1997 Vol. 10, No. 3
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1997, 10(3): 227-232.
[Abstract]
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Abstract:
The embryos, of the mature seeds of P.taeda L., P.elliottii E., P.serotina M., were used as experimental material. The explants were placed on modified GD medium(total salt 0.21%, total nitrogen 186 mg/L) suplemented with BAP for 3～4 weeks to induce swollen dark green callus, then the buds were found on embryos, cotyledon and hypocotyl.The rate of differentiation reached 75%～85%, and the concentration of BAP played an important part in the differentiation of adventiation buds of three pines, normally 3～5 mg/L is suitable.They were subcultured to medium containing activated charcoal, which is benefical to the growth of shoots.When the shoots grown to the length of 1.5 cm, they were planted on the rooting medium with 0.5 mg/L NAA for 15～20 days, and the white callus were visible.At this point they were transferred to the hormone free medium for 15～20 days to root, when the plantlets were planted in soil, 85%～90% of them have survived.
The embryos, of the mature seeds of P.taeda L., P.elliottii E., P.serotina M., were used as experimental material. The explants were placed on modified GD medium(total salt 0.21%, total nitrogen 186 mg/L) suplemented with BAP for 3～4 weeks to induce swollen dark green callus, then the buds were found on embryos, cotyledon and hypocotyl.The rate of differentiation reached 75%～85%, and the concentration of BAP played an important part in the differentiation of adventiation buds of three pines, normally 3～5 mg/L is suitable.They were subcultured to medium containing activated charcoal, which is benefical to the growth of shoots.When the shoots grown to the length of 1.5 cm, they were planted on the rooting medium with 0.5 mg/L NAA for 15～20 days, and the white callus were visible.At this point they were transferred to the hormone free medium for 15～20 days to root, when the plantlets were planted in soil, 85%～90% of them have survived.
1997, 10(3): 233-236.
Abstract:
Frankia strains from Casuarinaceae were tested for their infective specificity on other host.The results showed there were highly cross inoculation within genus Casuarina.The cross inoculation in the family Casuarinaceae were found by Frankia strains from Allocasuarina.All the Frankia strains from Casuarina and Allocasuarina are infective and effective on Hippophae rhamnoides but not on Allocasuarina littoralis (Salisb.) L.Johnson.
Frankia strains from Casuarinaceae were tested for their infective specificity on other host.The results showed there were highly cross inoculation within genus Casuarina.The cross inoculation in the family Casuarinaceae were found by Frankia strains from Allocasuarina.All the Frankia strains from Casuarina and Allocasuarina are infective and effective on Hippophae rhamnoides but not on Allocasuarina littoralis (Salisb.) L.Johnson.
1997, 10(3): 237-243.
Abstract:
There were great differences among different persimmon varieties and species for pollen size and pollen germination.The pollen germination rates for pollination variant of non astringent, Diospyros oleifera and D.lotus were greater than 40%, but lower for pollination constant of non astringent. Boron (5～20 mg/kg) greatly improved pollen germination rate.The storage period of fresh pollen in normal temperature range was from 5～10 days, but 15～20 days in normal temperature and dry condition, and over 30 days in cooler temperature and dry condition.Parthenocarpy capacity was poor for non astringent varieties and some astringent varieties, so pollen supplying trees are necessary to be planted in fruit gardens. Zenjiomaru variety was used as pollen trees which have middle flowering period.But Shougatsu variety has middle or later flowering period. The compatibility among species from persimmen genus was poor, but there were greater differences for fruit setting among varieties, with higher setting rate if Shougatsu was used as male parent tree. 5 superior male parent varieties were suggested.
There were great differences among different persimmon varieties and species for pollen size and pollen germination.The pollen germination rates for pollination variant of non astringent, Diospyros oleifera and D.lotus were greater than 40%, but lower for pollination constant of non astringent. Boron (5～20 mg/kg) greatly improved pollen germination rate.The storage period of fresh pollen in normal temperature range was from 5～10 days, but 15～20 days in normal temperature and dry condition, and over 30 days in cooler temperature and dry condition.Parthenocarpy capacity was poor for non astringent varieties and some astringent varieties, so pollen supplying trees are necessary to be planted in fruit gardens. Zenjiomaru variety was used as pollen trees which have middle flowering period.But Shougatsu variety has middle or later flowering period. The compatibility among species from persimmen genus was poor, but there were greater differences for fruit setting among varieties, with higher setting rate if Shougatsu was used as male parent tree. 5 superior male parent varieties were suggested.
