in Jianfengling,China. The results showed:(1)85.4 percent of annual precipitation was distributed in rainy reason May to October,15.1 percent of rainfall was intercepted by the forest canopy in rainy reason,19.7 percent of rainfall was intercepted by that in dry reason. 50 percent of annual rainfall was washed away by the total runoff. The system had marked a lag-phase on the runoff with the rainfall processes. (2)There was a close relation between tendency changing of the nutrient storage and hydrological changing,Main storage of hydrochemical matter was at rainy reason. Except Ca,annual nutrients input of the internal rainfall of forest could be increased by 1.5～18.7 times more than that of the precipitation,and main input by both distributed in the rainy season. (3)Except Si,annual accumulation of the nutrients in the catchment amounted to about 78 percent of the nutrient input amounts by rainfall,particularly Org. C,K,Ca and N. The accumulative order of elements in the catchment as follow:Org. CKCaNMgMnPAlSi. Analysis results displayed that the system not only had significance hydrologic benefit but also had store function of hydrochemical matter.
1994, 7(5): 531-536.
Abstract:
The 7×7 dialled analysis in F1 generation without reciprocals and selfed-parents in 10-year-old Chinese fir plantation revealed that the variances due to gca were highly significant for all the eight traits. The variances due to sca were also highly significant for three characters(compression strength parallel to grain,coefficient of radial shrinkage, fibre length).The estimated components of gca variances were higher in magnitude for most of the traits,indicating the predominance of additive gene action for these traits. The range of broad heritability for these eight wood traits was 0.13～0.86 and for narrow heritabilities 0～0.73. Parent Rong 5 of density,bending strength of wood and modulus of elasticity for bending strength,Parent Rong 1 for coefficient of radial shrinkage and compression strength parallel to grain, Parent Gao 37 for coefficient of tangential shrinkage and coefficient of volume shrinkage,Parent Qing 70 for fibre length were best general combiners respectively.The crosses Lian 5×Gao 37,Rong 1×Yan 11 for coefficient of radial shrinkage, the cross Rong 1×Rong 5 compression strength parallel to grain and the crosses Rong 1×Rong 5 and Qing 70×Gao 37 for fibre length were significant for heterosis.
The 7×7 dialled analysis in F1 generation without reciprocals and selfed-parents in 10-year-old Chinese fir plantation revealed that the variances due to gca were highly significant for all the eight traits. The variances due to sca were also highly significant for three characters(compression strength parallel to grain,coefficient of radial shrinkage, fibre length).The estimated components of gca variances were higher in magnitude for most of the traits,indicating the predominance of additive gene action for these traits. The range of broad heritability for these eight wood traits was 0.13～0.86 and for narrow heritabilities 0～0.73. Parent Rong 5 of density,bending strength of wood and modulus of elasticity for bending strength,Parent Rong 1 for coefficient of radial shrinkage and compression strength parallel to grain, Parent Gao 37 for coefficient of tangential shrinkage and coefficient of volume shrinkage,Parent Qing 70 for fibre length were best general combiners respectively.The crosses Lian 5×Gao 37,Rong 1×Yan 11 for coefficient of radial shrinkage, the cross Rong 1×Rong 5 compression strength parallel to grain and the crosses Rong 1×Rong 5 and Qing 70×Gao 37 for fibre length were significant for heterosis.
1994, 7(5): 537-541.
Abstract:
Three studies were conducted to look at the effects of tree age,felling system and number of reserved sprout on the sprout regeneration of Acacia auriculitormis in Qionghai county, Hainan Province.(1) Five plantations with the ages of 20,36, 48,60 and 72 months were cut at 60 cm stump height.Sprouting was most vigorous and consistent in young stands aging from 20 to 48 months. (2)Two felling systems(clear felling and felling with 50% trees removed)were involved in the coppicing experiment. There were no signifcant differences in stumps survival rate and number of coppice shoots produced per plant.(3)Comparison was made for the growth performance and biomass yield of three sprouting forests with 2,4 and all the sprouts per stump/plant reserved respectively. Results showed that the number of reserved sprouts had significant effects on the growth of diameter and height of 1.5 years old sprouting forests,but not on that of 4.5 years old.To maximize the biomass production,a thinning to the sprouts at about 6 months after cutting with 4 reserved sprouts per stump/plant is recommended.
