1999 Vol. 12, No. 2
Display Method:
1999, 12(2): 111-117.
[Abstract]
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Abstract:
The objective of the study is to investigate QTLs associations with three quantitative traits(height,diameter and top closure)within 80 F2 seedlings of a cross between a Populus deltoides female and a P. cathayana male by using RAPD makers. Single-factor analysis of variance was used to determine the significance of difference among genotypic classes. Seven, six and three markers were respectively found to be associated with height,diameter and top closure,which jointly explained 45.94%,41.17% and 19.13% of the total phenotypic variance.Two-way analysis of variance was used to detect the significance of interaction between putative QTLs. Two interactions of three markers were found to be associated with height, and each explained 4.57% and 5.05% of the phenotypic variance respectively.One of the three markers was associated with height,diameter and top closure,one was associated with diameter and the other with top closure.
The objective of the study is to investigate QTLs associations with three quantitative traits(height,diameter and top closure)within 80 F2 seedlings of a cross between a Populus deltoides female and a P. cathayana male by using RAPD makers. Single-factor analysis of variance was used to determine the significance of difference among genotypic classes. Seven, six and three markers were respectively found to be associated with height,diameter and top closure,which jointly explained 45.94%,41.17% and 19.13% of the total phenotypic variance.Two-way analysis of variance was used to detect the significance of interaction between putative QTLs. Two interactions of three markers were found to be associated with height, and each explained 4.57% and 5.05% of the phenotypic variance respectively.One of the three markers was associated with height,diameter and top closure,one was associated with diameter and the other with top closure.
1999, 12(2): 118-126.
Abstract:
The infection process of Botryosphaeria dothidea in the bark of poplar and the response of poplar bark to the infection were studied. By the use of phenoamonia blue,the infected and response cells can be stained blue and thus differed from the normal cells. As the fungus progressed in the periderma,they were always intercelluse of mycothirum cells,cells 46 layers around can be affected and cytoplasima condensed into protrusions.After 40 days, phenoderma formed between the necotic tissues and normal cells,and the resistant poplar have a thicker new periderm than that of the susceptible one. Above all, the resistant poplar can form a boundary of stindark tyloses in the new periderm cells which may take the role as to restructed the hyphae from continued expansion. There is no such a boundary in the wounded but uninoculated controls. Ultrastructure study by electron micrographs showed that mycelium were abounded in the susceptible cultivars and always exist between cells or in the swollen and thickened or dissolved cell walls. In the cells of resistant poplars,a kind of electron dense, hairlike,crystal deposit were formed.
The infection process of Botryosphaeria dothidea in the bark of poplar and the response of poplar bark to the infection were studied. By the use of phenoamonia blue,the infected and response cells can be stained blue and thus differed from the normal cells. As the fungus progressed in the periderma,they were always intercelluse of mycothirum cells,cells 46 layers around can be affected and cytoplasima condensed into protrusions.After 40 days, phenoderma formed between the necotic tissues and normal cells,and the resistant poplar have a thicker new periderm than that of the susceptible one. Above all, the resistant poplar can form a boundary of stindark tyloses in the new periderm cells which may take the role as to restructed the hyphae from continued expansion. There is no such a boundary in the wounded but uninoculated controls. Ultrastructure study by electron micrographs showed that mycelium were abounded in the susceptible cultivars and always exist between cells or in the swollen and thickened or dissolved cell walls. In the cells of resistant poplars,a kind of electron dense, hairlike,crystal deposit were formed.
1999, 12(2): 127-131.
Abstract:
The fertilizer trial of young clone plantation for Eucalyptus urophylla has been established at Zhenghai Forest Farm in Kaiping of Guangdong Province.The results of trial at 4.5 year-old have showed that there are significant differences on growth among eight fertilizer treatments.Especially in No.4 treatment(N75P200K50),its superior to that of the other seven treatments of fertilizer with the mean height of 15.23 m,mean DBH of 11.07 cm,and volume of 107.5 m3·hm-2.There are significant differences between eight fertilizer treatments and the control treatment(no fertilizer).The mean height,mean DBH and volume per hectare of the best fertilizer treatment of N75P200K50 are respectively 1.3,1.65 and 3.1 times that of the control treatment(no fertilizer). The fertilizer treatment of N75P200K50 also has the best economic benefit with a ratio for input and output of 1 to 2.2 and a NPV of 25.96%.