1997, 10(3): 244-252.
Abstract:
Cupressaceae composed of 131 species and 33 varieties belonged to 21 genera, of which 32 species and 9 varieties from 7 genera are naturally distributed in China.About 52 species and 11 varieties of 5 genera have been introduced into China since 1900’s, however, only 25 species and 4 varieties of 2 genera have survived.Successful exotic species in China are mainly from genera Chamaecyparis, Cupressus and Juniperus. At present, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Ch. pisifera, Cupressus arizonica and C. lusitanica have become important plantation species in eastern subtropical zones. Juniperus viginiana has widely been planted in central and northern China.As ornamental species, J.procumbens and J.communis are excellent in northern cities, while Thuja occidentalis, Th.standishii. and Thujopsis dolabrata in the south for urban plantings.Two major problems for the conservation and utilization of the genetic resources of Cupressaceae are as follows:(1)little attention has been paid to the domestication of indigenous species, (2) narrow genetic bases of exotic species need to be brodened because a few seed sources of some species have been used in plantation forestry.
Cupressaceae composed of 131 species and 33 varieties belonged to 21 genera, of which 32 species and 9 varieties from 7 genera are naturally distributed in China.About 52 species and 11 varieties of 5 genera have been introduced into China since 1900’s, however, only 25 species and 4 varieties of 2 genera have survived.Successful exotic species in China are mainly from genera Chamaecyparis, Cupressus and Juniperus. At present, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Ch. pisifera, Cupressus arizonica and C. lusitanica have become important plantation species in eastern subtropical zones. Juniperus viginiana has widely been planted in central and northern China.As ornamental species, J.procumbens and J.communis are excellent in northern cities, while Thuja occidentalis, Th.standishii. and Thujopsis dolabrata in the south for urban plantings.Two major problems for the conservation and utilization of the genetic resources of Cupressaceae are as follows:(1)little attention has been paid to the domestication of indigenous species, (2) narrow genetic bases of exotic species need to be brodened because a few seed sources of some species have been used in plantation forestry.
1997, 10(3): 253-258.
Abstract:
The 3 provenance tests of 9a, 11a, 12a in Zhejiang Province, including 74 loblolly pine seed sources, were studied.Many variables of growth, yield, tree form and wood property showed there were more significant difference among provenances with above moderate heritability, the variation of stem dry weight was more significant than that of the other traits.There was complex relationship between the provenance variation of variables and the climatic factors and geographical position of seed sources.The intercorrelations between important traits were also diversified, every correlation coefficent of stem volume and dry weight was above 0.95, wood density were negatively correlated with growth and yield traits, and positively correlated with tree form traits.
The 3 provenance tests of 9a, 11a, 12a in Zhejiang Province, including 74 loblolly pine seed sources, were studied.Many variables of growth, yield, tree form and wood property showed there were more significant difference among provenances with above moderate heritability, the variation of stem dry weight was more significant than that of the other traits.There was complex relationship between the provenance variation of variables and the climatic factors and geographical position of seed sources.The intercorrelations between important traits were also diversified, every correlation coefficent of stem volume and dry weight was above 0.95, wood density were negatively correlated with growth and yield traits, and positively correlated with tree form traits.
1997, 10(3): 259-264.
Abstract:
Based on Schumacher height diameter relationship equation H=1.3+αe-b/D, this paper deals with how the parameters(a and b)vary with different stand conditions.Results show that the asymptotic parameter (a) is closely correlated with the dominant height (Hd).In the above equation: H=1.3+αe-b/D, parameter a may be taken the form as a=a1Hdb1, no other stand factor is necessary for being incorporated into.Then the universal height diameter curve is constructed H=1.3+a1Hdb1e-b/D. Further analyses show that parameters a1 and b2 are of no significant regional difference while parameter b is of significant regional difference.However, we may take the same value of parameter b in different regions for one tree species with lower but practically acceptable precision.
Based on Schumacher height diameter relationship equation H=1.3+αe-b/D, this paper deals with how the parameters(a and b)vary with different stand conditions.Results show that the asymptotic parameter (a) is closely correlated with the dominant height (Hd).In the above equation: H=1.3+αe-b/D, parameter a may be taken the form as a=a1Hdb1, no other stand factor is necessary for being incorporated into.Then the universal height diameter curve is constructed H=1.3+a1Hdb1e-b/D. Further analyses show that parameters a1 and b2 are of no significant regional difference while parameter b is of significant regional difference.However, we may take the same value of parameter b in different regions for one tree species with lower but practically acceptable precision.