Three studies were conducted to look at the effects of tree age,felling system and number of reserved sprout on the sprout regeneration of Acacia auriculitormis in Qionghai county, Hainan Province.(1) Five plantations with the ages of 20,36, 48,60 and 72 months were cut at 60 cm stump height.Sprouting was most vigorous and consistent in young stands aging from 20 to 48 months. (2)Two felling systems(clear felling and felling with 50% trees removed)were involved in the coppicing experiment. There were no signifcant differences in stumps survival rate and number of coppice shoots produced per plant.(3)Comparison was made for the growth performance and biomass yield of three sprouting forests with 2,4 and all the sprouts per stump/plant reserved respectively. Results showed that the number of reserved sprouts had significant effects on the growth of diameter and height of 1.5 years old sprouting forests,but not on that of 4.5 years old.To maximize the biomass production,a thinning to the sprouts at about 6 months after cutting with 4 reserved sprouts per stump/plant is recommended.
1994, 7(5): 542-549.
Abstract:
Analysis study on genotype and phenotype correlation of tree height,DBH,volume growth,stem form,bearing,resistance and survival rate of six groups of the national masson pine provenance trial stands was conducted in 13 provinces since 1976,and the results suggested that fine provenances could be selected on these traits. The volume data from two ali-distribution trails in three afforestation regions'nine sites indicated that there were evident interaction between provenances and afforestation regions or site types within afforestation regions,and significant provenances'correlation among sites. Provenances'stability and adaptability were studied with Wright's model and divided into different types. Provenances' survival rate and hard-resistance were studied and their correlations with latitude wereanalysed.In the integrated provenance selection by index for above-mentioned traits for the afforestation regions and site types,Nanling,Yunkaidashan,Daloushan and Wuyishan mountain areas were found as our country's main fine provenance regions. The provenance selection effects for different afforestation regions were very significant,while volume gains averaged 46.2%(the heighest 60%～110%)in both northern zone and eastern and central regions of central zone.
Analysis study on genotype and phenotype correlation of tree height,DBH,volume growth,stem form,bearing,resistance and survival rate of six groups of the national masson pine provenance trial stands was conducted in 13 provinces since 1976,and the results suggested that fine provenances could be selected on these traits. The volume data from two ali-distribution trails in three afforestation regions'nine sites indicated that there were evident interaction between provenances and afforestation regions or site types within afforestation regions,and significant provenances'correlation among sites. Provenances'stability and adaptability were studied with Wright's model and divided into different types. Provenances' survival rate and hard-resistance were studied and their correlations with latitude wereanalysed.In the integrated provenance selection by index for above-mentioned traits for the afforestation regions and site types,Nanling,Yunkaidashan,Daloushan and Wuyishan mountain areas were found as our country's main fine provenance regions. The provenance selection effects for different afforestation regions were very significant,while volume gains averaged 46.2%(the heighest 60%～110%)in both northern zone and eastern and central regions of central zone.
1994, 7(5): 550-554.
Abstract:
In the Chinese fir slasharea of the Xiashu Forest Experimental Centre,3 treatments of varied shading conditions (including full exposure,half shade and full shade) were conducted over the newly felling stumps in the late winter. From spring to early summer the sprouting processes of dormant buds were observed and the sprouted bud samples were collected for hormone analyses periodically. It was shown that the dormant buds on the stumps of Chinese fir began to sprout when the ground surface temperature rose up to around 20℃,and their sprouting amounts were closely related to the kinds and quantities of endogenous hormones within them. In all treatments the curves of GA3 contents in the sprouting buds collected on various dates were the single-peak curves of the same shape,only the time needed for the peak values to appear were different in different treatments.Nevertheless,in all treatments the peak values of GA3 content appeared at the time when the ground surface temperature reached 30.7～32.6℃,and were mainly in accordance with the dates when the daily sprouting amounts of bud in the treatments reached their peak points respectively. Thus it can be seen that GA3 exerted a great influence to break the dormancy of bud and to promote the continuous sprouting from the Chinese fir stump.ZT also play a part in facilitating the beginning of sprouting,while the contents of ABA and IAA were very low and unimportant for sprouting.
