2003 Vol. 16, No. 2
Display Method:
2003, 16(2): 123-128.
[Abstract]
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Abstract:
Efficient genetic transformation system of five carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) cultivars has been established and optimized by using leaf explant. The results show that 2 days preculture can increase the transformation frequency obviously. There are differences between carnation cultivars in transformation. 20μmol AgNO3in selection medium inhibits the adventitious shoot inducing. 72.1% transformed plants rooted on rooting medium containing 25 mg·L-1 kanamycin and 55% plants show GUS activity according to histochemical assay. PCR screening indicates that 32.2% of the samples are positive. Southern blot analysis demonstrates that foreign genes are integrated into plant genome.
Efficient genetic transformation system of five carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) cultivars has been established and optimized by using leaf explant. The results show that 2 days preculture can increase the transformation frequency obviously. There are differences between carnation cultivars in transformation. 20μmol AgNO3in selection medium inhibits the adventitious shoot inducing. 72.1% transformed plants rooted on rooting medium containing 25 mg·L-1 kanamycin and 55% plants show GUS activity according to histochemical assay. PCR screening indicates that 32.2% of the samples are positive. Southern blot analysis demonstrates that foreign genes are integrated into plant genome.
2003, 16(2): 129-134.
Abstract:
The photosynthesis and physiological adaptability of medicinal plants in tree medicinal plant intercropping system were studied. By setting different poplar row spacing grads, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of three species intercropping medicinal plants: Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Platycodon grandiflorum and Pinellia pedatisecta which have different quality of enduring shade were observed, and the diversification rules of daily photosynthesis and daily average net photosynthesis rate were analyzed. Accordingly, the physiology and ecological adaptive mechanism to intercropping environment of different medicinal plants were worked out. The research results offer the essential theoretic bases for developing the planting pattern of intercropping trees with medicinal plant in the forest district and western part of China.
The photosynthesis and physiological adaptability of medicinal plants in tree medicinal plant intercropping system were studied. By setting different poplar row spacing grads, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of three species intercropping medicinal plants: Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Platycodon grandiflorum and Pinellia pedatisecta which have different quality of enduring shade were observed, and the diversification rules of daily photosynthesis and daily average net photosynthesis rate were analyzed. Accordingly, the physiology and ecological adaptive mechanism to intercropping environment of different medicinal plants were worked out. The research results offer the essential theoretic bases for developing the planting pattern of intercropping trees with medicinal plant in the forest district and western part of China.
2003, 16(2): 135-140.
Abstract:
Field research was conducted on 7 host tree species and lac insect population dynamic of lac insect during estival generation. The results are as follow: Different host tree has different growing speed, the increment of the area of branch without lac insect is up to 30%～50% among different host trees at the end of lac insect life history, otherwise, the increment of the area of branch with lac insect is up to 15%～40%; the branch has different growing speed in different orientation, the longitude growth is 5 times faster than transverse growth; the host trees of lac insect grow slowly at the beginning of lac insect life history, but grow fast during lac insect adult period. Differently aged branches of the same host tree have different growing speed. Younger branches grow faster than order ones. Host tree of lac insect grows slower during winter than that during estival. Lac insect has higher mortality in larvae stage, and the total mortality of lac insect is more than 90%. Former formula for lac insect mortality M=(d-d')/d, ignores that host tree growth has influence on the statistical result of lac insect population. According to the truth that host tree of lac insect grows continuously during the whole life cycle of lac insect, an improved new formula to count mortality of lac insect M=(d-Cd')/d is proposed.
Field research was conducted on 7 host tree species and lac insect population dynamic of lac insect during estival generation. The results are as follow: Different host tree has different growing speed, the increment of the area of branch without lac insect is up to 30%～50% among different host trees at the end of lac insect life history, otherwise, the increment of the area of branch with lac insect is up to 15%～40%; the branch has different growing speed in different orientation, the longitude growth is 5 times faster than transverse growth; the host trees of lac insect grow slowly at the beginning of lac insect life history, but grow fast during lac insect adult period. Differently aged branches of the same host tree have different growing speed. Younger branches grow faster than order ones. Host tree of lac insect grows slower during winter than that during estival. Lac insect has higher mortality in larvae stage, and the total mortality of lac insect is more than 90%. Former formula for lac insect mortality M=(d-d')/d, ignores that host tree growth has influence on the statistical result of lac insect population. According to the truth that host tree of lac insect grows continuously during the whole life cycle of lac insect, an improved new formula to count mortality of lac insect M=(d-Cd')/d is proposed.