The fertilizer trial of young clone plantation for Eucalyptus urophylla has been established at Zhenghai Forest Farm in Kaiping of Guangdong Province.The results of trial at 4.5 year-old have showed that there are significant differences on growth among eight fertilizer treatments.Especially in No.4 treatment(N75P200K50),its superior to that of the other seven treatments of fertilizer with the mean height of 15.23 m,mean DBH of 11.07 cm,and volume of 107.5 m3·hm-2.There are significant differences between eight fertilizer treatments and the control treatment(no fertilizer).The mean height,mean DBH and volume per hectare of the best fertilizer treatment of N75P200K50 are respectively 1.3,1.65 and 3.1 times that of the control treatment(no fertilizer). The fertilizer treatment of N75P200K50 also has the best economic benefit with a ratio for input and output of 1 to 2.2 and a NPV of 25.96%.
1999, 12(2): 132-138.
Abstract:
The data from a masson pine progeny test with 139 open-pollinated families was used to study inheritance and variation of growth and female/male flower amount and predicate breeding value of families and individuals within families.The results show that there are significant differences in height,DBH and female/male flower amount between the families at age five.The growth of most families tested are greater than those of the two controls.Family heritabilities of the traits were found to be higher and the individual heritabilities lower.Female/male flower amount was under nearly the same genetic control as growth traits.The genetic correlation analysis indicates that flowering traits seem to be independent of growth.Using best linear predication approach,the selection index equations for parent selection and family and within family selection are established with prediction precision of 0.652 2 and 0.421 5 respectively.The selection index equations,which could be used repeatedly to predicate the breeding value of each family and each individual tree,are the scientific basis for removing the rogue in the seedling seed orchard.Finally the principle about roguing and thinning in seedling seed orchard was discussed.
The data from a masson pine progeny test with 139 open-pollinated families was used to study inheritance and variation of growth and female/male flower amount and predicate breeding value of families and individuals within families.The results show that there are significant differences in height,DBH and female/male flower amount between the families at age five.The growth of most families tested are greater than those of the two controls.Family heritabilities of the traits were found to be higher and the individual heritabilities lower.Female/male flower amount was under nearly the same genetic control as growth traits.The genetic correlation analysis indicates that flowering traits seem to be independent of growth.Using best linear predication approach,the selection index equations for parent selection and family and within family selection are established with prediction precision of 0.652 2 and 0.421 5 respectively.The selection index equations,which could be used repeatedly to predicate the breeding value of each family and each individual tree,are the scientific basis for removing the rogue in the seedling seed orchard.Finally the principle about roguing and thinning in seedling seed orchard was discussed.
1999, 12(2): 139-145.
Abstract:
This paper summarized the benefits of three agroforestry systems in tropical area of China. The systems are the endemic species Homalium hainanense plantation intercropping medicine plant Alpinia oxyphylla and coffee, Gmelina hainanensis plantation intercropping A. oxyphylla. The results indicated that the growth of the plantation was promoted after inter-cropped the economic plants. For contrasting with the control sites,the growth rates of tree DBH,timber volume and biomass on the inter-cropped sites were higher over 43%~134%,18%~81% and 5%~86% than those on the control sites,respectively. The net accumulation values of biomass on the inter-cropped sites were 9.53~15.23 t·hm-2·a-1,and these were 1.6~5.1 times of that on control sites. The utilizing rates to solar energy of the systems were also 1.94~5.04 times of the control sites and were up to 0.78%~1.26%. The agroforestry systems po la ssessed a high economic benefit with 18700~30400 Yuan RMB·hm-2·a-1 and were 5.26~9.82times of that of the control sites. The ratio for input and output values of the systems were higher to 12.93~14.17.
This paper summarized the benefits of three agroforestry systems in tropical area of China. The systems are the endemic species Homalium hainanense plantation intercropping medicine plant Alpinia oxyphylla and coffee, Gmelina hainanensis plantation intercropping A. oxyphylla. The results indicated that the growth of the plantation was promoted after inter-cropped the economic plants. For contrasting with the control sites,the growth rates of tree DBH,timber volume and biomass on the inter-cropped sites were higher over 43%~134%,18%~81% and 5%~86% than those on the control sites,respectively. The net accumulation values of biomass on the inter-cropped sites were 9.53~15.23 t·hm-2·a-1,and these were 1.6~5.1 times of that on control sites. The utilizing rates to solar energy of the systems were also 1.94~5.04 times of the control sites and were up to 0.78%~1.26%. The agroforestry systems po la ssessed a high economic benefit with 18700~30400 Yuan RMB·hm-2·a-1 and were 5.26~9.82times of that of the control sites. The ratio for input and output values of the systems were higher to 12.93~14.17.