1997, 10(3): 265-269.
Abstract:
After surface sterilization in the antibiotic solution of 0.002% actidion and 0.1% sulphostreptomycete, PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, were in the buffer of Tris HCl, 0.05M, pH7.2, for shaking incubation at 25℃ for 72 hours.Then the suspension was centrifugated at 1500 rpm for 5 min.The supernatant, in which there were secretions of PWN, was filtered through 0.22 μm millipore and precipitated proteins in 100% of the saturation (NH4)2SO4 solution.The sediments were dialysised in redistilled water and eventually dried to powder by freezing vaccum drier.The powder, which was used to detect enzymes in polyacrylamide electrophoresis gel with the dye staining methods of some enzymes, showed that there were cellulases(E.C.3.2.1.4), protease, peroxidase(E.C.3.2.1.4)and amylase(E.C.3.2.1.1) in the secretions of PWN.It is considered from the results that the enzymes mentioned above not only just the cellulase, but all of them possibly take part in the primary reaction of pine wilt disease caused by the nematode of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.
After surface sterilization in the antibiotic solution of 0.002% actidion and 0.1% sulphostreptomycete, PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, were in the buffer of Tris HCl, 0.05M, pH7.2, for shaking incubation at 25℃ for 72 hours.Then the suspension was centrifugated at 1500 rpm for 5 min.The supernatant, in which there were secretions of PWN, was filtered through 0.22 μm millipore and precipitated proteins in 100% of the saturation (NH4)2SO4 solution.The sediments were dialysised in redistilled water and eventually dried to powder by freezing vaccum drier.The powder, which was used to detect enzymes in polyacrylamide electrophoresis gel with the dye staining methods of some enzymes, showed that there were cellulases(E.C.3.2.1.4), protease, peroxidase(E.C.3.2.1.4)and amylase(E.C.3.2.1.1) in the secretions of PWN.It is considered from the results that the enzymes mentioned above not only just the cellulase, but all of them possibly take part in the primary reaction of pine wilt disease caused by the nematode of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.
1997, 10(3): 270-276.
Abstract:
The research work of using the techniques of airborne video to distinguish and orientate the damaged pine forests by pine caterpillars was conducted at three plots in Wuming County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region during December 1995 and April 1996.The high quality images whose ground resolutions were 2.01m, 1.50m, 1.01m and 0.50m were acquired by using a motor glider of a 3 seated airplane, GPS equipment, a video camera and video recorder. The image was processed by capturing the individual video frame, mosaicing the flight line frame pairs, preparing the ortho photoquad, selecting ground control points and warping the imagery to the ortho photoquad, and adjusting the contrast of the displayed brightness values of digital image with MIPS software (version 3.3) running on DOS environment in laboratory. The efficiency of processing image was improved by using auto capture function of MIPS to capture individual video frames and using the auto correlation feature of image to assist placing the tie point and mosaic the frame pairs.A satisfied result of warping image was reached by using the distinct ground characters as the ground control points (GCPS) to warp image.The results of warping image were not satisfactory in large area of forests, when 6 GCPS were failed to be found, and the main reason was the aircraft sensor had not been used.Two methods were used to adjust the image contrast, and the image information of damaged forests was stressed.The result also showed the damaged degree of pine forests was divided into 3 levels, that is over 90%, 90%～75% and 75%～50% of defoliation respectively.The damaged areas were precisely oriented by using distinct ground characters as GCPS to warp imagery. When the large forest area was monitored with the airborne video techniques, and much better distinction effect and higher orientation precision were needed, the GPS base station and the aircraft sensor are needed to be used.
