1996 Vol. 9, No. 4
Display Method:
1996, 9(4): 332-337.
[Abstract]
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Abstract:
This dissertation,applying the theory on water transport in soil water atmosphere continuum,develops a model of soil layered water balance of Agroforestry.This model has the main calculating methods of water factors in this model are: soil evaporation and plant transpiration,water uptake by roots of wheat and shelterbelt,water exchange between the soil layers,canopy rainfall interception.These theoretical data are obtained by numerical calculating method,and with experimental data of soil water content at 0～200cm depth.The results show:the developed model could be used to calculate the water uptake by roots,the evapo transpiration,and the extent that the shelterbelt exerts on the field soil water of shelterbelt and wheat.
This dissertation,applying the theory on water transport in soil water atmosphere continuum,develops a model of soil layered water balance of Agroforestry.This model has the main calculating methods of water factors in this model are: soil evaporation and plant transpiration,water uptake by roots of wheat and shelterbelt,water exchange between the soil layers,canopy rainfall interception.These theoretical data are obtained by numerical calculating method,and with experimental data of soil water content at 0～200cm depth.The results show:the developed model could be used to calculate the water uptake by roots,the evapo transpiration,and the extent that the shelterbelt exerts on the field soil water of shelterbelt and wheat.
1996, 9(4): 338-343.
Abstract:
During winter,the community structure and the dynamics of insects spiders and entomogenous fungi were investigated vertically from November,1992 to January,1993.The results showed that species numbers were in order:phytophagous groupspider groupparasitic grouppredatory groupentomogenous fungi.The individual numbers were in the order:phytophagous groupparasitic groupspiderspredatory groupinfected insect cadavers.The species number of phytophagous group accounted for 46.35% of the total species number.The individual number of phytophagous group accounted for 83.65% of the total individual number.The ratio of beneficial to pest organism species numbers was 1.16671 ,and the ratio of the beneficial to pest individual number was 0.19541.Within the tree layer,species numbers were the highest.The individual number in this layer accounted for 52.1% of the total individual number.In the soil layer ,species number and individual number were respectively the second,and the individual number accounted for 41.6% of the total individual number.The species and the individual number were all scarce in the dead soil covering layer,the shrub and herb layer.The entomogenous fungi were mainly distributed in the dead soil covering layer,tree layer and soil layer.The total individual number in November was bigger,that in December was the smallest and that in January was the biggest.It is helpful to enhance the overwintering incidence of the disease for the population of Dendrolimus punctatus .
During winter,the community structure and the dynamics of insects spiders and entomogenous fungi were investigated vertically from November,1992 to January,1993.The results showed that species numbers were in order:phytophagous groupspider groupparasitic grouppredatory groupentomogenous fungi.The individual numbers were in the order:phytophagous groupparasitic groupspiderspredatory groupinfected insect cadavers.The species number of phytophagous group accounted for 46.35% of the total species number.The individual number of phytophagous group accounted for 83.65% of the total individual number.The ratio of beneficial to pest organism species numbers was 1.16671 ,and the ratio of the beneficial to pest individual number was 0.19541.Within the tree layer,species numbers were the highest.The individual number in this layer accounted for 52.1% of the total individual number.In the soil layer ,species number and individual number were respectively the second,and the individual number accounted for 41.6% of the total individual number.The species and the individual number were all scarce in the dead soil covering layer,the shrub and herb layer.The entomogenous fungi were mainly distributed in the dead soil covering layer,tree layer and soil layer.The total individual number in November was bigger,that in December was the smallest and that in January was the biggest.It is helpful to enhance the overwintering incidence of the disease for the population of Dendrolimus punctatus .
1996, 9(4): 344-347.
Abstract:
Based on the expert system,taking the remote sensing spetrum classification as the basis and using the geography information system to draw various kinds of supplementary information,an applied study was made.Taking the segments as basic classification unit,further judgement was made for the categories of the spectrum classification with lower precision.This classification would be reclassified to raise its accuracy.The result shows it is an effective method in Xi County of Shanxi Province for the protection forest of Loess Plateau.