2003, 16(2): 141-145.
Abstract:
A Three generation of Populus deltoids ×P.cathayana was used to study the genetic variation of basic wood properties and the results showed that:wood specific gravity and fiber length have major gene effects of quantitative traits and the heterosis of those traits exist in F2 population; the other way round,fiber width and microfibril angle have polygene effects of quantitative traits.High negative correlations were found between fiber width and specific gravity,fiber width and ratio of length to width. High positive correlations wrer found between fiber length and fiber width,fiber length and width and ratio of length to width.And correlations were not found between fiber length and microfibril angle,fiber width and ratio of length to width.This research can provide reference for pulp wood breeding and selecting of poplars.
A Three generation of Populus deltoids ×P.cathayana was used to study the genetic variation of basic wood properties and the results showed that:wood specific gravity and fiber length have major gene effects of quantitative traits and the heterosis of those traits exist in F2 population; the other way round,fiber width and microfibril angle have polygene effects of quantitative traits.High negative correlations were found between fiber width and specific gravity,fiber width and ratio of length to width. High positive correlations wrer found between fiber length and fiber width,fiber length and width and ratio of length to width.And correlations were not found between fiber length and microfibril angle,fiber width and ratio of length to width.This research can provide reference for pulp wood breeding and selecting of poplars.
2003, 16(2): 146-152.
Abstract:
The evaluation of the forest ecological service values is summarized, and based on the research results of the past 2 decades in Hainan Island by Jianfengling Long term Research Station for Tropical Forest Ecosystems (JLRS), the values for ecological service function of natural tropical forest in Hainan Island were calculated by means of methods of the forestation cost, equivalence prices substitution and environment repaired cost and so on The total value of the islands forest was up to 43.9×108 RMB yuan per year, of which the carbon dioxide absorption occupied 20.53% of the total, the oxygen releasing 22.82%, fertilizer make by litter fall 6.44%, soil erosion protection 0.81%, nutrients keeping 4.19%, water storage in soil 13.49%, floodwater adjusting in rainy season and water supply in dry season 24.70%, and improving environment for ecological tourism 7.02% The value of the primary rain forest in Hainan is near to 7 000 RMB yuan·hm-2·a-11 and the secondary rain forest is more than 6 500 RMB yuan according to the market prices at the end of 1999.
The evaluation of the forest ecological service values is summarized, and based on the research results of the past 2 decades in Hainan Island by Jianfengling Long term Research Station for Tropical Forest Ecosystems (JLRS), the values for ecological service function of natural tropical forest in Hainan Island were calculated by means of methods of the forestation cost, equivalence prices substitution and environment repaired cost and so on The total value of the islands forest was up to 43.9×108 RMB yuan per year, of which the carbon dioxide absorption occupied 20.53% of the total, the oxygen releasing 22.82%, fertilizer make by litter fall 6.44%, soil erosion protection 0.81%, nutrients keeping 4.19%, water storage in soil 13.49%, floodwater adjusting in rainy season and water supply in dry season 24.70%, and improving environment for ecological tourism 7.02% The value of the primary rain forest in Hainan is near to 7 000 RMB yuan·hm-2·a-11 and the secondary rain forest is more than 6 500 RMB yuan according to the market prices at the end of 1999.
2003, 16(2): 153-158.
Abstract:
Schleichera oleosa is the best host tree species of Kerria lacca. The trees can grow,flower and fruit normally in hot and dry valley area of Yunnan Province.It begins to bud in early March,and most of which blooms from the middle of March to the middle of April.The flower rate is about 30%,in which 19.2% is male flower and 10.8% is perfect flower (both staminate flower and monoclinous flower). Anemophilous pollination exists between different flowers. One flower cluster of perfect plant has 41 flowers, 60% of which drops,the rate of fruiting at last is 39.9% and the last fruit holding rate is 6.3% of the perfect flower and 38.2% of the beginning fruit. The shattering rates of flower and fruit are very high mainly for strong wind in March and rainwater in May. The seeds take to mature from the end of July to middle of August at Ynanjiang. The shell of seed should be broken that can makes germination rate high. It is highly important to locate a nursery where is full of light and airing.