The research work of using the techniques of airborne video to distinguish and orientate the damaged pine forests by pine caterpillars was conducted at three plots in Wuming County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region during December 1995 and April 1996.The high quality images whose ground resolutions were 2.01m, 1.50m, 1.01m and 0.50m were acquired by using a motor glider of a 3 seated airplane, GPS equipment, a video camera and video recorder. The image was processed by capturing the individual video frame, mosaicing the flight line frame pairs, preparing the ortho photoquad, selecting ground control points and warping the imagery to the ortho photoquad, and adjusting the contrast of the displayed brightness values of digital image with MIPS software (version 3.3) running on DOS environment in laboratory. The efficiency of processing image was improved by using auto capture function of MIPS to capture individual video frames and using the auto correlation feature of image to assist placing the tie point and mosaic the frame pairs.A satisfied result of warping image was reached by using the distinct ground characters as the ground control points (GCPS) to warp image.The results of warping image were not satisfactory in large area of forests, when 6 GCPS were failed to be found, and the main reason was the aircraft sensor had not been used.Two methods were used to adjust the image contrast, and the image information of damaged forests was stressed.The result also showed the damaged degree of pine forests was divided into 3 levels, that is over 90%, 90%～75% and 75%～50% of defoliation respectively.The damaged areas were precisely oriented by using distinct ground characters as GCPS to warp imagery. When the large forest area was monitored with the airborne video techniques, and much better distinction effect and higher orientation precision were needed, the GPS base station and the aircraft sensor are needed to be used.
1997, 10(3): 277-282.
Abstract:
Distribution of VAM fungus communities in different artificial forests consisted of 7 Eucalyptus species in Guangdong、Guangxi and Fujian Provinces were reported in the paper.26 species of VAM fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Eucalyptus trees belong to 4 genera: Glomus Acaulospora, Sclerocytis and Scutellospora. Among them 17 species (including unidentified species) in Glomus, 4 in Sclerocytis, 3 in Acaulospora and l in Scutellospora take respectively the ratios of 65.4%, 15.4%, 11.5% and 3.8% of the total VAM isolated.VAM fungi were examined in all soil samples in the survey. Glomus formosanum, Glomus geosporum, Acaulospora myriocarpa, Glomus verdiforme and Glomus sp.No.“23” were generally prevalent species in rhizospere of different Eucalyptus trees. Glomus formosanum and Glomus geosporum are impotant resources of VAM fungi in the Eucalyptus field in Guangdong and Guangxi respectively. Glomus mosseae which mainly distributed in alkaline soil in the north of China were also discovered in the weekly alkaline or alkaline soil in southern China.
Distribution of VAM fungus communities in different artificial forests consisted of 7 Eucalyptus species in Guangdong、Guangxi and Fujian Provinces were reported in the paper.26 species of VAM fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Eucalyptus trees belong to 4 genera: Glomus Acaulospora, Sclerocytis and Scutellospora. Among them 17 species (including unidentified species) in Glomus, 4 in Sclerocytis, 3 in Acaulospora and l in Scutellospora take respectively the ratios of 65.4%, 15.4%, 11.5% and 3.8% of the total VAM isolated.VAM fungi were examined in all soil samples in the survey. Glomus formosanum, Glomus geosporum, Acaulospora myriocarpa, Glomus verdiforme and Glomus sp.No.“23” were generally prevalent species in rhizospere of different Eucalyptus trees. Glomus formosanum and Glomus geosporum are impotant resources of VAM fungi in the Eucalyptus field in Guangdong and Guangxi respectively. Glomus mosseae which mainly distributed in alkaline soil in the north of China were also discovered in the weekly alkaline or alkaline soil in southern China.
1997, 10(3): 283-288.
Abstract:
This paper dealt with the hydrologic action of litter on main vegetation in Taihangshan Mountain.The results showed:in the process of water conservation by the forest, the litter can regulate and hold rainfall amount 2～5 mm, increase infiltration amount 21.3%～50.3%, decrease soil surface evaporation 222.0%, and decrease runoff silt content in the earth’s surface 11.5 kg/m3.
This paper dealt with the hydrologic action of litter on main vegetation in Taihangshan Mountain.The results showed:in the process of water conservation by the forest, the litter can regulate and hold rainfall amount 2～5 mm, increase infiltration amount 21.3%～50.3%, decrease soil surface evaporation 222.0%, and decrease runoff silt content in the earth’s surface 11.5 kg/m3.
1997, 10(3): 289-295.