In the Chinese fir slasharea of the Xiashu Forest Experimental Centre,3 treatments of varied shading conditions (including full exposure,half shade and full shade) were conducted over the newly felling stumps in the late winter. From spring to early summer the sprouting processes of dormant buds were observed and the sprouted bud samples were collected for hormone analyses periodically. It was shown that the dormant buds on the stumps of Chinese fir began to sprout when the ground surface temperature rose up to around 20℃,and their sprouting amounts were closely related to the kinds and quantities of endogenous hormones within them. In all treatments the curves of GA3 contents in the sprouting buds collected on various dates were the single-peak curves of the same shape,only the time needed for the peak values to appear were different in different treatments.Nevertheless,in all treatments the peak values of GA3 content appeared at the time when the ground surface temperature reached 30.7～32.6℃,and were mainly in accordance with the dates when the daily sprouting amounts of bud in the treatments reached their peak points respectively. Thus it can be seen that GA3 exerted a great influence to break the dormancy of bud and to promote the continuous sprouting from the Chinese fir stump.ZT also play a part in facilitating the beginning of sprouting,while the contents of ABA and IAA were very low and unimportant for sprouting.
1994, 7(5): 555-560.
Abstract:
Study on the pollen germination rate(PGR)of 27 clones from a clonal seed or chard of Pinus massoniana was reported in this paper. Seven solution media were used for the culture to evaluate the effects of different clones(A),incubating media(B)and their interaction (A×B) on pollen viability.In addition,the correlation between pollen size and PGR was analyzed.The results are as follows:(1)the influences of A,B and A×B on PGR were all at the level of extreme significance(P0.01);(2)there was isgnificant correlation between the pollen size and its germination rate,but no enough evidence has been found to regard pollen size as an equivalent parameter of PGR;(3)the pollens studied could be divided into three types batsed on their PGR through robust princiole component analysis;(4)the solutions containing 5% glucose and 30～50 ppm boric acid allowed the pollens to germinate best. Some problems on pollen viability test were also discussed with some suggestions.
Study on the pollen germination rate(PGR)of 27 clones from a clonal seed or chard of Pinus massoniana was reported in this paper. Seven solution media were used for the culture to evaluate the effects of different clones(A),incubating media(B)and their interaction (A×B) on pollen viability.In addition,the correlation between pollen size and PGR was analyzed.The results are as follows:(1)the influences of A,B and A×B on PGR were all at the level of extreme significance(P0.01);(2)there was isgnificant correlation between the pollen size and its germination rate,but no enough evidence has been found to regard pollen size as an equivalent parameter of PGR;(3)the pollens studied could be divided into three types batsed on their PGR through robust princiole component analysis;(4)the solutions containing 5% glucose and 30～50 ppm boric acid allowed the pollens to germinate best. Some problems on pollen viability test were also discussed with some suggestions.
1994, 7(5): 561-566.
Abstract:
natural stands were selected respectively from 6 provinces in the main distributing regions of P. davidiana Dode and 20 trees were sampled randomly from each plot.5 among the 20 trees were cut for standard test of wood quality characteristics and the other 15 trees with the increment cores drilled out increment cores at DBH, which are used for contrast and supplemental test. The results of the analysis are as follows:(l)Both wood specific gravity and fiber length of cores agree with those dataum attained by the test of the felled trees. (2)Wood specific gravity and fiber length among annual ring groups of intra-tree are increasing with the increase of tree age,and conform to S curving line and Sanio regularity,whose variations are significant at 0.0l level. The maximum point of relative increasing rate of wood specific gravity and fiber length appear between 11a and 20a,6a and l5a,respectively.(3)Correlation of wood specific gravity of junenil-eadult is slightly different from that of fiber length.It is suggested that early selection of main wood quality characteristics should be carried out during 10～15a.
natural stands were selected respectively from 6 provinces in the main distributing regions of P. davidiana Dode and 20 trees were sampled randomly from each plot.5 among the 20 trees were cut for standard test of wood quality characteristics and the other 15 trees with the increment cores drilled out increment cores at DBH, which are used for contrast and supplemental test. The results of the analysis are as follows:(l)Both wood specific gravity and fiber length of cores agree with those dataum attained by the test of the felled trees. (2)Wood specific gravity and fiber length among annual ring groups of intra-tree are increasing with the increase of tree age,and conform to S curving line and Sanio regularity,whose variations are significant at 0.0l level. The maximum point of relative increasing rate of wood specific gravity and fiber length appear between 11a and 20a,6a and l5a,respectively.(3)Correlation of wood specific gravity of junenil-eadult is slightly different from that of fiber length.It is suggested that early selection of main wood quality characteristics should be carried out during 10～15a.
1994, 7(5): 567-569.
Abstract:
The paper reports a new record of polypore,Inonotus tamaricis,which is collected in Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing on Tamarix chinensis Lour. It cause white rot.The description and discussion of the related species are given.