1999, 12(2): 146-151.
Abstract:
Reasearch was carried on the afforestation and cultivating technologies of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami at different type land with different stand structure and different parent culms during the period of 1996 to 1997 at Fuan City of Fujian Province.Cultivating technologies such as cutting and separating of root ball without culms,sunning of nude rootball,rhizome cutting and fertilizing etc.have been applied to D. oldhami plantation. Results show that D. oldhami planted at the medium and the foot of mountain slopes grow better than that at the flood land and plain land.The shoot yield of D. oldhami stand increase obviously which composed of culms of one or two years and that rhizomecut at the beginning of Nov..The effect of cake fertilizer applied to D. oldhami stand is the best as compared with that of urea applied twice and that of complex fertilizer applied.Sunning of nude rootballs at April has positive effect on the shoot yield.
Reasearch was carried on the afforestation and cultivating technologies of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami at different type land with different stand structure and different parent culms during the period of 1996 to 1997 at Fuan City of Fujian Province.Cultivating technologies such as cutting and separating of root ball without culms,sunning of nude rootball,rhizome cutting and fertilizing etc.have been applied to D. oldhami plantation. Results show that D. oldhami planted at the medium and the foot of mountain slopes grow better than that at the flood land and plain land.The shoot yield of D. oldhami stand increase obviously which composed of culms of one or two years and that rhizomecut at the beginning of Nov..The effect of cake fertilizer applied to D. oldhami stand is the best as compared with that of urea applied twice and that of complex fertilizer applied.Sunning of nude rootballs at April has positive effect on the shoot yield.
1999, 12(2): 152-159.
Abstract:
The drought-resistant,acid-tolerant,and fast-growing trees were selected from the resistant and fast-growing provenances,and their acid-and aluminum-tolerance were tested in vitro.The assemble genetic gain of the selected 17 acid-tolerant clones and 6 aluminum-tolerant clones accounted for 26.2%~106.3%.The acid-or aluminum-tolerance of these clones will be further tested in field.
The drought-resistant,acid-tolerant,and fast-growing trees were selected from the resistant and fast-growing provenances,and their acid-and aluminum-tolerance were tested in vitro.The assemble genetic gain of the selected 17 acid-tolerant clones and 6 aluminum-tolerant clones accounted for 26.2%~106.3%.The acid-or aluminum-tolerance of these clones will be further tested in field.
1999, 12(2): 160-164.
Abstract:
Individual tree growth model is widely used for predicting and modeling trees growth in various stands.Individual tree quadratic diameter increment model which is distancein-dependent of Larix is developed based on 346 remeasured trees growing on 14 forest management inventory plots in Wangqing Forestry Bureau of Jilin Province.This model includes three demanded elements in individual tree growth model:tree size,site condition and competition.The model is characterized by age-independent,without requiring site index and convenient use in practice.According to the results of stepwise regression,the main factors are tree diameter,stand basal area,and slope in modeling individual tree quadratic diameter increment of Larix.
Individual tree growth model is widely used for predicting and modeling trees growth in various stands.Individual tree quadratic diameter increment model which is distancein-dependent of Larix is developed based on 346 remeasured trees growing on 14 forest management inventory plots in Wangqing Forestry Bureau of Jilin Province.This model includes three demanded elements in individual tree growth model:tree size,site condition and competition.The model is characterized by age-independent,without requiring site index and convenient use in practice.According to the results of stepwise regression,the main factors are tree diameter,stand basal area,and slope in modeling individual tree quadratic diameter increment of Larix.
1999, 12(2): 165-171.
