1999 Vol. 12, No. 6
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1999, 12(6): 563-571.
[Abstract]
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Abstract:
Genetic variation of the quantitative trait lignin content was remarked in detail.According tomany reports,it can be seen that lignin content possesses very complicate patterns of variation at levels of species,population and individual.Impacts of environmental factors on variation of lignin content can not be ignored.The lignin biosynthetic process has not been elucidated yet,and there are probably several alternative pathways.However,application of antisense transformation of genes of some enzymes such as PAL,C4H,4CL and CCR,can reduce level of lignin content to a certain extent; while transformation of other genes of enzymes like OMT,CAD and F5H has no effect on lignin content but lignin composition.These results remain to be confirmed in the field performance.Based on these progresses,study onmultiple transformation of genes of some enzymes is required so as to detect the roles of some enzymes in lignin content andmetabolic plasticity.In order to further study genetic variation of lignin content,it is necessary to conduct a study on geneticmapping,location determination and isolation of genes responsible for variation of lignin content,using pedigreematerials planted under different environemnts.Thismay also help us to elucidate the impacts of environmental factors on variation of lignin content atmolecular level.
Genetic variation of the quantitative trait lignin content was remarked in detail.According tomany reports,it can be seen that lignin content possesses very complicate patterns of variation at levels of species,population and individual.Impacts of environmental factors on variation of lignin content can not be ignored.The lignin biosynthetic process has not been elucidated yet,and there are probably several alternative pathways.However,application of antisense transformation of genes of some enzymes such as PAL,C4H,4CL and CCR,can reduce level of lignin content to a certain extent; while transformation of other genes of enzymes like OMT,CAD and F5H has no effect on lignin content but lignin composition.These results remain to be confirmed in the field performance.Based on these progresses,study onmultiple transformation of genes of some enzymes is required so as to detect the roles of some enzymes in lignin content andmetabolic plasticity.In order to further study genetic variation of lignin content,it is necessary to conduct a study on geneticmapping,location determination and isolation of genes responsible for variation of lignin content,using pedigreematerials planted under different environemnts.Thismay also help us to elucidate the impacts of environmental factors on variation of lignin content atmolecular level.
1999, 12(6): 572-576.
Abstract:
The pine sawyer (Monochamus alternatus Hope) is themajor transmitting vector of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Nickle.The studies of emerge emigration reqularity of the pine sawyer and its ability of carrying nematode have important significance in populationmonitoring and their integrated control.The results showed that:in average,the annual emerge emigration period and its peak period were 82.0 d and 12.3 d respectively.The whole body of the pine sawyer can carry pine wood nematode.The quantitative ratio is in the order as follows:thoraxheadabdomenantennafootwing.In Fuyang,Zhejiang Province,the adults of pine sawyer were trapped by attractant.The results showed 2900 nematodes were carried by a pine sawyer in average.The amount of nematode carried by female was 2.6 times asmuch as that bymale.There were two peakes in the quantitative ratio of the pine sawyer carrying pinewood nematode during the trapping period.
The pine sawyer (Monochamus alternatus Hope) is themajor transmitting vector of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Nickle.The studies of emerge emigration reqularity of the pine sawyer and its ability of carrying nematode have important significance in populationmonitoring and their integrated control.The results showed that:in average,the annual emerge emigration period and its peak period were 82.0 d and 12.3 d respectively.The whole body of the pine sawyer can carry pine wood nematode.The quantitative ratio is in the order as follows:thoraxheadabdomenantennafootwing.In Fuyang,Zhejiang Province,the adults of pine sawyer were trapped by attractant.The results showed 2900 nematodes were carried by a pine sawyer in average.The amount of nematode carried by female was 2.6 times asmuch as that bymale.There were two peakes in the quantitative ratio of the pine sawyer carrying pinewood nematode during the trapping period.
1999, 12(6): 577-580.