Schleichera oleosa is the best host tree species of Kerria lacca. The trees can grow,flower and fruit normally in hot and dry valley area of Yunnan Province.It begins to bud in early March,and most of which blooms from the middle of March to the middle of April.The flower rate is about 30%,in which 19.2% is male flower and 10.8% is perfect flower (both staminate flower and monoclinous flower). Anemophilous pollination exists between different flowers. One flower cluster of perfect plant has 41 flowers, 60% of which drops,the rate of fruiting at last is 39.9% and the last fruit holding rate is 6.3% of the perfect flower and 38.2% of the beginning fruit. The shattering rates of flower and fruit are very high mainly for strong wind in March and rainwater in May. The seeds take to mature from the end of July to middle of August at Ynanjiang. The shell of seed should be broken that can makes germination rate high. It is highly important to locate a nursery where is full of light and airing.
A Study on the Forecast Model of Dendrolimus punctatus Occurrence Based on Artificial Neural Network
2003, 16(2): 159-165.
Abstract:
The principle and methodology of artificial neural network were used to select some meteorological factors closely correlated to the occurrence area, population density and damage rate by the methods of correlation coefficients and step regression. The BP network models of meteorological factors and occurrence area, population density and damage rate of Dendrolimus punctatus were established. The results showed that these BP models established have satisfied fitting and forecast precision. When the amount of implicit layer neuron is 15 and the amount of forecast factor is 8, the mean error of forecast of 2 groups of reserved occurrence zone was 3.15% in two years. When the amount of implicit layer neuron is 8 and the amount of forecast factor is 6,the mean error of forecast of reserved occurrence zone was 5.91%, while when the amount of implicit layer neuron is 4 and the amount of forecast factor is 5, the mean error of forecast of reserved occurrence zone was 10.65%.
The principle and methodology of artificial neural network were used to select some meteorological factors closely correlated to the occurrence area, population density and damage rate by the methods of correlation coefficients and step regression. The BP network models of meteorological factors and occurrence area, population density and damage rate of Dendrolimus punctatus were established. The results showed that these BP models established have satisfied fitting and forecast precision. When the amount of implicit layer neuron is 15 and the amount of forecast factor is 8, the mean error of forecast of 2 groups of reserved occurrence zone was 3.15% in two years. When the amount of implicit layer neuron is 8 and the amount of forecast factor is 6,the mean error of forecast of reserved occurrence zone was 5.91%, while when the amount of implicit layer neuron is 4 and the amount of forecast factor is 5, the mean error of forecast of reserved occurrence zone was 10.65%.
2003, 16(2): 166-170.
Abstract:
The leaves of evergreen broadleaved tree species Ilex rotunda, Machilus thunbergii, Pittosporum tobira and deciduous broadleaved tree species Celtis sinensis, Ginkgo biloba, Cornus florida were collected from the time of full leaf expansion to the end of growing season. The N and P concentrations in new and old leaves of evergreen broadleaved species dropped rapidly from May to July, and then changed slightly, and the changes of N and P concentrations in old leaves were small. The N and P concentrations in leaves of deciduous broadleaved species gradually decreased with time. P retranslocation efficiency for most tree species was greater than their N retranslocation efficiency. N and P retranslocation efficiencies in the evergreen species were higher than that in the deciduous species.
The leaves of evergreen broadleaved tree species Ilex rotunda, Machilus thunbergii, Pittosporum tobira and deciduous broadleaved tree species Celtis sinensis, Ginkgo biloba, Cornus florida were collected from the time of full leaf expansion to the end of growing season. The N and P concentrations in new and old leaves of evergreen broadleaved species dropped rapidly from May to July, and then changed slightly, and the changes of N and P concentrations in old leaves were small. The N and P concentrations in leaves of deciduous broadleaved species gradually decreased with time. P retranslocation efficiency for most tree species was greater than their N retranslocation efficiency. N and P retranslocation efficiencies in the evergreen species were higher than that in the deciduous species.
2003, 16(2): 171-176.