Abstract:
The aim of this paper was to show a comprehensive picture of the ecological-economic-social function of farm forestry in Minquan County of Henan Province.In Minquan County in 1992,the total stumpage valued 71.57 million Yuan or 100.24 Yuan per person;the annual increment values 19.12 million Yuan;the total forest income was 99.77 million Yuan,or 150.8 Yuan per capital accounting for 27.59% of the total rural income;forestry and related industry provided 12 300 job opportunity directly and 13 100 labor opportunity indirectly.Farm forestry could improve the microclimate of farmland;forestry provided 108 963.98 tons of organic materials for fertilizer for agricultural purpose;compared with that in 1949,the farmland was enlarged by 15 120 hm2;the average wind speed decreased,strong wind and sandstorm times were decreased;the soil fertility was improved obviously.1 385.5 tons or 21.95% of the total raw fodder provided by the forestry.Villiage forest could improve the living condition of the people and anim al there,including the reduction of medical expenditure,which estimated to value 6 268 900 Yuan.The natural resource utilization rate was increased.
The aim of this paper was to show a comprehensive picture of the ecological-economic-social function of farm forestry in Minquan County of Henan Province.In Minquan County in 1992,the total stumpage valued 71.57 million Yuan or 100.24 Yuan per person;the annual increment values 19.12 million Yuan;the total forest income was 99.77 million Yuan,or 150.8 Yuan per capital accounting for 27.59% of the total rural income;forestry and related industry provided 12 300 job opportunity directly and 13 100 labor opportunity indirectly.Farm forestry could improve the microclimate of farmland;forestry provided 108 963.98 tons of organic materials for fertilizer for agricultural purpose;compared with that in 1949,the farmland was enlarged by 15 120 hm2;the average wind speed decreased,strong wind and sandstorm times were decreased;the soil fertility was improved obviously.1 385.5 tons or 21.95% of the total raw fodder provided by the forestry.Villiage forest could improve the living condition of the people and anim al there,including the reduction of medical expenditure,which estimated to value 6 268 900 Yuan.The natural resource utilization rate was increased.
1999, 12(2): 172-178.
Abstract:
In terms of the research of long-term site productivity in the world and the status of management and researches of bamboo forests in China,the current status of long-term site productivity,impacting factors and its research strategies were reviewed and discussed.Meanwhile,the research periodic term and frame were put forward.The chronosequence,retrospective and long-term study were introduced for solving the“long-term” problem in the research frame.In the evaluation and prediction of the impact of management practices on long-term productivity,the methodology on site classification and evaluation,expert system and computer simulation models were mentioned,so as to achieve re-adjusting the long-term site productivity by changing the current management practices.As for the maintaining the long-term site productivity,it was proposed that the research of effective microbes should be emphasized for producing the man-made effective microbes in future.It was also suggested that the sustainable ecosystem management techniques should be studied for reducing the risk of the damage on the biodiversity and stability of managed bamboo forests,so as to establish the theory and practical techniques of ecosystem management of bamboo forests.
In terms of the research of long-term site productivity in the world and the status of management and researches of bamboo forests in China,the current status of long-term site productivity,impacting factors and its research strategies were reviewed and discussed.Meanwhile,the research periodic term and frame were put forward.The chronosequence,retrospective and long-term study were introduced for solving the“long-term” problem in the research frame.In the evaluation and prediction of the impact of management practices on long-term productivity,the methodology on site classification and evaluation,expert system and computer simulation models were mentioned,so as to achieve re-adjusting the long-term site productivity by changing the current management practices.As for the maintaining the long-term site productivity,it was proposed that the research of effective microbes should be emphasized for producing the man-made effective microbes in future.It was also suggested that the sustainable ecosystem management techniques should be studied for reducing the risk of the damage on the biodiversity and stability of managed bamboo forests,so as to establish the theory and practical techniques of ecosystem management of bamboo forests.
1999, 12(2): 179-184.
Abstract:
By the use of technology of genetic improvment,the tests have been collected 24 provenances in low hill area(Jurong,Jiangning)of its northern distribution:50 offsprings of elite trees of half-sib families of native provenance in Jiangsu;490 trees of the offsprings of hybrid groups of 17 elite provenances;plantation fields were 3 groups of mountain valley,hillside and gully;Plantation densities were 3 000 trees.hm-2,4 950 trees.hm-2 and 6 000 trees.hm-2;and 5 age group tests with 275 trees were 6,8,10,15 and 18 year-old. Research results showed that among the provenances of Jiangsu,offsprings of half-sib families and elite of wood character of offspring of hybrid groups had singnificant genetic variance.The wood of basic densities of young trees of elite of Rongshui provenance didn’t have obvious effect among plantation field tests;age and plantation densities(3 000～6 000 trees.hm-2)are the important factors,causing the variance of wood basic densities of Chinese fir.The wood basic densities of Chinese fir and growth characteristics generally didn’t have negative genetic relationship.The improvement of wood character or growth and co-improvement of wood character can all be done by the two stage independent selection.Research results provided the foundation to select and breed elite character and high yield Chinese fir.