Based on the expert system,taking the remote sensing spetrum classification as the basis and using the geography information system to draw various kinds of supplementary information,an applied study was made.Taking the segments as basic classification unit,further judgement was made for the categories of the spectrum classification with lower precision.This classification would be reclassified to raise its accuracy.The result shows it is an effective method in Xi County of Shanxi Province for the protection forest of Loess Plateau.
1996, 9(4): 348-353.
Abstract:
Taking developing plywood as the main objective,the relationship between average individual tree volume i.B.and stand dominant height and between average individual tree volume i.B.and silviculture density on Ⅰ 69 poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr.cv.‘Lux’) plantation was studied.Taking selected silviculture density and stand dominant height as independent variable,fitted models of average individual tree volume i.B.V=a0Na1 H0a2 for the stand of respective stand age from 6 to 11.With the elasticity of production and marginal production analysis,the silviculture density effect and stand dominant height effect and the amount of the elasticity of production and the marginal production were studied.In addition,based on the effect models of the stand site and silviculture density,the stand volume effected by silviculture density,stand age and site index were also studied.The research indicated that when the I 69 poplar plantation was cultivated for plywood,silviculture density should be lowered down properly.The optimum silviculture density is 156 or 204 trees/ha.And when selecting the land be used for cultivation,the site index of the land should be equal to or more than 20 m in the region of the middle reaches and the lower reaches of the Changjiang River.
Taking developing plywood as the main objective,the relationship between average individual tree volume i.B.and stand dominant height and between average individual tree volume i.B.and silviculture density on Ⅰ 69 poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr.cv.‘Lux’) plantation was studied.Taking selected silviculture density and stand dominant height as independent variable,fitted models of average individual tree volume i.B.V=a0Na1 H0a2 for the stand of respective stand age from 6 to 11.With the elasticity of production and marginal production analysis,the silviculture density effect and stand dominant height effect and the amount of the elasticity of production and the marginal production were studied.In addition,based on the effect models of the stand site and silviculture density,the stand volume effected by silviculture density,stand age and site index were also studied.The research indicated that when the I 69 poplar plantation was cultivated for plywood,silviculture density should be lowered down properly.The optimum silviculture density is 156 or 204 trees/ha.And when selecting the land be used for cultivation,the site index of the land should be equal to or more than 20 m in the region of the middle reaches and the lower reaches of the Changjiang River.
1996, 9(4): 354-358.
Abstract:
The investigation results showed that intercropping increased litter accumulation on soil surface obviously.The amount of litter on the soil surface in plantations of rubber+ Alpinia villosum ,rubber+coffee and pure rubber plantation were 3653.5,2861.1 and 1934.3 kg/hm 2 respectively.Intercropping increased organic matter on soil surface,and in 0～5cm soil surface layer of the 3 plantations,the amount of organic matter were 44.303,32.905 and 26.840 g/kg respectively.In the 3 plantations,most of the humic acid is fulric acid.Intercropping with Alpinia villosum and coffee was suitable for the formation of humic acid.Intercropping improved soil properties,in the soil layer of 2～5 mm the stable granular structure of the soils in the 3 plantation were 30.89,13.66 and 12.13% respectively.Rubber trees intercropping with Alpinia villosum was the best to improve soil fertility.
The investigation results showed that intercropping increased litter accumulation on soil surface obviously.The amount of litter on the soil surface in plantations of rubber+ Alpinia villosum ,rubber+coffee and pure rubber plantation were 3653.5,2861.1 and 1934.3 kg/hm 2 respectively.Intercropping increased organic matter on soil surface,and in 0～5cm soil surface layer of the 3 plantations,the amount of organic matter were 44.303,32.905 and 26.840 g/kg respectively.In the 3 plantations,most of the humic acid is fulric acid.Intercropping with Alpinia villosum and coffee was suitable for the formation of humic acid.Intercropping improved soil properties,in the soil layer of 2～5 mm the stable granular structure of the soils in the 3 plantation were 30.89,13.66 and 12.13% respectively.Rubber trees intercropping with Alpinia villosum was the best to improve soil fertility.
1996, 9(4): 359-367.