Abstract:
Based on pot experiment, effects of phosphorus fertilization on growth and physiological indexes and phosphorus content in leaves of two year old ginkgo seedlings were studied. The results are as follows: (1)With increasing levels of phosphorus supply from 0.0 to 3.0 g P2O5 /pot, the growth and physiological indexes in ginkgo seedlings increased, while with increasing levels of phosphorus over 3.0 g P2O5/pot all of the indexes decreased. (2)The phosphorus content in leaves went up with increasing levels of phosphorus supply from 0.0 to 3.0 g P2O5/pot but went down gradually with further phosphorus supply from 3.0 to 4.0 g P2O5/pot. (3)There are quadric relationships between growth indexes and phosphorus supplies. Based on this, regression models were established and proper application amount of phosphorus from 2.11 to 2.38 g P2O5/pot for two year old ginkgo seedlings was calculated.
Based on pot experiment, effects of phosphorus fertilization on growth and physiological indexes and phosphorus content in leaves of two year old ginkgo seedlings were studied. The results are as follows: (1)With increasing levels of phosphorus supply from 0.0 to 3.0 g P2O5 /pot, the growth and physiological indexes in ginkgo seedlings increased, while with increasing levels of phosphorus over 3.0 g P2O5/pot all of the indexes decreased. (2)The phosphorus content in leaves went up with increasing levels of phosphorus supply from 0.0 to 3.0 g P2O5/pot but went down gradually with further phosphorus supply from 3.0 to 4.0 g P2O5/pot. (3)There are quadric relationships between growth indexes and phosphorus supplies. Based on this, regression models were established and proper application amount of phosphorus from 2.11 to 2.38 g P2O5/pot for two year old ginkgo seedlings was calculated.
2003, 16(2): 177-182.
Abstract:
The seedling provenance trial of Choerospondias axillaris containing 26 seedlots collected from 8 provinces (zone) was conducted in Yuhang,Zhejiang Province. The results showed there were significant differences in seedling height, ground diamater, field germinination and germinination number of 4 seedling traits of Choerospondias axillaris provenance, and broad heritability of 4 seedling traits were high. The seedling height growth of Choerospondias axillaris provenance displayed quick growing period in July and August, height increment was more than 79.0% of total height increment, and height growth was more than 90.0 cm per month. Before July and after September, the seedling height increment was only 13.9% and 7.0% of total height increment respectively. The seedling height and ground diameter were even negative related to latitude of the seedlots, while they were negative closely related to longitude of the seedlots. 4 quick growing provenances have been selected among seedlings, they are Nandan, Rongan, Hezhou in Guangxi,Huaan in Fujian. 3 provenance zone were districted as system cluster, its was quick growing provenance zone for major south subtropical, middle growing provenance zone for major middle subtropical and slow growing provenance zone for major north subtropical.
The seedling provenance trial of Choerospondias axillaris containing 26 seedlots collected from 8 provinces (zone) was conducted in Yuhang,Zhejiang Province. The results showed there were significant differences in seedling height, ground diamater, field germinination and germinination number of 4 seedling traits of Choerospondias axillaris provenance, and broad heritability of 4 seedling traits were high. The seedling height growth of Choerospondias axillaris provenance displayed quick growing period in July and August, height increment was more than 79.0% of total height increment, and height growth was more than 90.0 cm per month. Before July and after September, the seedling height increment was only 13.9% and 7.0% of total height increment respectively. The seedling height and ground diameter were even negative related to latitude of the seedlots, while they were negative closely related to longitude of the seedlots. 4 quick growing provenances have been selected among seedlings, they are Nandan, Rongan, Hezhou in Guangxi,Huaan in Fujian. 3 provenance zone were districted as system cluster, its was quick growing provenance zone for major south subtropical, middle growing provenance zone for major middle subtropical and slow growing provenance zone for major north subtropical.
2003, 16(2): 183-188.
Abstract:
The result of pruning on 2～5 years old Paulownia trees without natural trunk extension showed, the effective way to promote trunk extension and its growth is to pruning the top branches and part of branches of lower canopy. The optimum pruning applications should be conducted in spring 3 years after plantation, under 50%～70% of pruning strength and leaving 2～3 layers of side branches. The successful rate of trunk extension by this method is 97.5% with the result of its height, diameter and form quotiety (FQ) of 5.7m, 104cm and 0.59, respectively; which had less effectives of affecting the growth of branches and the stock, but had much more effectiveness of promoting the growth of upper trunk and stock of the main trunk, with the result of reducing the FQ of the formal trunk. Under the treatment of pruning on low seedling with comparison of CK of high seedling, the height of the trunk is 71.7% higher than that of CK. After 2～3 years growth, the extension part combined well with the formal trunk whose stock reached 27.1%～32.3% of the whole volume. Compared with CK, there was no significant change of the growth of formal branches of lower canopy and its volume, on the other hand, the growth of the upper branch and standing stock of main trunk is 7.2%～8.5%, 42.2%～45.6% higher than that of CK, respectively; the treatment reduced the tapering grade, and at the same time enhanced the FQ.