By the use of technology of genetic improvment,the tests have been collected 24 provenances in low hill area(Jurong,Jiangning)of its northern distribution:50 offsprings of elite trees of half-sib families of native provenance in Jiangsu;490 trees of the offsprings of hybrid groups of 17 elite provenances;plantation fields were 3 groups of mountain valley,hillside and gully;Plantation densities were 3 000 trees.hm-2,4 950 trees.hm-2 and 6 000 trees.hm-2;and 5 age group tests with 275 trees were 6,8,10,15 and 18 year-old. Research results showed that among the provenances of Jiangsu,offsprings of half-sib families and elite of wood character of offspring of hybrid groups had singnificant genetic variance.The wood of basic densities of young trees of elite of Rongshui provenance didn’t have obvious effect among plantation field tests;age and plantation densities(3 000～6 000 trees.hm-2)are the important factors,causing the variance of wood basic densities of Chinese fir.The wood basic densities of Chinese fir and growth characteristics generally didn’t have negative genetic relationship.The improvement of wood character or growth and co-improvement of wood character can all be done by the two stage independent selection.Research results provided the foundation to select and breed elite character and high yield Chinese fir.
1999, 12(2): 185-189.
Abstract:
This paper reported the test methods,the technical properties and result of controlling the pine caterpillar by the HU2-HPS-2 dusting equipment when being equipped with the petrel 650B motor-glider.If the control valves put in 1,2,3,4 of the hold backs,the folw powder rates of Beauveria bassiana was 4,10,16.7 and 35.0 kg·min-1 respectively.The swath width was 80 m at the dusting powder.The density granules+spores was 84+48 indi-vidual per cm2.Seven experiment areas were set up in the forest region of the Tuan-jie,Shishuzhan and Dingbiashuku in Wuming County,Guangxi.When being equipped with the petrel 650B motor-glider,the HU2-HPS-2 dusting equipment and polit of the T100 Global Positioning System GPS it was first applied at 100～120 billion spores per gram of B.bassiana of the powder dusting at 1.3～1.5 kg*hm-2 in the six experiment areas,and the average mortality rates of pine caterpillar were 65.4%,88.09%,93.60%,91.99%,80.99% and 81.00% respectively.When being used to control Dasychira axutha,in the 7th experiment region the death ates was 46.77%.
This paper reported the test methods,the technical properties and result of controlling the pine caterpillar by the HU2-HPS-2 dusting equipment when being equipped with the petrel 650B motor-glider.If the control valves put in 1,2,3,4 of the hold backs,the folw powder rates of Beauveria bassiana was 4,10,16.7 and 35.0 kg·min-1 respectively.The swath width was 80 m at the dusting powder.The density granules+spores was 84+48 indi-vidual per cm2.Seven experiment areas were set up in the forest region of the Tuan-jie,Shishuzhan and Dingbiashuku in Wuming County,Guangxi.When being equipped with the petrel 650B motor-glider,the HU2-HPS-2 dusting equipment and polit of the T100 Global Positioning System GPS it was first applied at 100～120 billion spores per gram of B.bassiana of the powder dusting at 1.3～1.5 kg*hm-2 in the six experiment areas,and the average mortality rates of pine caterpillar were 65.4%,88.09%,93.60%,91.99%,80.99% and 81.00% respectively.When being used to control Dasychira axutha,in the 7th experiment region the death ates was 46.77%.
1999, 12(2): 190-196.
Abstract:
35 teak provenances were test in Hekou County,Honghe Prefecture,Yunnan Province.At the age of 5,there are remarkable differences in H(height)and DBH among provenances in which 16 surpassed standard provenance(average level)in H and 17 in DBH.Based on criterion for selection 10% over the standard provenance in DBH and 40% over in volumeprovenance 8507,8602,8603,8021,1307,8022,85131,8508 were considered fine.Meanwhile,the average reeal gain of the fine provenances in H,DBH and volume accounted for respectively 17.0%,19.9% and 70.3%,and their expectation genetic gains in H,DBH and volume were separately 10.0%,11.4% and 45.8%.The real gains in volume of the best two provenances came up to 128% and 107% separately.Because of highly closed growth interrelation among ages,selection at early stage would be efficient.