Abstract:
This paper reports the results of a five year research on current annual increment response to fertilization in young Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation on the yellow red earth developed from granite in Fenyi County of Jiangxi Province.The effectiveness of N, P, K and its combined application was tangible in this young plantation.The total growth of height(H), diameter breast high(DBH), volume increment of whole woods V of treatment plots amounted to 5.67～6.59 m, 8.35～9.28 cm, 67.922～96.417 m3/hm2, which were 5.6%～20.2%, 7.4%～17.5%, 21.6%～56.2% over check(CK) plots respectively.And the current annual increment response was analyzed.The effect of 50 kg/hm2 P2O5 (Calcium magnesium phosphate) as half the amount as basal fertilization and the other half as top dressing at the third year time or once basal was the best, it’s current annual increment response was obvious in the first year of planting and lasted to the fifth year.The effect of the same application amount of N(Urea) as half the amount for top dressing for two times was better than that of once.The response of K (Potassium chloride) application appeared when it’s applied with lower amount for two times in two years.There was no obvious interaction response of the application of N, P, K.
This paper reports the results of a five year research on current annual increment response to fertilization in young Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation on the yellow red earth developed from granite in Fenyi County of Jiangxi Province.The effectiveness of N, P, K and its combined application was tangible in this young plantation.The total growth of height(H), diameter breast high(DBH), volume increment of whole woods V of treatment plots amounted to 5.67～6.59 m, 8.35～9.28 cm, 67.922～96.417 m3/hm2, which were 5.6%～20.2%, 7.4%～17.5%, 21.6%～56.2% over check(CK) plots respectively.And the current annual increment response was analyzed.The effect of 50 kg/hm2 P2O5 (Calcium magnesium phosphate) as half the amount as basal fertilization and the other half as top dressing at the third year time or once basal was the best, it’s current annual increment response was obvious in the first year of planting and lasted to the fifth year.The effect of the same application amount of N(Urea) as half the amount for top dressing for two times was better than that of once.The response of K (Potassium chloride) application appeared when it’s applied with lower amount for two times in two years.There was no obvious interaction response of the application of N, P, K.
1997, 10(3): 296-302.
Abstract:
The paper deals with seed collection period, seed sowing, seedling nursing techniques, seedling growth rhythm and essential environmental factors on Sonneratia carseolaris.The results have shown that July to August are the best period for the seed collection in Dongzhai Harbor of Hainan Province.Both sea mud and nutritive soil can be used for sowing bed, but the latter seedling height was 26.8% higher than that of the former before transplanting.The best container substrate is the mixed nutritive soil, on which, the seedlings grow very well and the seedling certified rate can reach to 98.4% when lifted from nursery, the sea mud that is short of phosphorus is the second, and the red soil that is short of nutriment is the third.The anaphase growth has evidently presented in the annual growth period of seedling height and basal diameter, and the growth rhythm can be analyzed by the equation Y(t)=1/(a+be-t).It has been revealed by using grey relation analysis method that the sea water saltness and rainfall are the essential environmental factors affecting the seedling growth.
The paper deals with seed collection period, seed sowing, seedling nursing techniques, seedling growth rhythm and essential environmental factors on Sonneratia carseolaris.The results have shown that July to August are the best period for the seed collection in Dongzhai Harbor of Hainan Province.Both sea mud and nutritive soil can be used for sowing bed, but the latter seedling height was 26.8% higher than that of the former before transplanting.The best container substrate is the mixed nutritive soil, on which, the seedlings grow very well and the seedling certified rate can reach to 98.4% when lifted from nursery, the sea mud that is short of phosphorus is the second, and the red soil that is short of nutriment is the third.The anaphase growth has evidently presented in the annual growth period of seedling height and basal diameter, and the growth rhythm can be analyzed by the equation Y(t)=1/(a+be-t).It has been revealed by using grey relation analysis method that the sea water saltness and rainfall are the essential environmental factors affecting the seedling growth.
1997, 10(3): 303-308.
Abstract:
Decomposition of leaf litter originating from Moso bamboo stands in five stand structure treatments with different stand density and different species component was measured at two trial sites over 104 weeks during 1993 to 1995.The mass loss rate can be expressed as the exponential function of decomposing time.The trial treatments have marked influences on the mass loss rate, which was higher in bamboo oak mixed stands and in pure bamboo stands of density 3015 culms·ha-1than in bamboo stands with other treatments.Patterns of N concentration change in decomposing leaf litter is very similar to that of P. They both increased during the whole decomposing process, by contraries, concentration of K、Ca and Mg decreased.No obvious effect of the different treatments was gotten on the dynamics of concentration of N、K and Mg.N was initially accumulated and lately released, while K、Ca and Mg were released from the decomposing leaf litter during the whole observation period.The release of N and P during the late stage was mainly caused by mass loss, but to K and Ca release, leaching is more important than mass loss, especially in the early stage of the decomposition.