The result of pruning on 2～5 years old Paulownia trees without natural trunk extension showed, the effective way to promote trunk extension and its growth is to pruning the top branches and part of branches of lower canopy. The optimum pruning applications should be conducted in spring 3 years after plantation, under 50%～70% of pruning strength and leaving 2～3 layers of side branches. The successful rate of trunk extension by this method is 97.5% with the result of its height, diameter and form quotiety (FQ) of 5.7m, 104cm and 0.59, respectively; which had less effectives of affecting the growth of branches and the stock, but had much more effectiveness of promoting the growth of upper trunk and stock of the main trunk, with the result of reducing the FQ of the formal trunk. Under the treatment of pruning on low seedling with comparison of CK of high seedling, the height of the trunk is 71.7% higher than that of CK. After 2～3 years growth, the extension part combined well with the formal trunk whose stock reached 27.1%～32.3% of the whole volume. Compared with CK, there was no significant change of the growth of formal branches of lower canopy and its volume, on the other hand, the growth of the upper branch and standing stock of main trunk is 7.2%～8.5%, 42.2%～45.6% higher than that of CK, respectively; the treatment reduced the tapering grade, and at the same time enhanced the FQ.
2003, 16(2): 189-195.
Abstract:
The ecological protective functions of water conservation forest, which had managed by different technological measures were studied in Wu Tai mountain,Shanxi Province. The results showed that: the canopy interception ratio was the highest in Pinus tabulaeformis pure forest and the lowest in Betula platylla pure forest.the water holding capacity was the highest in coniferous and broadleaved mixed forests soil, follwed by that in the broadleved forest soil, and was the lowest in coniferous plantation soil. The water infiltration ratio in broadleaved forest soil was higher than that in coniferous and broadleaved mixed forests soil. The soil improvement effect was obvious in shrub forest after hill closure. The tree increment after treatment by tending measure was higher than by close the land and all close the land measures. The ecological protection functions varied in different technological measures. Different manage patterns should chosen according to the forest stand, the forest structure and the vegetation tapes.
The ecological protective functions of water conservation forest, which had managed by different technological measures were studied in Wu Tai mountain,Shanxi Province. The results showed that: the canopy interception ratio was the highest in Pinus tabulaeformis pure forest and the lowest in Betula platylla pure forest.the water holding capacity was the highest in coniferous and broadleaved mixed forests soil, follwed by that in the broadleved forest soil, and was the lowest in coniferous plantation soil. The water infiltration ratio in broadleaved forest soil was higher than that in coniferous and broadleaved mixed forests soil. The soil improvement effect was obvious in shrub forest after hill closure. The tree increment after treatment by tending measure was higher than by close the land and all close the land measures. The ecological protection functions varied in different technological measures. Different manage patterns should chosen according to the forest stand, the forest structure and the vegetation tapes.
2003, 16(2): 196-202.
Abstract:
The species diversity of Phyllostachys praecox grove in Linan, Zhejiang Province were investigated. The species diversity index, richness index and the coefficient of community similarity were compared for different human disturbance. The results indicated that:(1)The community structure of Lei bamboo forest were simplified because of intensive disturbance. Meanwhile, the disturbance caused the disappearance of the shrub layer and the lower richness of the herb layer.(2)Both the species and the dominant species were distinctly different under different human disturbance and the coefficient of community similarity between plots was also low.(3)Shannon Wiener and Simpson diversity index and richness index decreased with the increase of human disturbance.(4)The influence of the disturbance for the lower site quality was more significant. In addition, the measures on how to protect the biodiversity and develop sustainable management of Lei bamboo forest were suggested.