35 teak provenances were test in Hekou County,Honghe Prefecture,Yunnan Province.At the age of 5,there are remarkable differences in H(height)and DBH among provenances in which 16 surpassed standard provenance(average level)in H and 17 in DBH.Based on criterion for selection 10% over the standard provenance in DBH and 40% over in volumeprovenance 8507,8602,8603,8021,1307,8022,85131,8508 were considered fine.Meanwhile,the average reeal gain of the fine provenances in H,DBH and volume accounted for respectively 17.0%,19.9% and 70.3%,and their expectation genetic gains in H,DBH and volume were separately 10.0%,11.4% and 45.8%.The real gains in volume of the best two provenances came up to 128% and 107% separately.Because of highly closed growth interrelation among ages,selection at early stage would be efficient.
1999, 12(2): 197-201.
Abstract:
Jinfoshan Mountain,the haven for the relics of the Tertiary Period,preserves natural primitive community of the wild ginkgo.It is a vast stretches of forest at the beginning of 1940s with over 5 000 plant species.The ground is covered with forest and provies favourable conditions for the reproduction of wild ginkgo.There are over 300 old ginkgoes at the Jinfoshan Mountain which are of hundreds to over one thousand years old.These trees have distinct trunk,high and large crown,generally 20 m high or so,the highest 50 m,the largest crown about 0.13 hm2.There are over 70 huge trees with diameter over 1 m,8 trees with diameter over 2 m.More than 10 trees are over 1 000 years old.There is also an old ginkgoGinkgo Empress which is 2 500 years old,with chest measurement 11.6 m in 1950s.There are still small tracks of natural ginkgo forest.The wild ginkgo has varied types and contains rich genes.These ginkgoes grow on the mountain at about 470~1 520 m above sea level,mostly 800~1 300 m.
Jinfoshan Mountain,the haven for the relics of the Tertiary Period,preserves natural primitive community of the wild ginkgo.It is a vast stretches of forest at the beginning of 1940s with over 5 000 plant species.The ground is covered with forest and provies favourable conditions for the reproduction of wild ginkgo.There are over 300 old ginkgoes at the Jinfoshan Mountain which are of hundreds to over one thousand years old.These trees have distinct trunk,high and large crown,generally 20 m high or so,the highest 50 m,the largest crown about 0.13 hm2.There are over 70 huge trees with diameter over 1 m,8 trees with diameter over 2 m.More than 10 trees are over 1 000 years old.There is also an old ginkgoGinkgo Empress which is 2 500 years old,with chest measurement 11.6 m in 1950s.There are still small tracks of natural ginkgo forest.The wild ginkgo has varied types and contains rich genes.These ginkgoes grow on the mountain at about 470~1 520 m above sea level,mostly 800~1 300 m.
1999, 12(2): 202-205.
Abstract:
Based on the rate of damaged leaves of transgenic plantation,larvae and pupae density in the soil,the resistance of transgenic Populus nigra to Apocheima cinerarius and Orthosia incerta is evaluated.The rate of damaged leaves of transgenic stand is 10%,lower than the 40% of protection and control index.The rates of damaged leaves of both P.nigra controls(Ck2 and Ck3)and non-transgenic plants(P. ×euramericana(Dode)Guineir cv.Robusta)in the transgenic plantation are lower than those plants of the around stands,respectively.Meanwhile,the less damage of the non-transgenic plants benefits from the decrease of the larvae caused by the transgenic plants.As a result,the pupae per square meter in the transgenic plantation soil is 18,much lower than 88 and 73 pupae of P. × euramericana(Dode)Guineir cv. Robusta and P. nigra stands around.
Based on the rate of damaged leaves of transgenic plantation,larvae and pupae density in the soil,the resistance of transgenic Populus nigra to Apocheima cinerarius and Orthosia incerta is evaluated.The rate of damaged leaves of transgenic stand is 10%,lower than the 40% of protection and control index.The rates of damaged leaves of both P.nigra controls(Ck2 and Ck3)and non-transgenic plants(P. ×euramericana(Dode)Guineir cv.Robusta)in the transgenic plantation are lower than those plants of the around stands,respectively.Meanwhile,the less damage of the non-transgenic plants benefits from the decrease of the larvae caused by the transgenic plants.As a result,the pupae per square meter in the transgenic plantation soil is 18,much lower than 88 and 73 pupae of P. × euramericana(Dode)Guineir cv. Robusta and P. nigra stands around.