Abstract:
By Nelder spacing trial,the density effect of Acacia auriculaeformis forests is discussed.It is shown that all forests with different densities are not closed when one year old.The smallest densities of closed forests are respectively 3.15,6.20 and 7.00m2 per tree corresponding to 3,5 and 7 years old.After 5 years old,crown growth tends to stabilize.The largest crown growth emerges in the forests with 5.64～6.88m2 per tree occurring in 1～3 years old,while 15.50～18.68m2 per tree occurring in 5～7 years old.Mean stemnumbers of forests are relative to area per tree in power function.When areas per tree of forests are less than 1.0m2,theirmulti stemmed tree percentages are under 10 percent.While it was 100 percent when forest densities weremore than 12.53m2 per tree.
By Nelder spacing trial,the density effect of Acacia auriculaeformis forests is discussed.It is shown that all forests with different densities are not closed when one year old.The smallest densities of closed forests are respectively 3.15,6.20 and 7.00m2 per tree corresponding to 3,5 and 7 years old.After 5 years old,crown growth tends to stabilize.The largest crown growth emerges in the forests with 5.64～6.88m2 per tree occurring in 1～3 years old,while 15.50～18.68m2 per tree occurring in 5～7 years old.Mean stemnumbers of forests are relative to area per tree in power function.When areas per tree of forests are less than 1.0m2,theirmulti stemmed tree percentages are under 10 percent.While it was 100 percent when forest densities weremore than 12.53m2 per tree.
1999, 12(6): 581-584.
Abstract:
An investigation wasmade from1996 to 1997 in order tomake sure that ginkgo is the host of VAmycorrhizal fungi.The results showed that 9 species of fungi belonging to 4 genera can formVAmycorrhizae in ginkgo.They were Sclerocystis (S.liquidambaris),Glomus (G.mosseae,G.aggregatum,G.geosporum,G.versiforme and G.caledonium),Scutellospora (S.heterogama) and Gigaspora (G.gigantea and G.margarita).
An investigation wasmade from1996 to 1997 in order tomake sure that ginkgo is the host of VAmycorrhizal fungi.The results showed that 9 species of fungi belonging to 4 genera can formVAmycorrhizae in ginkgo.They were Sclerocystis (S.liquidambaris),Glomus (G.mosseae,G.aggregatum,G.geosporum,G.versiforme and G.caledonium),Scutellospora (S.heterogama) and Gigaspora (G.gigantea and G.margarita).
1999, 12(6): 585-590.
Abstract:
Twomethods for testing the impact of Chinese fir provenances planted on the same region on their basal area growthmodels,randomeffects test and fixed effects test,were compared with the data fromthree forest farms,Jigongshan,Dagangshan and Hongya.The result showed that randomeffects test was better while fixed effects test tended to refuse wrong the null hypothesis of no significant difference in parameters of basal areamodels among Chinese fir provenances.Meanwhile,the result showed by randomeffects test demonstrated that basal areamodels of provenances planted on the same region was of no significant difference.
Twomethods for testing the impact of Chinese fir provenances planted on the same region on their basal area growthmodels,randomeffects test and fixed effects test,were compared with the data fromthree forest farms,Jigongshan,Dagangshan and Hongya.The result showed that randomeffects test was better while fixed effects test tended to refuse wrong the null hypothesis of no significant difference in parameters of basal areamodels among Chinese fir provenances.Meanwhile,the result showed by randomeffects test demonstrated that basal areamodels of provenances planted on the same region was of no significant difference.
1999, 12(6): 591-598.