Abstract:
Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn.ex Benth.is one of the important planting trees in barren hills of south China and south east Asia.There are siginificant differences in H (height),DBH (diameter breast high),V (volume),BL (bole length),BI (branch index) and SI (stem index) among the natural provenances.Provenance selection is necessary while good sites help them get higher products.Geographical variation is mainly effected by longitude.In the west of 142°56′E(i.e.the Great Dividing Ra),the superiority of growth and morphology of provenances is continously increased by the increase of longitude East of Greenwich.The provenances located in the east of 142°56′E are more superior than that in the west.Altitude only effects SI and BL in middle extent.There is no correlation between elevation,growth or morphological performance.25 natural provenances can be divided into five groups.The provenances from the south east coast of Queensland are the best.Index selection in consideration of the heritabilities and economic value of multi characters helps the genetic improvement to get good expected genetic gains of multi characters.Genetic gains in H,DBH and V of 8 good provenances selected by the rate of 30 percent are respectively 19.1～29.5 percent,18.8～29.5 percent and 85.3～125.0 percent,BI and SI will be reduced by 22.1～63.1 and 10.8～61.3 percent respectively.
Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn.ex Benth.is one of the important planting trees in barren hills of south China and south east Asia.There are siginificant differences in H (height),DBH (diameter breast high),V (volume),BL (bole length),BI (branch index) and SI (stem index) among the natural provenances.Provenance selection is necessary while good sites help them get higher products.Geographical variation is mainly effected by longitude.In the west of 142°56′E(i.e.the Great Dividing Ra),the superiority of growth and morphology of provenances is continously increased by the increase of longitude East of Greenwich.The provenances located in the east of 142°56′E are more superior than that in the west.Altitude only effects SI and BL in middle extent.There is no correlation between elevation,growth or morphological performance.25 natural provenances can be divided into five groups.The provenances from the south east coast of Queensland are the best.Index selection in consideration of the heritabilities and economic value of multi characters helps the genetic improvement to get good expected genetic gains of multi characters.Genetic gains in H,DBH and V of 8 good provenances selected by the rate of 30 percent are respectively 19.1～29.5 percent,18.8～29.5 percent and 85.3～125.0 percent,BI and SI will be reduced by 22.1～63.1 and 10.8～61.3 percent respectively.
1996, 9(4): 368-375.
Abstract:
Instantaneous responses of the rate of net photosynthesis ( Pn ),stomata conductance ( CS ),water use efficiency ( WUE ),CO2 compensation point ( Γ ),carboxylation efficiency ( CE ),and transpiration ( TR ) to CO2,were monitored at different temperature (25°,30°,35℃) and humidity (RH 30,50,70%) regimes,using leaves of water cultivated plants of four selected poplar clones: Populus simonii (Clone A),P.euramericana 28/86 (Clone B),P.popularis 44 (Clone C),and P.euromericana 25/86 (Clone D).It was shown that temperature and relative humidity could affect the instantaneous response to CO2 in Pn,Γ and WUE .There were significantly positive correlation between the Pn ,or the WUE ,and intercellular CO2 (Ci ).The CS adn TR ,however,were not significantly related to theCi in most of treatments.It may be inferred that the influences of temperature and relative humidity on the responses were mediated by modifying the biochemical process underlying the photosynthesis.
Instantaneous responses of the rate of net photosynthesis ( Pn ),stomata conductance ( CS ),water use efficiency ( WUE ),CO2 compensation point ( Γ ),carboxylation efficiency ( CE ),and transpiration ( TR ) to CO2,were monitored at different temperature (25°,30°,35℃) and humidity (RH 30,50,70%) regimes,using leaves of water cultivated plants of four selected poplar clones: Populus simonii (Clone A),P.euramericana 28/86 (Clone B),P.popularis 44 (Clone C),and P.euromericana 25/86 (Clone D).It was shown that temperature and relative humidity could affect the instantaneous response to CO2 in Pn,Γ and WUE .There were significantly positive correlation between the Pn ,or the WUE ,and intercellular CO2 (Ci ).The CS adn TR ,however,were not significantly related to theCi in most of treatments.It may be inferred that the influences of temperature and relative humidity on the responses were mediated by modifying the biochemical process underlying the photosynthesis.