Decomposition of leaf litter originating from Moso bamboo stands in five stand structure treatments with different stand density and different species component was measured at two trial sites over 104 weeks during 1993 to 1995.The mass loss rate can be expressed as the exponential function of decomposing time.The trial treatments have marked influences on the mass loss rate, which was higher in bamboo oak mixed stands and in pure bamboo stands of density 3015 culms·ha-1than in bamboo stands with other treatments.Patterns of N concentration change in decomposing leaf litter is very similar to that of P. They both increased during the whole decomposing process, by contraries, concentration of K、Ca and Mg decreased.No obvious effect of the different treatments was gotten on the dynamics of concentration of N、K and Mg.N was initially accumulated and lately released, while K、Ca and Mg were released from the decomposing leaf litter during the whole observation period.The release of N and P during the late stage was mainly caused by mass loss, but to K and Ca release, leaching is more important than mass loss, especially in the early stage of the decomposition.
1997, 10(3): 309-315.
Abstract:
The sites are divided into three types such as A, B and C according to the distribution of eucalypt plantations in Southern China. Type A includes coastal flatland, tableland and hilly land; Type B includes tableland, hill and low mountain; Type C is Yunnan and Guizhou plateau.More better methods of soil preparation are selected after comparing and analyzing the data on the sample plots of A, B and C sites. Tractor ploughing overall soil preparation is the main soil preparation method in type A; the tractor ploughing strip soil preparation after clearing stumps by tractor is a better method because of its reasonable cost and better benefit comparing to other methods; and tractor ploughing overall soil preparation after clearing stumps by hands is the best method because of its low cost and great economic effect.Spot soil preparation such as digging 80 cm×80 cm×50 cm holes could also obtain high yield in type A and type B.Ditch soil preparation is the selection for type C, and 60 cm×60 cm is the best ditch size in this experiment.
The sites are divided into three types such as A, B and C according to the distribution of eucalypt plantations in Southern China. Type A includes coastal flatland, tableland and hilly land; Type B includes tableland, hill and low mountain; Type C is Yunnan and Guizhou plateau.More better methods of soil preparation are selected after comparing and analyzing the data on the sample plots of A, B and C sites. Tractor ploughing overall soil preparation is the main soil preparation method in type A; the tractor ploughing strip soil preparation after clearing stumps by tractor is a better method because of its reasonable cost and better benefit comparing to other methods; and tractor ploughing overall soil preparation after clearing stumps by hands is the best method because of its low cost and great economic effect.Spot soil preparation such as digging 80 cm×80 cm×50 cm holes could also obtain high yield in type A and type B.Ditch soil preparation is the selection for type C, and 60 cm×60 cm is the best ditch size in this experiment.
1997, 10(3): 316-320.
Abstract:
Fatty acid components in cell membrane in paulownia mainly include:palmitic acid, linoleic acid, flax acid(about 87% of total fatty acid) and some palmmoleic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. DSFA was decreased by watering when there is light water stress in soil.And the DSFA is decreased by 2.04% when soil potential increased from -2.0 bar to -0.5 bar.The DSFA difference existed in the membrane between sensitive species and drought resistant species, and there is a slight difference in content of stearic acid and oil acid. DSFA is positively related with Mrc, and nagativly with SDW and Pm.
Fatty acid components in cell membrane in paulownia mainly include:palmitic acid, linoleic acid, flax acid(about 87% of total fatty acid) and some palmmoleic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. DSFA was decreased by watering when there is light water stress in soil.And the DSFA is decreased by 2.04% when soil potential increased from -2.0 bar to -0.5 bar.The DSFA difference existed in the membrane between sensitive species and drought resistant species, and there is a slight difference in content of stearic acid and oil acid. DSFA is positively related with Mrc, and nagativly with SDW and Pm.
1997, 10(3): 321-324.
Abstract:
The changes of soil nutrients content and their effect on the forest growth on the soil degraded by the successive crop of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) were investigated with the data from 48 sample plots in Liaoning and Heilongjing Province in 1995. The results showed that (1) The nutrient content in the soil of different crop plantation of Japanese larch is different.The nutrient content of available N, total N, organic matter of the second crop plantation is lower than that in the soil of first crop.(2) The amount of 3 kinds of microbes (bacteria, fungi, rag fungus) in the second crop plantation’s soil is lower than that in the first crop plantation’s soil.(3) The growth (D and H) of different crop plantations is different.Whether it’s 12 year old or 3 year old, the average tree height and DBH of the second crop reduced by 2%～10% and 6%～13% compared with those of the first crop plantation respectively.