The species diversity of Phyllostachys praecox grove in Linan, Zhejiang Province were investigated. The species diversity index, richness index and the coefficient of community similarity were compared for different human disturbance. The results indicated that:(1)The community structure of Lei bamboo forest were simplified because of intensive disturbance. Meanwhile, the disturbance caused the disappearance of the shrub layer and the lower richness of the herb layer.(2)Both the species and the dominant species were distinctly different under different human disturbance and the coefficient of community similarity between plots was also low.(3)Shannon Wiener and Simpson diversity index and richness index decreased with the increase of human disturbance.(4)The influence of the disturbance for the lower site quality was more significant. In addition, the measures on how to protect the biodiversity and develop sustainable management of Lei bamboo forest were suggested.
2003, 16(2): 203-208.
Abstract:
The genetic gain test plantations of masson pine located in Wuping of Fujian (China) were used to certificate realized genetic gain of superior provenances, seed stands and clonal seed orchards. Pilot and demonstration plantation indicated that application of superior provenance will bring on marked increase of productivity. At good site, the genetic gains of tree height and DBH at age 8 for both superior provenances (Ningming of Guangxi and Xinyi of Guangdong) were 17%～47% and 12%～25% respectively. Progeny of four seed stands at age five (including Wuping of Fujian, Jian of Jiangxi, Ningming of Guangxi and Xinyi of Guangdong) did not show significant expected genetic gain. The progeny of some seed stand was not as good as check. Growth performance of two seed orchard seedlots (Tengxian of Guangxi and Huangping of Guizhou) at different latitude and site demonstrated high realized genetic gains which were related to site condition tested and clone constitute of seed orchard. Marked genetic gain of seed orchard seedlot from Tengxian of Guangxi was only found at good site. The genetic gain of seed orchard seedlot from Huangping of Guizhou was high in spite of site condition, because of its high growth rate and genetic stability.
The genetic gain test plantations of masson pine located in Wuping of Fujian (China) were used to certificate realized genetic gain of superior provenances, seed stands and clonal seed orchards. Pilot and demonstration plantation indicated that application of superior provenance will bring on marked increase of productivity. At good site, the genetic gains of tree height and DBH at age 8 for both superior provenances (Ningming of Guangxi and Xinyi of Guangdong) were 17%～47% and 12%～25% respectively. Progeny of four seed stands at age five (including Wuping of Fujian, Jian of Jiangxi, Ningming of Guangxi and Xinyi of Guangdong) did not show significant expected genetic gain. The progeny of some seed stand was not as good as check. Growth performance of two seed orchard seedlots (Tengxian of Guangxi and Huangping of Guizhou) at different latitude and site demonstrated high realized genetic gains which were related to site condition tested and clone constitute of seed orchard. Marked genetic gain of seed orchard seedlot from Tengxian of Guangxi was only found at good site. The genetic gain of seed orchard seedlot from Huangping of Guizhou was high in spite of site condition, because of its high growth rate and genetic stability.
2003, 16(2): 209-215.
Abstract:
Through typical sampling technique, the relationship between forest factors and occurrence of Pinus armandii blister rust was studied in 222 Forest Farm and Qiaojia County. It was found that the key forest factors in these two places are different. In 222 Forest Farm, the key forest factors are the tending status of trees, slope position and sanitation conditions under trees, but that in Qiaojia County are the tending status of trees, the density of trees, sanitation conditions under trees and canopy density. The results provide some references for forest management and sustainable control of Pinus armandii blister rust.
Through typical sampling technique, the relationship between forest factors and occurrence of Pinus armandii blister rust was studied in 222 Forest Farm and Qiaojia County. It was found that the key forest factors in these two places are different. In 222 Forest Farm, the key forest factors are the tending status of trees, slope position and sanitation conditions under trees, but that in Qiaojia County are the tending status of trees, the density of trees, sanitation conditions under trees and canopy density. The results provide some references for forest management and sustainable control of Pinus armandii blister rust.
2003, 16(2): 216-224.
Abstract:
Many studies have been conducted on recovering and developing Pinus koraiensis broadleaved mixed forest, the typical zonality forest on the northern of northeast China. In this paper, the development of the growth environment of Pinus koraiensis young tree on Pinus koraiensis broadleaved mixed forest is reviewed, which include the effect of some factors, such as stand structure, light, associated tree species, site condition, on the growth of Pinus koraiensis young tree.The authors also put forward some suggestions on futures study.