1996, 9(4): 376-380.
Abstract:
Agenocimbex ulmusvora Yang is a newly discovered insect pest that causes severe damage to leaves of Chinese elm and White elm.The sawfly completes its life cycle in a year.The larvae enter the root regions of bushes and weeds,or the upper soil layer,then make cocoons.They oversummer and overwinter as prepupa.The prepupa occurs in the last ten days of March and the eclosion,copulation and oviposition happen in the first ten days of April.The larval stage lasts 32.28±2.27 d.The average feed intake for one larva is 25903.83± 6778.55 mm2.As the larvae mature in the last ten days of May,they crawl down from tree to make cocoons,oversummer and overwinter.The female lays its eggs mainly on leaves of small bushes or lower branches of the trees.The surface of the larvae is smooth and bare,so it is sensitive to chemicals.Good results can be achieved by control in a proper time.5% cypemethrin,2.5% deltamethrin (1;3000),80% dichlorvos or 90% crystal trichlorfon (1;800) can be used for effective control.
Agenocimbex ulmusvora Yang is a newly discovered insect pest that causes severe damage to leaves of Chinese elm and White elm.The sawfly completes its life cycle in a year.The larvae enter the root regions of bushes and weeds,or the upper soil layer,then make cocoons.They oversummer and overwinter as prepupa.The prepupa occurs in the last ten days of March and the eclosion,copulation and oviposition happen in the first ten days of April.The larval stage lasts 32.28±2.27 d.The average feed intake for one larva is 25903.83± 6778.55 mm2.As the larvae mature in the last ten days of May,they crawl down from tree to make cocoons,oversummer and overwinter.The female lays its eggs mainly on leaves of small bushes or lower branches of the trees.The surface of the larvae is smooth and bare,so it is sensitive to chemicals.Good results can be achieved by control in a proper time.5% cypemethrin,2.5% deltamethrin (1;3000),80% dichlorvos or 90% crystal trichlorfon (1;800) can be used for effective control.
1996, 9(4): 381-387.
Abstract:
The management,harvesting and regeneration etc.of tropical fuelwoods are discussed based on our research data and some references.It concludes a set of technique for their management which contains thining of coppice shoots (left 2～3 shoots per stump),fertilizer supplement (300 g composite fertilizers per shoot),rotation age (generally about 4 years,1.5～2 years for super short rotation age,about 3 years for harvesting Acacia in mixed forest),logging system (such as clear cutting and selective cutting),logging season (no logging in rainy season,winter the best and summer the better),stump height (about 10cm for Eucalyptus,60cm for Acacia),and other technological problems such as forest age,stump diameter and tree species etc.which are closely related to their regeneration.
The management,harvesting and regeneration etc.of tropical fuelwoods are discussed based on our research data and some references.It concludes a set of technique for their management which contains thining of coppice shoots (left 2～3 shoots per stump),fertilizer supplement (300 g composite fertilizers per shoot),rotation age (generally about 4 years,1.5～2 years for super short rotation age,about 3 years for harvesting Acacia in mixed forest),logging system (such as clear cutting and selective cutting),logging season (no logging in rainy season,winter the best and summer the better),stump height (about 10cm for Eucalyptus,60cm for Acacia),and other technological problems such as forest age,stump diameter and tree species etc.which are closely related to their regeneration.
1996, 9(4): 388-393.
Abstract:
The aphids cased in the bag can reproduce twice in three kinds of form without eating any food.The bags with holes are put on to the tree (of Rhus chinensis ) when the fundatrices emerge,the period of development of the aphid in the bag lasts from 21～48 d under the condition of house temperature.One of the main cause for the death of the aphid in the bag is squeezing and folding.The best time to hang the bags is within three days from the beginning of the emergence of the fundatrix.The result of the casing at the time when the 4th～6th juvenile leaves of host tree unfold are better than any other time.The emergence of the fundatrices may be controlled through adjusting the storage temperature.The stronger the branch,the more galls are made on more leaves.To hang the bags twice on one host tree can increase the number of the leaves with galls.