Abstract:
The second part of the results based on a glasshouse experiment.The inoculant effectiveness of 4 VAmycorrhizal fungi and 1 ectomycorrhizal fungus alone or in combination on the growth of Eucalyptus globulus and E.urophylla saplings was reported.There were substantial differences on the growth among treatments (P 0.005).Large responses of height growth and biomass stimulated by fungal inoculation were observed for both plants during 16 week growing in a sterilized Karrakatta yellow sand.Average heights of inoculated E.globulus and E.urophylla seedlings were respectively increased by up to 28.86% (Lacc aria +Scutellospora, LS) and 86.65% (Laccaria+Glomus, LG),compared to those of uninoculated ones at 16 weeks after inoculation.Dry weights of sapling were up to 129.93% (tops) and 119.93% (roots) for E.globulus, 133.34% (tops) and 174.83% (roots) for E.urophylla respectively relative to controls.The growths of both plants weremore significantly enhanced by dual inoculation with Laccaria and one of 4 VAmycorrhizal fungi than those inoculated individually.There were strong interactions between fungal colonization and plant growth,which reflected the inoculation efficacy.Ectomycorrhizal fungi had amajor impact on root systemformsubstantially reducing the proportion of fine roots (specific root length),but this did not occur when only VAmfungi were present.The results also revealed that phosphorus level in soils greatly affected the growth of plants and interacted fungal efficacy as well.
The second part of the results based on a glasshouse experiment.The inoculant effectiveness of 4 VAmycorrhizal fungi and 1 ectomycorrhizal fungus alone or in combination on the growth of Eucalyptus globulus and E.urophylla saplings was reported.There were substantial differences on the growth among treatments (P 0.005).Large responses of height growth and biomass stimulated by fungal inoculation were observed for both plants during 16 week growing in a sterilized Karrakatta yellow sand.Average heights of inoculated E.globulus and E.urophylla seedlings were respectively increased by up to 28.86% (Lacc aria +Scutellospora, LS) and 86.65% (Laccaria+Glomus, LG),compared to those of uninoculated ones at 16 weeks after inoculation.Dry weights of sapling were up to 129.93% (tops) and 119.93% (roots) for E.globulus, 133.34% (tops) and 174.83% (roots) for E.urophylla respectively relative to controls.The growths of both plants weremore significantly enhanced by dual inoculation with Laccaria and one of 4 VAmycorrhizal fungi than those inoculated individually.There were strong interactions between fungal colonization and plant growth,which reflected the inoculation efficacy.Ectomycorrhizal fungi had amajor impact on root systemformsubstantially reducing the proportion of fine roots (specific root length),but this did not occur when only VAmfungi were present.The results also revealed that phosphorus level in soils greatly affected the growth of plants and interacted fungal efficacy as well.
1999, 12(6): 599-605.
Abstract:
Changing pattern of land/land cover were studied in Nanhua State Farmin the southern China from1972 through 1995.Land covermaps of three periods (1972,1985,1995) with scale of 1:20 000,derived fromaerial photographs and field surveys,were collected.Land cover categories (or patch types) were digitized by using digital instrument with the assistant of Geographic Information System(GIS).Landscape patterns were quantified by using some indices andmeasures.Patch types and numbers were increased from1972 to 1985,then declined form1985 to 1995.Higher dominance and lower diversity and evenness characterized the landscape spatial pattern in 1972.In 1985,landscape pattern was greatly changed with high diversity and fragmentation.Up to 1995,some patch types has disappeared,and the declining trend of diversity and dominance displayed.By quantifying the spatial and temporal patterns of land cover change,an attempt wasmade to show how the landscape in rural area was controlled by social and economic development strategies.
Changing pattern of land/land cover were studied in Nanhua State Farmin the southern China from1972 through 1995.Land covermaps of three periods (1972,1985,1995) with scale of 1:20 000,derived fromaerial photographs and field surveys,were collected.Land cover categories (or patch types) were digitized by using digital instrument with the assistant of Geographic Information System(GIS).Landscape patterns were quantified by using some indices andmeasures.Patch types and numbers were increased from1972 to 1985,then declined form1985 to 1995.Higher dominance and lower diversity and evenness characterized the landscape spatial pattern in 1972.In 1985,landscape pattern was greatly changed with high diversity and fragmentation.Up to 1995,some patch types has disappeared,and the declining trend of diversity and dominance displayed.By quantifying the spatial and temporal patterns of land cover change,an attempt wasmade to show how the landscape in rural area was controlled by social and economic development strategies.
1999, 12(6): 606-611.