The paper reports a new record of polypore,Inonotus tamaricis,which is collected in Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing on Tamarix chinensis Lour. It cause white rot.The description and discussion of the related species are given.
1994, 7(5): 569-573.
Abstract:
Using the Chinese data base of Foxbase 2.10+ Software,a system of information management has been established for studying the Chinese forests communities,in which the data are inputed with standardizational and numerical method,including vegetation type (subtype);community name;geographic location;altitude;soil type;sample area;community analysis talbe;life form;vertical layer structure and floral element etc. In this system,the data can be processed such as editting,retrivalling, qualificating,reordering,calculating and graphing etc. Especially to operate for plant species diversity analysis,the graph of community vertical structure and the color graphic analysis of life form spectrum and floral element.This system is of simple and fast operation. It is powerful information bases and analysis method for the macroscopic and systematic study of Chinese forest vegetation.
Using the Chinese data base of Foxbase 2.10+ Software,a system of information management has been established for studying the Chinese forests communities,in which the data are inputed with standardizational and numerical method,including vegetation type (subtype);community name;geographic location;altitude;soil type;sample area;community analysis talbe;life form;vertical layer structure and floral element etc. In this system,the data can be processed such as editting,retrivalling, qualificating,reordering,calculating and graphing etc. Especially to operate for plant species diversity analysis,the graph of community vertical structure and the color graphic analysis of life form spectrum and floral element.This system is of simple and fast operation. It is powerful information bases and analysis method for the macroscopic and systematic study of Chinese forest vegetation.
1994, 7(5): 574-578.
Abstract:
The crop and stomach contents of 5 silver pheasants(Lophura nycthemera fokiensis)and 3 white-necked long-tailed pheasants(Syrmaticus ellioti)were anaivsed in Nianzhu Forest Farm, Daganshan,Jiangxi Province in Nov. 1992 and Oct.1993. 25 species belonging to 17 families of plants were found, in which the majorty plants pecies belong to Fagaceae and Lauraceae(each includes 4 species),Gramineae the next(3 species).Piant is the most important component in the food composition computed in fresh or dry weight.According to the iniportant value of their food components,the most important food species for the white-necked long-taiied pheasant are arthropod,the seeds Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Creastanopsis scleropylla,the leaves of Disporopsis fuscopicta,for the silver pheasant are the seeds of C. sclerophylla, Loropetalum chinense,Adinandera melIettii,Randia cochinchiyiensis, Lophatherum gracile,the leaves of Rosa henryi and the insect of Ceracris kiangsu.
The crop and stomach contents of 5 silver pheasants(Lophura nycthemera fokiensis)and 3 white-necked long-tailed pheasants(Syrmaticus ellioti)were anaivsed in Nianzhu Forest Farm, Daganshan,Jiangxi Province in Nov. 1992 and Oct.1993. 25 species belonging to 17 families of plants were found, in which the majorty plants pecies belong to Fagaceae and Lauraceae(each includes 4 species),Gramineae the next(3 species).Piant is the most important component in the food composition computed in fresh or dry weight.According to the iniportant value of their food components,the most important food species for the white-necked long-taiied pheasant are arthropod,the seeds Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Creastanopsis scleropylla,the leaves of Disporopsis fuscopicta,for the silver pheasant are the seeds of C. sclerophylla, Loropetalum chinense,Adinandera melIettii,Randia cochinchiyiensis, Lophatherum gracile,the leaves of Rosa henryi and the insect of Ceracris kiangsu.
1994, 7(5): 579-584.
Abstract:
The application of airborne videography on detecting and monitoring insect and disease is a remote sensing tool,combines a high-quality Super-VHS video camera systemwith Global Positioning System (GPS)navigation,image processing and geographic information systems.Videography offers many advantages than the traditional methods of pest detection and monitoring.Video data can quickly be converted to a digital form for analysis and integration into an IPM environment.The further studies on detection and monitoring of the important Chinese pests,the pine caterpillar Dendrolimus punctatus and the pine nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,are underway in China, using the video equipment provided by USDA Forest Service.The value of airborne video will continuously be demonstrated in practice in China combining with the data from TM image.