The aphids cased in the bag can reproduce twice in three kinds of form without eating any food.The bags with holes are put on to the tree (of Rhus chinensis ) when the fundatrices emerge,the period of development of the aphid in the bag lasts from 21～48 d under the condition of house temperature.One of the main cause for the death of the aphid in the bag is squeezing and folding.The best time to hang the bags is within three days from the beginning of the emergence of the fundatrix.The result of the casing at the time when the 4th～6th juvenile leaves of host tree unfold are better than any other time.The emergence of the fundatrices may be controlled through adjusting the storage temperature.The stronger the branch,the more galls are made on more leaves.To hang the bags twice on one host tree can increase the number of the leaves with galls.
1996, 9(4): 394-399.
Abstract:
Sarcodon imbricatus is a kind of wild edible fungi.This wild mushroom usually lives in mixed broadleaf conifer forest or broadleaf forest region where it is 2000～3000 m above sea level.The fruit bodies appear normally in autumn.Mycelia can be obtained by the method of tissue separation.Mycelia can live in several kinds of solid culture medium,among which PDA and YMA are better for growth.The growth rates of mycelia are 1.80cm per day and 1.77cm per day in PDA and YMA respectively.Mycelia live luxuriantly in temperature 25 and pH value 3 to 7.The shape of basidiospore is round and verucate.Basidiospores are not easy to germinate under artificial condition.
Sarcodon imbricatus is a kind of wild edible fungi.This wild mushroom usually lives in mixed broadleaf conifer forest or broadleaf forest region where it is 2000～3000 m above sea level.The fruit bodies appear normally in autumn.Mycelia can be obtained by the method of tissue separation.Mycelia can live in several kinds of solid culture medium,among which PDA and YMA are better for growth.The growth rates of mycelia are 1.80cm per day and 1.77cm per day in PDA and YMA respectively.Mycelia live luxuriantly in temperature 25 and pH value 3 to 7.The shape of basidiospore is round and verucate.Basidiospores are not easy to germinate under artificial condition.
1996, 9(4): 400-402.
Abstract:
The influential factors on extraction of flavonoids in kudzu vine's roots were systematically studied.The optimal extraction conditions of the flavone by ethanol were determined.Under that conditions,the content of flavonoids in extract was 2.60%.Qualitative analysis results showed that the main flavonoids were isoflavones.
The influential factors on extraction of flavonoids in kudzu vine's roots were systematically studied.The optimal extraction conditions of the flavone by ethanol were determined.Under that conditions,the content of flavonoids in extract was 2.60%.Qualitative analysis results showed that the main flavonoids were isoflavones.
1996, 9(4): 403-408.
Abstract:
Through investigations on the seedling growth in five permanent and two temporary nurseries,an analysis was made on the soil nutrition condition.The results indicate that the condition of the soil nutrient in the nurseries which had been cultivated with seedlings in 6 successive years were 2～3 times lower than that in the soil of the wasteland nearby.The seedlings of Burretiodendron hsienmu and Garcinia paucinervis grow well in the nurseries at lower altitude with lime soil.The seedlings of Tectona grandis,Michelia macclurei and Gmelina arborea are suitable to be cultivated in the nurseries at lower altitude with neutral soil.Paramichelia baillonii,Homalium hainanense,Illicium verum,Mytilaria laosensis,Castanopsis hystrixand Pinus massoniana grow well at the higher altitude nurseries with acid soil.The results after fertilization for seedlings show,that the fertilizer rate ofN24P0K20 is the best combination for the seedlings of broad leaf trees.The height,root diameter,above ground and underground biomass of the seedlings of Tsoongiodendron odorum after fertilization with N24P0K20 were raised by 56.8%,38.7%,107.4% and 108.6% respectively,and those of Erythrophleum fordii were increased by 7.2%,10.3%,12.3% and 12.1% respectively.For conifers,the fertilizer rate of N24P30K0 is the best one.The above ground and under ground biomass of the seedlings of Pinus elliotii were increased by 78.8% and 93.6% mor than those of the check,and for Pinus massoniana increased by 11.5% and 27.7% respectively.