Abstract:
Based on the indoor inoculation test conducted from1996 to 1998,the characteristics of transmitting phytoplasma by Halyomorpha picus associated with paulownia witches′ broomwere compared between insect groups (adults and nymphae) of reared pathogen acquisition (RA) and naturally pathogen acquisition (NA).The results showed that the rate of pathogen transmission to paulownia seedlings by third and fourth instar nymphae of RA was 61.7% and 41.4%,which weremuch higher than that by nymphae of NA (16%).For adults,the transmission rate was 14.1% of RA which was also higher than that of NA (4.5%).Theminimumincubation period (MIP) of pathogen in vivo were 34 days and 45 days for third and fourth instar nymphae and 219 days for adults (RA),that for nymphae and adults (NA) were 243 days and 257 days respectively.The seedlings inoculated in June showed symptomof disease in the same year,while that inoculated in July showed symptomof disease in the next year.The incubation period (IP) had a positive relation with successive disease rate.For third instar nymphae,the equation of relation was y=0.8472x+23.044(R2=0.8743) and relevant LP50=65.40 days,that for fourth instar nymphae was y=0.759 x+29.022(R2=0.8019) and LP50=66.472 days.The feasibility of using RA nymphae for early assessment of paulownia genetic breeding against witches′ broomwas discussed.
Based on the indoor inoculation test conducted from1996 to 1998,the characteristics of transmitting phytoplasma by Halyomorpha picus associated with paulownia witches′ broomwere compared between insect groups (adults and nymphae) of reared pathogen acquisition (RA) and naturally pathogen acquisition (NA).The results showed that the rate of pathogen transmission to paulownia seedlings by third and fourth instar nymphae of RA was 61.7% and 41.4%,which weremuch higher than that by nymphae of NA (16%).For adults,the transmission rate was 14.1% of RA which was also higher than that of NA (4.5%).Theminimumincubation period (MIP) of pathogen in vivo were 34 days and 45 days for third and fourth instar nymphae and 219 days for adults (RA),that for nymphae and adults (NA) were 243 days and 257 days respectively.The seedlings inoculated in June showed symptomof disease in the same year,while that inoculated in July showed symptomof disease in the next year.The incubation period (IP) had a positive relation with successive disease rate.For third instar nymphae,the equation of relation was y=0.8472x+23.044(R2=0.8743) and relevant LP50=65.40 days,that for fourth instar nymphae was y=0.759 x+29.022(R2=0.8019) and LP50=66.472 days.The feasibility of using RA nymphae for early assessment of paulownia genetic breeding against witches′ broomwas discussed.
1999, 12(6): 612-619.
Abstract:
The vertical,horizontal and two dimensional distribution of needle leaf area density (NAD) within 17 year old Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) crown and their seasonal changes were surveyed andmodelled in Fenyi County of Jiangxi Province.It showed that themean total needle leaf area (NA) and NAD within a single crown were 25.42m2 and 2.2727m2·m-3 respectively in themidmay,but the older the needle leaf,the greater the NA and NAD.The horizontal and vertical NAD distributions could be well fitted by β function and the two dimennsional NAD distribution by the trend surface equation of relative crown height and relative crown radius.ThemaximumNAD was occurred at themid front section of branches ofmid upper crown;however the current needle leaf was locatedmainly in the upper and outer crown while old needle leafmoved toward themid lower andmid inner crown.With the increase of tree age,accumulated needle leaf area index decreased and the vertical distribution of needle leaf area centered toward upper crown.The seasonal variation of biomass dry weight and area of current needle leaf followed Logistic equation.At the end of growing season,themean total NA and NAD within a single crown were up to 29.4243m2 and 2.6307m2·m-3 respectively.