The changes of soil nutrients content and their effect on the forest growth on the soil degraded by the successive crop of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) were investigated with the data from 48 sample plots in Liaoning and Heilongjing Province in 1995. The results showed that (1) The nutrient content in the soil of different crop plantation of Japanese larch is different.The nutrient content of available N, total N, organic matter of the second crop plantation is lower than that in the soil of first crop.(2) The amount of 3 kinds of microbes (bacteria, fungi, rag fungus) in the second crop plantation’s soil is lower than that in the first crop plantation’s soil.(3) The growth (D and H) of different crop plantations is different.Whether it’s 12 year old or 3 year old, the average tree height and DBH of the second crop reduced by 2%～10% and 6%～13% compared with those of the first crop plantation respectively.
1997, 10(3): 325-327.
Abstract:
Alphamethrin, Cyhalothrin, Fenpropathrin, Esfenvalerate, Monocrotophos, Phorate, Quinalphos, Chlorpyrifos, Methomy and Vydate, when diluted into water to 100× and soaked by cotton ball before stuffing caver trough, can kill the larvae of Anoplophora glabripennis at the average mortality of 95.30%, 94.10%, 94.58%, 92.95%, 91.03%, 85.55%, 78.88%, 73.88%, 74.30% and 71.10% respectively.Data analysis by LSR test show the differences are quite significant.
Alphamethrin, Cyhalothrin, Fenpropathrin, Esfenvalerate, Monocrotophos, Phorate, Quinalphos, Chlorpyrifos, Methomy and Vydate, when diluted into water to 100× and soaked by cotton ball before stuffing caver trough, can kill the larvae of Anoplophora glabripennis at the average mortality of 95.30%, 94.10%, 94.58%, 92.95%, 91.03%, 85.55%, 78.88%, 73.88%, 74.30% and 71.10% respectively.Data analysis by LSR test show the differences are quite significant.
1997, 10(3): 328-331.
Abstract:
Chilocorus bijugus causes severe damage to the 2nd instar of white wax insect, Ericerus pela, in Kunming.This paper describes its morph, bionomics and control method.The ladybird beetle has only one generation a year in Ligastrum ocutissimum woods.Its mean developmental period of each egg, 1st～4th instar larva and pupa is 9.2 d, 3.8 d, 4.1d, 4.5 d, 5.8 d and 11.1d respectively.An adult lays 202～815 (mean 423) eggs in about two months.A larva of the ladybird can predate above 2000 white wax insects, while an adult can do above 10000 in its life.
Chilocorus bijugus causes severe damage to the 2nd instar of white wax insect, Ericerus pela, in Kunming.This paper describes its morph, bionomics and control method.The ladybird beetle has only one generation a year in Ligastrum ocutissimum woods.Its mean developmental period of each egg, 1st～4th instar larva and pupa is 9.2 d, 3.8 d, 4.1d, 4.5 d, 5.8 d and 11.1d respectively.An adult lays 202～815 (mean 423) eggs in about two months.A larva of the ladybird can predate above 2000 white wax insects, while an adult can do above 10000 in its life.
1997, 10(3): 332-336.
Abstract:
In greenhouse, 7 nutrient treatments were conducted on latored soil (Ga) and humus latored soil (Bg), with Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden.The 7 treatments were CK(no nutrients, control), L(only lime), LP(=L+P), LZn(=L+Zn), LB(=L+B), LPZn(=L+P+Zn) and LPZnB(=L+P+Zn+B).The results showed that there were significant differences in seedlings heights(H), diameter( D0 ) and biomass production between the 7 treatments, and between the interactions of nutrients and soil type.Except(shoot+stem) or root biomass of LZn in Ga soil, and diameter of LZn or LB treatments in Bg soil, there were significant differences in other indexes(H, D0 and biomass) between 6 nutrient treatments and CK.In Ga soil, the H/D0 rates in whole treatments with P nutrient were all less than those of CK treatment;in the opposite, the rates in L, LZn and LB treatments were all more than those of CK treatment.In Bg soil, the H/D0 rates in whole treatments were all less than those of CK treatment.Based on H, D0, biomass above ground, root biomass and total biomass, by the Multiple Objective Strategic Decision Analysis methods, treatments were optimized and ordered from the excellent to the poor:LPZnLPZnBLPLLBLZnCK in Ga soil; LPZnBLPZnLPLLZnLBCK in Bg soil.When using the surface soil to grow Eucalyptus grandis seedlings, it is necessary to apply P, lime, lime+P, lime+P+Zn and/or B to soil.Finally, distribution relationships among different parts of biomass were described in the two types of soils.