Through investigations on the seedling growth in five permanent and two temporary nurseries,an analysis was made on the soil nutrition condition.The results indicate that the condition of the soil nutrient in the nurseries which had been cultivated with seedlings in 6 successive years were 2～3 times lower than that in the soil of the wasteland nearby.The seedlings of Burretiodendron hsienmu and Garcinia paucinervis grow well in the nurseries at lower altitude with lime soil.The seedlings of Tectona grandis,Michelia macclurei and Gmelina arborea are suitable to be cultivated in the nurseries at lower altitude with neutral soil.Paramichelia baillonii,Homalium hainanense,Illicium verum,Mytilaria laosensis,Castanopsis hystrixand Pinus massoniana grow well at the higher altitude nurseries with acid soil.The results after fertilization for seedlings show,that the fertilizer rate ofN24P0K20 is the best combination for the seedlings of broad leaf trees.The height,root diameter,above ground and underground biomass of the seedlings of Tsoongiodendron odorum after fertilization with N24P0K20 were raised by 56.8%,38.7%,107.4% and 108.6% respectively,and those of Erythrophleum fordii were increased by 7.2%,10.3%,12.3% and 12.1% respectively.For conifers,the fertilizer rate of N24P30K0 is the best one.The above ground and under ground biomass of the seedlings of Pinus elliotii were increased by 78.8% and 93.6% mor than those of the check,and for Pinus massoniana increased by 11.5% and 27.7% respectively.
1996, 9(4): 409-412.
Abstract:
Through experiment and Long term observation under natural condition on the pathogen′s numbers,loss of volume and disease index,the control index of Dothiorella gregaria canker of poplar was determined.The artificial inoculation and reinoculation results showed that the number of disease spots on stem,disease index and loss of volume were positively related to each other.For the 3～4 years old poplar when its DBH is over 3～4cm,the spots of disease is under 25 on stem,the disease index is 10,loss of volume is under 10%,which is the economic threshold for the saplings.When the spots on stem reach 50～75,the disease index is 20～30,loss of volume is 30%,managerial measures have to be adopted in some serious area.The spots on stem reach over 76～100,the disease index is 40～50,loss of volume is over 50%,large scale control must be carried out.
Through experiment and Long term observation under natural condition on the pathogen′s numbers,loss of volume and disease index,the control index of Dothiorella gregaria canker of poplar was determined.The artificial inoculation and reinoculation results showed that the number of disease spots on stem,disease index and loss of volume were positively related to each other.For the 3～4 years old poplar when its DBH is over 3～4cm,the spots of disease is under 25 on stem,the disease index is 10,loss of volume is under 10%,which is the economic threshold for the saplings.When the spots on stem reach 50～75,the disease index is 20～30,loss of volume is 30%,managerial measures have to be adopted in some serious area.The spots on stem reach over 76～100,the disease index is 40～50,loss of volume is over 50%,large scale control must be carried out.
1996, 9(4): 413-417.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the analyses on genetic variation of coppice shootsquantities in the vegetative propagation nursery and stump of two pieces progeny test planta-lion of Chinese fir.The results showed: there were highly significant differences among theseed source,families of the seed source and compoheritability were of over middle levd.Their geneticsition of coppicx shoots quantity.variation coefficients were betweenT heir37%~39%.The weight of genetic square was similar to that of the seed sourcx and family ofseed source.There were different correlation between coppice shoots quantity of stump andstump diameter with the increase of stump growth. There were differences in different cut-ting season. There were highly significant differences among clones of effectivee coppiceshoots quantity in vegetation propagation nursery for Chinese fir.There was strong repeatingability for the sprouting ability of clones.
This paper deals with the analyses on genetic variation of coppice shootsquantities in the vegetative propagation nursery and stump of two pieces progeny test planta-lion of Chinese fir.The results showed: there were highly significant differences among theseed source,families of the seed source and compoheritability were of over middle levd.Their geneticsition of coppicx shoots quantity.variation coefficients were betweenT heir37%~39%.The weight of genetic square was similar to that of the seed sourcx and family ofseed source.There were different correlation between coppice shoots quantity of stump andstump diameter with the increase of stump growth. There were differences in different cut-ting season. There were highly significant differences among clones of effectivee coppiceshoots quantity in vegetation propagation nursery for Chinese fir.There was strong repeatingability for the sprouting ability of clones.