The vertical,horizontal and two dimensional distribution of needle leaf area density (NAD) within 17 year old Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) crown and their seasonal changes were surveyed andmodelled in Fenyi County of Jiangxi Province.It showed that themean total needle leaf area (NA) and NAD within a single crown were 25.42m2 and 2.2727m2·m-3 respectively in themidmay,but the older the needle leaf,the greater the NA and NAD.The horizontal and vertical NAD distributions could be well fitted by β function and the two dimennsional NAD distribution by the trend surface equation of relative crown height and relative crown radius.ThemaximumNAD was occurred at themid front section of branches ofmid upper crown;however the current needle leaf was locatedmainly in the upper and outer crown while old needle leafmoved toward themid lower andmid inner crown.With the increase of tree age,accumulated needle leaf area index decreased and the vertical distribution of needle leaf area centered toward upper crown.The seasonal variation of biomass dry weight and area of current needle leaf followed Logistic equation.At the end of growing season,themean total NA and NAD within a single crown were up to 29.4243m2 and 2.6307m2·m-3 respectively.
1999, 12(6): 620-627.
Abstract:
Data fromspacing experiments and stand density investigation of current plantations were used to determine suitable planting density ofmasson pine (Pinusmassoniana) high yielding plantation and establish adjustment and controlmodels of stand density (A Cmodels)for different cultivation objectives.The results showed thatmiddle planting density with spacing from1.4m×2.0m to 2.0m×2.0m(3555～2490 trees per hectare) was optimumfor high yielding plantation ofmasson pine.A Cmodels for different cultivation purposes were as follows:(1)For cultivating small diameter timber with DBH 12～16 cm,the rotation was 20 years,site index was 14～16,the planting density was 3600～3300 trees per hectare and final remained density 2340～2145 trees per hectare,the annualmean volume increment 11.61～14.54m3·hm-2.(2)For cultivatingmiddle diameter timber with DBH 18～24 cm,the rotation was 25 years,site index was 16～18,the planting density was 2775 ～2490 trees per hectare,the final remained density 1560～1395 trees per hectare,the annualmean volume increment 13.02～17.47m3·hm-2.(3)For cultivating large diameter timber with DBH 26～32 cm,the rotation was 30 years,site index was 18～20,the planting density was 1995～1725 trees per hectare,final remained density 900～750 trees per hectare,and the annualmean volume increment 16.20～16.76m3·hm-2.
Data fromspacing experiments and stand density investigation of current plantations were used to determine suitable planting density ofmasson pine (Pinusmassoniana) high yielding plantation and establish adjustment and controlmodels of stand density (A Cmodels)for different cultivation objectives.The results showed thatmiddle planting density with spacing from1.4m×2.0m to 2.0m×2.0m(3555～2490 trees per hectare) was optimumfor high yielding plantation ofmasson pine.A Cmodels for different cultivation purposes were as follows:(1)For cultivating small diameter timber with DBH 12～16 cm,the rotation was 20 years,site index was 14～16,the planting density was 3600～3300 trees per hectare and final remained density 2340～2145 trees per hectare,the annualmean volume increment 11.61～14.54m3·hm-2.(2)For cultivatingmiddle diameter timber with DBH 18～24 cm,the rotation was 25 years,site index was 16～18,the planting density was 2775 ～2490 trees per hectare,the final remained density 1560～1395 trees per hectare,the annualmean volume increment 13.02～17.47m3·hm-2.(3)For cultivating large diameter timber with DBH 26～32 cm,the rotation was 30 years,site index was 18～20,the planting density was 1995～1725 trees per hectare,final remained density 900～750 trees per hectare,and the annualmean volume increment 16.20～16.76m3·hm-2.
1999, 12(6): 628-632.
Abstract:
From 1991 to 1998,an intensive investigation on the disease index and ecological factors of the dieback blight of Phyllostachys pubescens was performed in forestry farms in Fujian Province.The data analysis of 83 plots of P.pubescens plantations indicated that the disease index conrrelates to ecological factors.The ecologicalmodel of the dieback blight of P.pubescens was established as follows: Y=40.4932-3.5435C11-1.9805 C21-0.9427C22-6.7996C31-5.0023C32-3.6588C41-2.409 1C42-17.9836C51-12.2900C52-8.8894C61-3.1504C62.In this formula Y represents forest disease index and C11～C63 represents ecological factors(level).According to the investigation and analysis,the occurrence and development of the dieback blight of P.pubescens is an integrated result of a long time reciprocity of different ecological factors.On the basis of themodel,assistant forecasting technique and ecological control by afforestation were put forward.