Many studies have been conducted on recovering and developing Pinus koraiensis broadleaved mixed forest, the typical zonality forest on the northern of northeast China. In this paper, the development of the growth environment of Pinus koraiensis young tree on Pinus koraiensis broadleaved mixed forest is reviewed, which include the effect of some factors, such as stand structure, light, associated tree species, site condition, on the growth of Pinus koraiensis young tree.The authors also put forward some suggestions on futures study.
2003, 16(2): 225-232.
Abstract:
The distribution of natural stands and the present status of natural resources of Pinus bungeana is summarized, and the research progress is reviewed, including taxation, resistances, morphologic variation, seed dormancy and break, seedling technology, utilization research and cambial ultrastructure, etc. Some problems, needed to be solved at present and in future about Pinus bungeana research are discussed and the suggestions are given.
The distribution of natural stands and the present status of natural resources of Pinus bungeana is summarized, and the research progress is reviewed, including taxation, resistances, morphologic variation, seed dormancy and break, seedling technology, utilization research and cambial ultrastructure, etc. Some problems, needed to be solved at present and in future about Pinus bungeana research are discussed and the suggestions are given.
2003, 16(2): 233-239.
Abstract:
The recent research progress on the toxin of entomopathogenic fungi is reviewed. The toxins discovered can be classified in two groups according to their structure and function. One group is low molecular weight compounds including cyclodepsipetides, pigments, organic acids and others. The other is higher molecular weight proteins including proteases and protein toxins. Some toxins, such as, beauverin and destruxin, are listed in the paper. The culture conditions, the toxin isolation, bioassay and action mechanism are summarized.
The recent research progress on the toxin of entomopathogenic fungi is reviewed. The toxins discovered can be classified in two groups according to their structure and function. One group is low molecular weight compounds including cyclodepsipetides, pigments, organic acids and others. The other is higher molecular weight proteins including proteases and protein toxins. Some toxins, such as, beauverin and destruxin, are listed in the paper. The culture conditions, the toxin isolation, bioassay and action mechanism are summarized.
2003, 16(2): 240-244.
Abstract:
This paper deals with tube seedling afforestation of Calamus simplicifolius. The survival rate of tube seedlings planted in arboretum and Duadanga grandiflora forest is not lower than that of normal seedlings. That indicates the afforestation requirements of tube seedlings, such as site selection, site preparation, shading trees and planting, can be similar to those of normal seedlings. The survival rate of tube seedlings planted in arboretum, teak forest, Michelia macclurei forest, Duadanga grandiflora forest and natural secondary forest can be higher than ninety percent. The afforestation results of clump seedlings show that the survival rate of shoots in the clump is relative to their initial height before afforestation. The highest shoot in clumps has the highest survival rate. In clump seedlings, individual shoots with a height lower than 20 cm have very low afforestation survival rate. There is eminent difference among the height growth of different tissue culture families. This indicates the selection of elite family or plus plant can enhance the production of rattan forests. Experiment results also show that plants developed from tube seedlings have stronger suckering ability and can germinate suckers one or two years earlier than those developed from normal seedlings. This phenomenon needs more research and more attention should be paid on the remnant impact of plant growth regulators applied in proliferation culture.
This paper deals with tube seedling afforestation of Calamus simplicifolius. The survival rate of tube seedlings planted in arboretum and Duadanga grandiflora forest is not lower than that of normal seedlings. That indicates the afforestation requirements of tube seedlings, such as site selection, site preparation, shading trees and planting, can be similar to those of normal seedlings. The survival rate of tube seedlings planted in arboretum, teak forest, Michelia macclurei forest, Duadanga grandiflora forest and natural secondary forest can be higher than ninety percent. The afforestation results of clump seedlings show that the survival rate of shoots in the clump is relative to their initial height before afforestation. The highest shoot in clumps has the highest survival rate. In clump seedlings, individual shoots with a height lower than 20 cm have very low afforestation survival rate. There is eminent difference among the height growth of different tissue culture families. This indicates the selection of elite family or plus plant can enhance the production of rattan forests. Experiment results also show that plants developed from tube seedlings have stronger suckering ability and can germinate suckers one or two years earlier than those developed from normal seedlings. This phenomenon needs more research and more attention should be paid on the remnant impact of plant growth regulators applied in proliferation culture.
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