1996, 9(4): 418-425.
Abstract:
Study and research on the site quality evaluation of three different geomor-phologie areas:mountainous are ,isolated area and hilly area,in Henyang of Hunan Provincewere condueted,totally 362 plots,362 dominant trees and sample trees for stem analysis.Screening through multivariate statistical analysis the guiding factors are: middle geomor-phy,form of slope,orientation of slope,open degree and thickness of soil humus and soil layerwhich impact the growth of Chinese fir.According to mid-eomorphy three different sitetype regions are divided,according to the position of slope three site type groups are differen-tinted as well as according to the form of slope and soil site types are determined.Site indext table is also produced to predict site productivity.Site quality productivity of overlap moun-tainous area is the highest,among which 35%of the area is covered by 14 and above 14 siteindex region,while isolated and hilly region only take up 3%~15%.Chinesefir should be lo-eally but not widely developed in hilly and isolated region.
Study and research on the site quality evaluation of three different geomor-phologie areas:mountainous are ,isolated area and hilly area,in Henyang of Hunan Provincewere condueted,totally 362 plots,362 dominant trees and sample trees for stem analysis.Screening through multivariate statistical analysis the guiding factors are: middle geomor-phy,form of slope,orientation of slope,open degree and thickness of soil humus and soil layerwhich impact the growth of Chinese fir.According to mid-eomorphy three different sitetype regions are divided,according to the position of slope three site type groups are differen-tinted as well as according to the form of slope and soil site types are determined.Site indext table is also produced to predict site productivity.Site quality productivity of overlap moun-tainous area is the highest,among which 35%of the area is covered by 14 and above 14 siteindex region,while isolated and hilly region only take up 3%~15%.Chinesefir should be lo-eally but not widely developed in hilly and isolated region.
1996, 9(4): 426-430.
Abstract:
The fertilization test,including seven treatments and three replicates,wasconducted in one-year-old Cunninghamia Lanceolata plantation on yellowed acid soil.Themain results showed: fertilization had some effects on the growth of young C. Lanceolata plantation,but the effect was not remarkable.Calcium magnesium phosphate,ammoniumphosphate,and calcium superphosphate had the same efficiency for tree.The effect of fertilizerapplied in ditch was better than that applied in hole.Fertilization can affect the biomass ofdifferent parts of the tree,the biggest effect was on the leaves,the second on trunk,the thirdon branches,and the last one on roots.The application of ammonium phosphate in ditch notonly had very notable effect on the growth of the leaves but also had marked effect on the total biomass of the tree.Covariance analysis showed that the height of the tree at the begin-ning of fertilization would disturb the growth response to fertilizer,especially for the heightthe same year the fertilizer was applied.
The fertilization test,including seven treatments and three replicates,wasconducted in one-year-old Cunninghamia Lanceolata plantation on yellowed acid soil.Themain results showed: fertilization had some effects on the growth of young C. Lanceolata plantation,but the effect was not remarkable.Calcium magnesium phosphate,ammoniumphosphate,and calcium superphosphate had the same efficiency for tree.The effect of fertilizerapplied in ditch was better than that applied in hole.Fertilization can affect the biomass ofdifferent parts of the tree,the biggest effect was on the leaves,the second on trunk,the thirdon branches,and the last one on roots.The application of ammonium phosphate in ditch notonly had very notable effect on the growth of the leaves but also had marked effect on the total biomass of the tree.Covariance analysis showed that the height of the tree at the begin-ning of fertilization would disturb the growth response to fertilizer,especially for the heightthe same year the fertilizer was applied.
1996, 9(4): 431-434.