From 1991 to 1998,an intensive investigation on the disease index and ecological factors of the dieback blight of Phyllostachys pubescens was performed in forestry farms in Fujian Province.The data analysis of 83 plots of P.pubescens plantations indicated that the disease index conrrelates to ecological factors.The ecologicalmodel of the dieback blight of P.pubescens was established as follows: Y=40.4932-3.5435C11-1.9805 C21-0.9427C22-6.7996C31-5.0023C32-3.6588C41-2.409 1C42-17.9836C51-12.2900C52-8.8894C61-3.1504C62.In this formula Y represents forest disease index and C11～C63 represents ecological factors(level).According to the investigation and analysis,the occurrence and development of the dieback blight of P.pubescens is an integrated result of a long time reciprocity of different ecological factors.On the basis of themodel,assistant forecasting technique and ecological control by afforestation were put forward.
1999, 12(6): 633-638.
Abstract:
In accordance with the requirement of the Chinese chestnut (Castaneamollissima) for fertilizer,the additive for inorganic and organic fertilizer,mediumquantity elements and trace elements were added into the basic fertilizer with N,P,K as the key elements,based on the application technique of balanced and appropriate proportion of different elements.Themulti element fertilizer special for Chinese chestnut was developed.The contents of N,P,K,organicmatter and humid acid accounted for above 40%.The yield of the chestnut with the application of developed fertilizer increased by 77.8% compared with that without application.The contents of amino acid,protein,fat,total sugar amount and other nutritional gradients in the fruit augmented sharply.In addition it can also improving resistance,reducing premature drop of the fruits,raising yield and quality, promoting soil improvement.
In accordance with the requirement of the Chinese chestnut (Castaneamollissima) for fertilizer,the additive for inorganic and organic fertilizer,mediumquantity elements and trace elements were added into the basic fertilizer with N,P,K as the key elements,based on the application technique of balanced and appropriate proportion of different elements.Themulti element fertilizer special for Chinese chestnut was developed.The contents of N,P,K,organicmatter and humid acid accounted for above 40%.The yield of the chestnut with the application of developed fertilizer increased by 77.8% compared with that without application.The contents of amino acid,protein,fat,total sugar amount and other nutritional gradients in the fruit augmented sharply.In addition it can also improving resistance,reducing premature drop of the fruits,raising yield and quality, promoting soil improvement.
1999, 12(6): 639-644.
Abstract:
Based on the data of seed yield of Chinese Fir Seed Orchard in Qingyuan Forest Farmfrom1981～1993 and the biological factors(X1～X3),meteorological factors(X6～X14) and site factors (X4～X5) affecting the seed yield of Chinese fir seed orchard,themulti unit linear patterns were established by using linear regression to determine the key factors affecting seed yield:the annualmean yield per unit area Y1=60.04746+0.00167X7 (annual precipitation)-0.11695 X8,9 (low temperature index in flowering period)-0.01579 X10 (precipitation in flowering period)+0.00816 X12 (sunshine time in flowering period)+0.00444 X13 (precipitation in high temperature and drought period)-2.26872 X14 (mean temperature in July and August);the annual seed yield in seed orchard plot Y2=-603.42710+34.14267X4 (slope orientation)+0.07220 X6 (≥10 ℃ annual accumulated temperature)+0.04210 X7-18.89739X8,9-0.34941X11 (rainy days in flowering period)+6.86478 X12 +0.935 31X13 ;the annualmean seed yield in the plot of seed orchard Y5=1.95776+2.43938X31 (C.lanceloata clones in general production area)+2.45786 X41 (sunny slope)+1.30000 X51 (good soil fertility)-0.07488 X52 (middle soil fertility).The rate of calculation accuracy of themodels above was 81.04%～95.40%.