1999, 12(2): 206-209.
Abstract:
This paper mainly deals with the feeding habit of the Kerria lacca(Kerr.)in relation to its host trees and the regularity of the seasonal fluctuation of the hosts chemical compositions by means of mathematical statistics for the first time.Compositions of the juice of 10 host tree species have been determined,inoculation trial of the insects have been made and quality analysis of its lac have also been done in this study.
This paper mainly deals with the feeding habit of the Kerria lacca(Kerr.)in relation to its host trees and the regularity of the seasonal fluctuation of the hosts chemical compositions by means of mathematical statistics for the first time.Compositions of the juice of 10 host tree species have been determined,inoculation trial of the insects have been made and quality analysis of its lac have also been done in this study.
1999, 12(2): 210-213.
Abstract:
Studies on the domestication of the wild Hibiscus hamabo have been done through investigation,observation on phenology,tests on multispots seedling cultivation and afforestation for years.Popularization tests of being afforested at the gardens and protection forests have also been done.The results showed that H. hamabo is a kind of small deciduous tree with very strong tolerance to alkaline,water and drought.It is well suited to grow not only in the alkalisaline soils of the sea shore,but also in the terra rossa of the hilly.It also has many other excellent features such as long blooming period and with very gorgeous golden yellow folwers etc..By soaking its seeds in the warm water,doing softwood cutting in the mold raining season can improve the seed germinative capacity and cutting survival.In the end of 1980s,it was popularized to many continental areas of Zhejiang Province to have a trial planting and all grew well.
Studies on the domestication of the wild Hibiscus hamabo have been done through investigation,observation on phenology,tests on multispots seedling cultivation and afforestation for years.Popularization tests of being afforested at the gardens and protection forests have also been done.The results showed that H. hamabo is a kind of small deciduous tree with very strong tolerance to alkaline,water and drought.It is well suited to grow not only in the alkalisaline soils of the sea shore,but also in the terra rossa of the hilly.It also has many other excellent features such as long blooming period and with very gorgeous golden yellow folwers etc..By soaking its seeds in the warm water,doing softwood cutting in the mold raining season can improve the seed germinative capacity and cutting survival.In the end of 1980s,it was popularized to many continental areas of Zhejiang Province to have a trial planting and all grew well.
1999, 12(2): 214-217.
Abstract:
The biological characteristics of floral of some magnoliaceous species which relate with the crossing practice are examined and the hybridization techniques are summarized.It is found that the maturity of gynoecium is earlier than androecium,the stigmas are receptive before a flower opens,so the best period for pollination is 1～2 d away from opening.It is better to collect pollen in half-opening period when the anthers begin opening and the pollen quality is also the best.For the pollen storage,the suitable condition is drying(using desiccants)and low temperature(2～5℃ in refrigerator)which can keep pollen for about one month with the 50% vitality.
The biological characteristics of floral of some magnoliaceous species which relate with the crossing practice are examined and the hybridization techniques are summarized.It is found that the maturity of gynoecium is earlier than androecium,the stigmas are receptive before a flower opens,so the best period for pollination is 1～2 d away from opening.It is better to collect pollen in half-opening period when the anthers begin opening and the pollen quality is also the best.For the pollen storage,the suitable condition is drying(using desiccants)and low temperature(2～5℃ in refrigerator)which can keep pollen for about one month with the 50% vitality.
1999, 12(2): 218-221.
Abstract:
Heat and UV resistance ability of conidia with different moisture content of Beauveria bassiana varied significantly within different strains.The effects of radiation occurred more greatly at higher(RH 85%,93%)and the lowest(5%)moisture content,while 10% and 55% RH had lest effects on conidial viability.The heat tolerance ability of the conidia decreased accordingly with responce to the increase of moisture content.The conidia germinability had no markedly difference between 5% RH and untreated bathing conidia by contrast.
Heat and UV resistance ability of conidia with different moisture content of Beauveria bassiana varied significantly within different strains.The effects of radiation occurred more greatly at higher(RH 85%,93%)and the lowest(5%)moisture content,while 10% and 55% RH had lest effects on conidial viability.The heat tolerance ability of the conidia decreased accordingly with responce to the increase of moisture content.The conidia germinability had no markedly difference between 5% RH and untreated bathing conidia by contrast.
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