In greenhouse, 7 nutrient treatments were conducted on latored soil (Ga) and humus latored soil (Bg), with Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden.The 7 treatments were CK(no nutrients, control), L(only lime), LP(=L+P), LZn(=L+Zn), LB(=L+B), LPZn(=L+P+Zn) and LPZnB(=L+P+Zn+B).The results showed that there were significant differences in seedlings heights(H), diameter( D0 ) and biomass production between the 7 treatments, and between the interactions of nutrients and soil type.Except(shoot+stem) or root biomass of LZn in Ga soil, and diameter of LZn or LB treatments in Bg soil, there were significant differences in other indexes(H, D0 and biomass) between 6 nutrient treatments and CK.In Ga soil, the H/D0 rates in whole treatments with P nutrient were all less than those of CK treatment;in the opposite, the rates in L, LZn and LB treatments were all more than those of CK treatment.In Bg soil, the H/D0 rates in whole treatments were all less than those of CK treatment.Based on H, D0, biomass above ground, root biomass and total biomass, by the Multiple Objective Strategic Decision Analysis methods, treatments were optimized and ordered from the excellent to the poor:LPZnLPZnBLPLLBLZnCK in Ga soil; LPZnBLPZnLPLLZnLBCK in Bg soil.When using the surface soil to grow Eucalyptus grandis seedlings, it is necessary to apply P, lime, lime+P, lime+P+Zn and/or B to soil.Finally, distribution relationships among different parts of biomass were described in the two types of soils.
1997, 10(3): 337-340.
Abstract:
The genetic-gain-test plantation located in Kaihua County of Zhejiang Province collected 34 Chinese fir improved varieties which were from 6 superior provenances, 18 good families, 2 better clones selected preliminarily in Zhejiang, 4 seedlots from first generation and 1.5-generation corresponding local clonal seed orchards (CSO), 3 superior provenances from the provenance seed orchard (PSO) in Kaihua County and a CK.The results for these plantations at age 5 showed that it is possible to acquire great genetic gains through provenance, family and clone selection.It was found that the real gains of the preliminarily selected clones and good families were the greatest (55.2%) among the improved varieties tested for volume at age 5.The average tree growth of the best family was 5.88 m in height, 10.1cm in DBH and 106.9% in volume over those of the CK.The real volume gains of 1.5-generation CSO, first generation CSO and superior provenances were 37.7%, 28.2% and 27.6% respectively.For the superior provenances from PSO, its stem volumes were 31.4% over CK (between first generation and 1.5-generation CSO).Among the improved varieties, the preliminarily selected clones and good families possessed the smallest phenotype variation coefficients and similar individual performance.This paper also puts forward some suggestions for the research, production and application of Chinese fir improved varities in Zhejiang.
The genetic-gain-test plantation located in Kaihua County of Zhejiang Province collected 34 Chinese fir improved varieties which were from 6 superior provenances, 18 good families, 2 better clones selected preliminarily in Zhejiang, 4 seedlots from first generation and 1.5-generation corresponding local clonal seed orchards (CSO), 3 superior provenances from the provenance seed orchard (PSO) in Kaihua County and a CK.The results for these plantations at age 5 showed that it is possible to acquire great genetic gains through provenance, family and clone selection.It was found that the real gains of the preliminarily selected clones and good families were the greatest (55.2%) among the improved varieties tested for volume at age 5.The average tree growth of the best family was 5.88 m in height, 10.1cm in DBH and 106.9% in volume over those of the CK.The real volume gains of 1.5-generation CSO, first generation CSO and superior provenances were 37.7%, 28.2% and 27.6% respectively.For the superior provenances from PSO, its stem volumes were 31.4% over CK (between first generation and 1.5-generation CSO).Among the improved varieties, the preliminarily selected clones and good families possessed the smallest phenotype variation coefficients and similar individual performance.This paper also puts forward some suggestions for the research, production and application of Chinese fir improved varities in Zhejiang.
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