Based on the data of seed yield of Chinese Fir Seed Orchard in Qingyuan Forest Farmfrom1981～1993 and the biological factors(X1～X3),meteorological factors(X6～X14) and site factors (X4～X5) affecting the seed yield of Chinese fir seed orchard,themulti unit linear patterns were established by using linear regression to determine the key factors affecting seed yield:the annualmean yield per unit area Y1=60.04746+0.00167X7 (annual precipitation)-0.11695 X8,9 (low temperature index in flowering period)-0.01579 X10 (precipitation in flowering period)+0.00816 X12 (sunshine time in flowering period)+0.00444 X13 (precipitation in high temperature and drought period)-2.26872 X14 (mean temperature in July and August);the annual seed yield in seed orchard plot Y2=-603.42710+34.14267X4 (slope orientation)+0.07220 X6 (≥10 ℃ annual accumulated temperature)+0.04210 X7-18.89739X8,9-0.34941X11 (rainy days in flowering period)+6.86478 X12 +0.935 31X13 ;the annualmean seed yield in the plot of seed orchard Y5=1.95776+2.43938X31 (C.lanceloata clones in general production area)+2.45786 X41 (sunny slope)+1.30000 X51 (good soil fertility)-0.07488 X52 (middle soil fertility).The rate of calculation accuracy of themodels above was 81.04%～95.40%.
1999, 12(6): 645-649.
Abstract:
The webspinning sawfly (Chinolyda flagellicornis (F.Smith)) is an important forest pest insect injuring Cupressus funebris and Cryptomeria fortunei.It started to cause disastrous damage in Zhejiang, Sichuan, Hubei and Fujian provinces in 1988.A study on the regularity of the fluctuation of the natural population of the sawfly was carried out from1991 to 1997.The results showed that in the forest, the survival rate of the larvae was 60.4%,the regression coefficient r=0.9629, b=0.6559, in which the regression coefficient value (b) for the larvae at feeding stage was 0.5673, that for diapausing larvae was 0.3409,that for egg stage was 0.7989.Themortality of the larvae and the eggs were the first key lethal factor and the second one, respectively.The number of the diapausing prepupae in the forest excavated by wild boar to that in the forest not excavated by wild boar was 1:1.94～3.0.Other natural enemies had only a little effect.Themortality of the diapausing prepupae within 3 cmbelowtop soil in frost weather in winter at-2 ℃ was 43.8%～97.1%.The disastrous weather with hail significantly influence the survival of the sawfly.The index of the fluctuation of the natural population I=10.22 , indicating the population had a tendency of rapid increase.
The webspinning sawfly (Chinolyda flagellicornis (F.Smith)) is an important forest pest insect injuring Cupressus funebris and Cryptomeria fortunei.It started to cause disastrous damage in Zhejiang, Sichuan, Hubei and Fujian provinces in 1988.A study on the regularity of the fluctuation of the natural population of the sawfly was carried out from1991 to 1997.The results showed that in the forest, the survival rate of the larvae was 60.4%,the regression coefficient r=0.9629, b=0.6559, in which the regression coefficient value (b) for the larvae at feeding stage was 0.5673, that for diapausing larvae was 0.3409,that for egg stage was 0.7989.Themortality of the larvae and the eggs were the first key lethal factor and the second one, respectively.The number of the diapausing prepupae in the forest excavated by wild boar to that in the forest not excavated by wild boar was 1:1.94～3.0.Other natural enemies had only a little effect.Themortality of the diapausing prepupae within 3 cmbelowtop soil in frost weather in winter at-2 ℃ was 43.8%～97.1%.The disastrous weather with hail significantly influence the survival of the sawfly.The index of the fluctuation of the natural population I=10.22 , indicating the population had a tendency of rapid increase.
1999, 12(6): 650-655.