The application of airborne videography on detecting and monitoring insect and disease is a remote sensing tool,combines a high-quality Super-VHS video camera systemwith Global Positioning System (GPS)navigation,image processing and geographic information systems.Videography offers many advantages than the traditional methods of pest detection and monitoring.Video data can quickly be converted to a digital form for analysis and integration into an IPM environment.The further studies on detection and monitoring of the important Chinese pests,the pine caterpillar Dendrolimus punctatus and the pine nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,are underway in China, using the video equipment provided by USDA Forest Service.The value of airborne video will continuously be demonstrated in practice in China combining with the data from TM image.
1994, 7(5): 585-588.
Abstract:
Study on the predation of wood pecker of the 8 species on insects in poplar plantation were conducted periodically.It was found that the predation rate of wood pecker to the larvae of Paranthrene tabaniformis,Clania variegata,Anoplophora glabripennis and Apriona germari was 14.6%～75.7%,64.7%,31.3%～35.6%, 37.3%,to the pupae of Cnidocampa flavescens and Cerura menciana 50.0%～8.6% and 70.0%～95.5%,to the egg and ootheca of Lymantria dispar and mantids 33.3%and 56.1%～68.8% respectively.Some nymphs could still emerge from the ootheca.
Study on the predation of wood pecker of the 8 species on insects in poplar plantation were conducted periodically.It was found that the predation rate of wood pecker to the larvae of Paranthrene tabaniformis,Clania variegata,Anoplophora glabripennis and Apriona germari was 14.6%～75.7%,64.7%,31.3%～35.6%, 37.3%,to the pupae of Cnidocampa flavescens and Cerura menciana 50.0%～8.6% and 70.0%～95.5%,to the egg and ootheca of Lymantria dispar and mantids 33.3%and 56.1%～68.8% respectively.Some nymphs could still emerge from the ootheca.
1994, 7(5): 589-591.
Abstract:
Experiment shows when the lervae of Apocheima cinerarius are fed with the tender leaves of Populus deltoides Bartr.cv.Lux,"Ⅰ-69/55",and the solutions of five micro-elements,Co,B,Mn,Zn,Ca,are sprayed on the leaves under the following conditions of constant temperature 22±1℃,L:D=18:6 and 55%～59% RH,threr is a significant influence upon not only the survival rate,life circle, body weight and pupation rate,but also the rate and time for the adult emergence after the cold treatment.It takes 14 to 18 d for the larval development, 26 or 22 d shorter than that in the forest.As for the pupal development it only takes 130 to 170 d,much shorter than that of 300 d in the forest.Through using this artificial method,A.cinerarius can be reared generation after generation in the lab in orderto obtain sufficient adults.
Experiment shows when the lervae of Apocheima cinerarius are fed with the tender leaves of Populus deltoides Bartr.cv.Lux,"Ⅰ-69/55",and the solutions of five micro-elements,Co,B,Mn,Zn,Ca,are sprayed on the leaves under the following conditions of constant temperature 22±1℃,L:D=18:6 and 55%～59% RH,threr is a significant influence upon not only the survival rate,life circle, body weight and pupation rate,but also the rate and time for the adult emergence after the cold treatment.It takes 14 to 18 d for the larval development, 26 or 22 d shorter than that in the forest.As for the pupal development it only takes 130 to 170 d,much shorter than that of 300 d in the forest.Through using this artificial method,A.cinerarius can be reared generation after generation in the lab in orderto obtain sufficient adults.
1994, 7(5): 592-593.
Abstract:
It is only known that a species of moss called Erythrodontium leptothallum(C.Muell.)Nag.which is also called Eurohypnum leptothallum(C.Muell.)Ando.is the winter host of Du-ensiform gall aphid,Kaburagia rhusicola Takagi.Six species of newly discovered winter hosts of the aphid are reported in this paper.they are Brachythecium populeum(Hedw.).S.G.,. albicans(Hedw.)B.S.G.,B yokohamae(Broth.)Broth.,Entodon angustifotius (Mitt.) Taeg.,E.compressus(He.)c.Muell.and Oxyrrhynchium savatiezi(Besch.)Broth.
It is only known that a species of moss called Erythrodontium leptothallum(C.Muell.)Nag.which is also called Eurohypnum leptothallum(C.Muell.)Ando.is the winter host of Du-ensiform gall aphid,Kaburagia rhusicola Takagi.Six species of newly discovered winter hosts of the aphid are reported in this paper.they are Brachythecium populeum(Hedw.).S.G.,. albicans(Hedw.)B.S.G.,B yokohamae(Broth.)Broth.,Entodon angustifotius (Mitt.) Taeg.,E.compressus(He.)c.Muell.and Oxyrrhynchium savatiezi(Besch.)Broth.
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