Abstract:
During 1990～1992,the content of VC and the activity of VC oxidase (VCO)in different varieties of Paulownia spp.were tested.It shows that the VC content and the activity of VCO are obviously different in leaves of the resistant and susceptible varieties.In those varieties which show resistance to witches′ broom,its VC content is higher,and the activity of VCO is lower,on the contrary for the susceptible varieties,the VC content is lower and the activity of VCO is higher.Besides,significant difference can also be seen between healthy and diseased plants of the same varities,the VC content is higher and the activity of VCO is lower in the healthy plant than those in the diseased plant.It is snggested that VC plays an important role in the resistance to witches′ Broom of Paulownia spp.
During 1990～1992,the content of VC and the activity of VC oxidase (VCO)in different varieties of Paulownia spp.were tested.It shows that the VC content and the activity of VCO are obviously different in leaves of the resistant and susceptible varieties.In those varieties which show resistance to witches′ broom,its VC content is higher,and the activity of VCO is lower,on the contrary for the susceptible varieties,the VC content is lower and the activity of VCO is higher.Besides,significant difference can also be seen between healthy and diseased plants of the same varities,the VC content is higher and the activity of VCO is lower in the healthy plant than those in the diseased plant.It is snggested that VC plays an important role in the resistance to witches′ Broom of Paulownia spp.
1996, 9(4): 435-438.
Abstract:
The resistant and susceptible fruits of the oil tea camelliae were inoculated by anthracnose causing fungus ( Colletotricum camelliae Massee )and observations were made under scanning electron microscope and bright field microscope.The result showed that the germination time of conidia on the fruits surface of high resistant type were later than that on the high susceptible type,but the difference in the percentage of conidia germination between the two type was not evident.However the length of germ tubes seems to be contrary in relation to resistance after inoculation for twenty hours.The germ tubes grew toward the wound and infected the fruit surface of both types.The numbers of the conidia on the fruits surface of high resistant type seemed to be under control.
The resistant and susceptible fruits of the oil tea camelliae were inoculated by anthracnose causing fungus ( Colletotricum camelliae Massee )and observations were made under scanning electron microscope and bright field microscope.The result showed that the germination time of conidia on the fruits surface of high resistant type were later than that on the high susceptible type,but the difference in the percentage of conidia germination between the two type was not evident.However the length of germ tubes seems to be contrary in relation to resistance after inoculation for twenty hours.The germ tubes grew toward the wound and infected the fruit surface of both types.The numbers of the conidia on the fruits surface of high resistant type seemed to be under control.
1996, 9(4): 439-442.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the study on the chlorophyll content(Ch-C) and nitrate reductase (NR) activity in different developmental stages by comparing male sterile plant (MSP) with male fertile plant(MFP) of Cunninghamia lanceolate (Lamb.)Hook.The Ch-C of MSP is significantly higher than that of MFP on fertile soil; otherwise,it′s lower than that of MFP.The Ch-C of MSP declined with the decrease of soil fertility.Within the forest,the ratio of chlorophyll a and b of MSP is smaller than that of MFP.It shows that MSP is more tolerant than MFP .MSP is suitable to grow on more fertile soil.Before the second ten days of April,the NR activity of MSP is obviously weaker than that of MFP,showing that it has higher level of nitrogen fertilizer resistance.More fertilization may increase its Ch-C,and promote its growth.In nutritive growth stage,the NR activity of MSP is significantly higher than that of MFP,showing that MSP has higher ability of nitrate assimilation and grows fast.
This paper deals with the study on the chlorophyll content(Ch-C) and nitrate reductase (NR) activity in different developmental stages by comparing male sterile plant (MSP) with male fertile plant(MFP) of Cunninghamia lanceolate (Lamb.)Hook.The Ch-C of MSP is significantly higher than that of MFP on fertile soil; otherwise,it′s lower than that of MFP.The Ch-C of MSP declined with the decrease of soil fertility.Within the forest,the ratio of chlorophyll a and b of MSP is smaller than that of MFP.It shows that MSP is more tolerant than MFP .MSP is suitable to grow on more fertile soil.Before the second ten days of April,the NR activity of MSP is obviously weaker than that of MFP,showing that it has higher level of nitrogen fertilizer resistance.More fertilization may increase its Ch-C,and promote its growth.In nutritive growth stage,the NR activity of MSP is significantly higher than that of MFP,showing that MSP has higher ability of nitrate assimilation and grows fast.
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