Abstract:
The gresent advances of forest genetic improvement in China were summarized and the problems existing in genetic improvement of forest were analyzed.Application of biotechnology in forest genetic improvement and role of forest genetic improvement in sustainable development of forestry in China were described.The future key fields of biotechnology development in process of forest genetic improvement were presented.
The gresent advances of forest genetic improvement in China were summarized and the problems existing in genetic improvement of forest were analyzed.Application of biotechnology in forest genetic improvement and role of forest genetic improvement in sustainable development of forestry in China were described.The future key fields of biotechnology development in process of forest genetic improvement were presented.
Status on Pulping/Papering Research of Alder and Prospect of Utilization of Alder Pulp Wood in China
1999, 12(6): 656-661.
Abstract:
Alder (Alnus spp.) is a promising broadleaved species with high growth rate and nitrogen fixing ability for commercial planting.The wood properties of alder is similar to that of poplar and birch which could be used to produce different kinds of pulp.The paper is a review about pulp production potential and status of pulping/papermaking and research on wood property of alder in the world.In the view of genetic resources and production situation of alder in China,it is promising to grow and utilize alder for pulp and paper industry,which is useful formitigating the shortage of coniferous pulp wood and reducing pulp production cost.
Alder (Alnus spp.) is a promising broadleaved species with high growth rate and nitrogen fixing ability for commercial planting.The wood properties of alder is similar to that of poplar and birch which could be used to produce different kinds of pulp.The paper is a review about pulp production potential and status of pulping/papermaking and research on wood property of alder in the world.In the view of genetic resources and production situation of alder in China,it is promising to grow and utilize alder for pulp and paper industry,which is useful formitigating the shortage of coniferous pulp wood and reducing pulp production cost.
1999, 12(6): 662-668.
Abstract:
As an important biological resource,insect resources have not been fully used and developed.Based on analysis and study,the nutritive value of edible insects was reviewed.The results showed that insects have rich protein (20%～70%),amino acid (30%～60%),fat(10%～50%),fatty acid,carbohydrate (2%～10%),mineral elements,vitamins and other activated elements which are good for human’s health.As protein resources,the nutritive value of edible insects is as good as animal and plant resources.Insects have feature of rich species and great population amount,therefore as nutritive resources,edible insects can be widely used and have a great development potentiality.
As an important biological resource,insect resources have not been fully used and developed.Based on analysis and study,the nutritive value of edible insects was reviewed.The results showed that insects have rich protein (20%～70%),amino acid (30%～60%),fat(10%～50%),fatty acid,carbohydrate (2%～10%),mineral elements,vitamins and other activated elements which are good for human’s health.As protein resources,the nutritive value of edible insects is as good as animal and plant resources.Insects have feature of rich species and great population amount,therefore as nutritive resources,edible insects can be widely used and have a great development potentiality.
1999, 12(6): 699-672.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the bionomics of Micromelopha troglodyta.The pest has 2 generations a year and overwinters in pupa in the fallen leaves.In the food lack condition,the last instar larvae is compelled to pupate in advance,themass of the pupa ismuch lighter than that of normal pupa.If themass of the pupa is below 90mg,it can not emerge.Themathematicalmodel between the probability of the female and the pupamass is Yi =-6.22+3.256 log Xi.Themathematicalmodel between amount of the female eggs and the pupamass is Yi′=-1 886.3+1 014.4 log Xi.Applying thesemathematicalmodels,we can forecast the population dynamics ofm.troglodyta.
This paper deals with the bionomics of Micromelopha troglodyta.The pest has 2 generations a year and overwinters in pupa in the fallen leaves.In the food lack condition,the last instar larvae is compelled to pupate in advance,themass of the pupa ismuch lighter than that of normal pupa.If themass of the pupa is below 90mg,it can not emerge.Themathematicalmodel between the probability of the female and the pupamass is Yi =-6.22+3.256 log Xi.Themathematicalmodel between amount of the female eggs and the pupamass is Yi′=-1 886.3+1 014.4 log Xi.Applying thesemathematicalmodels,we can forecast the population dynamics ofm.troglodyta.
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