2006 Vol. 19, No. 2
Display Method:
2006, 19(2): 129-134.
[Abstract]
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Abstract:
从黄河三角洲自然分布的中国柽柳中选出的2个无性系和从新疆引进的13种柽柳,以中国柽柳为对照,进行无性系遗传测定。通过对4年生3片区域试验林存活率、树高和地径生长量的调查及统计分析,证明东柽1号、2号两个无性系表现最好。在土壤含盐量3.2~4.6 g.kg-1的立地条件下,东柽1号、2号存活率均达88.3%;东柽1号树高、地径生长量分别大于对照17.6%、75.1%,东柽2号树高、地径生长量分别大于对照36.2%、28.4%;同时,观测研究了东柽1号、2号优良无性系的生物学特性。4年生柽柳在3地点的树高遗传力分别为0.90、0.89、0.83,地径遗传力分别为0.92、0.96、0.94。对柽柳树高和地径生长量与地点之间的互作分析得出:树种与地点之间的交互作用不显著,试验中生长表现优良的无性系在3个试验点都有很好的适应性。
从黄河三角洲自然分布的中国柽柳中选出的2个无性系和从新疆引进的13种柽柳,以中国柽柳为对照,进行无性系遗传测定。通过对4年生3片区域试验林存活率、树高和地径生长量的调查及统计分析,证明东柽1号、2号两个无性系表现最好。在土壤含盐量3.2~4.6 g.kg-1的立地条件下,东柽1号、2号存活率均达88.3%;东柽1号树高、地径生长量分别大于对照17.6%、75.1%,东柽2号树高、地径生长量分别大于对照36.2%、28.4%;同时,观测研究了东柽1号、2号优良无性系的生物学特性。4年生柽柳在3地点的树高遗传力分别为0.90、0.89、0.83,地径遗传力分别为0.92、0.96、0.94。对柽柳树高和地径生长量与地点之间的互作分析得出:树种与地点之间的交互作用不显著,试验中生长表现优良的无性系在3个试验点都有很好的适应性。
2006, 19(2): 135-140.
Abstract:
This paper presented the analysis on cutting and growth traits of 181 clones representing five E.urophylla S.T.Blake × E.tereticornis Smith hybrids.The hybrids and the clones within hybrid differed in all three cutting traits, number of roots per cutting(RN),the maximum root length per cutting(RL),and rooting percentage per plot(RP),at 0.01 significance level.For the three growth traits,height(H),diameter at breast height(D),and volume(V),the clones within hybrid differed at 0.01 significant level when 46 months old,while the hybrids showed non-significant difference.The broadsense heritability ranged from 0.32 to 0.94,implying moderate to high genetic control of the traits studied.No significant correlation was found between cutting traits and growth traits though either cutting traits or growth traits showed significant correlations(p<0.01).Age-age correlations between 13,18,and 46 months were significant at 0.01 level in all the growth traits,indicating the availability of clone selection at a relatively early age.Twenty-four superior clones were selected for further pilot trials basing on their performance in cutting and growth traits.It is efficient in eucalypt breeding to carry out clone test with cuttings raised directly from hybrid seed.
This paper presented the analysis on cutting and growth traits of 181 clones representing five E.urophylla S.T.Blake × E.tereticornis Smith hybrids.The hybrids and the clones within hybrid differed in all three cutting traits, number of roots per cutting(RN),the maximum root length per cutting(RL),and rooting percentage per plot(RP),at 0.01 significance level.For the three growth traits,height(H),diameter at breast height(D),and volume(V),the clones within hybrid differed at 0.01 significant level when 46 months old,while the hybrids showed non-significant difference.The broadsense heritability ranged from 0.32 to 0.94,implying moderate to high genetic control of the traits studied.No significant correlation was found between cutting traits and growth traits though either cutting traits or growth traits showed significant correlations(p<0.01).Age-age correlations between 13,18,and 46 months were significant at 0.01 level in all the growth traits,indicating the availability of clone selection at a relatively early age.Twenty-four superior clones were selected for further pilot trials basing on their performance in cutting and growth traits.It is efficient in eucalypt breeding to carry out clone test with cuttings raised directly from hybrid seed.
2006, 19(2): 141-144.
Abstract:
Tests for fitting the culture medium for Verticillium chlamydosporium which had high parasitic rate on Meloidogyne incognita eggs were bioassayed.The experiment studied on the influence of different carbon source and nitrogen source,initial pH value,inorganic salts on the sporulation by observing the spore output every 12 hours.Under the culture condition of temperature 28 ℃,200 mL inventory per 500 mL flask and speed of agitation 160 r·min-1,the optimal fermentation medium was obtained which included glucose 20 g·L-1,corn flour 20 g·L-1,soybean powder 20 g·L1,KH_2PO_4 0.5 g·L-1,MgSO_4·7 H_2O 0.5 g·L-1.The best initial pH value ranged from 5.0 to 7.0 and the optimum time for fermentation was 120～144 h.
Tests for fitting the culture medium for Verticillium chlamydosporium which had high parasitic rate on Meloidogyne incognita eggs were bioassayed.The experiment studied on the influence of different carbon source and nitrogen source,initial pH value,inorganic salts on the sporulation by observing the spore output every 12 hours.Under the culture condition of temperature 28 ℃,200 mL inventory per 500 mL flask and speed of agitation 160 r·min-1,the optimal fermentation medium was obtained which included glucose 20 g·L-1,corn flour 20 g·L-1,soybean powder 20 g·L1,KH_2PO_4 0.5 g·L-1,MgSO_4·7 H_2O 0.5 g·L-1.The best initial pH value ranged from 5.0 to 7.0 and the optimum time for fermentation was 120～144 h.
2006, 19(2): 145-150.
Abstract:
The results of investigation and economic benefits analysis on increments,forest soil and vegetation of plantations with multiple tree species and under various management patterns showed that the increments of fast-growing broadleaved tree species such as Mytilaria laosensis,Castanopsis hystrix,Betula alnoides,etc.were higher that of coniferous species.Mytilaria laosensis had the highest annual average dbh and height increments,which were 1.67 cm,1.29 m respectively,60.6% and 61.2% higher compared with Pinus massoniana,70.4% and 57.3% higher compared with Cunninghamia lanceolata.Betula alnoides had the highest annual average stock volume increment(20.44 m3·hm-2),which was near double compared with that of Cunninghamia lanceolata.The economic benefits of broadleaved forest were obviously higher than that thet of coniferous forest,while that of mixed forest was higher than that of pure coniferous forest.There existed obvious of extreme obvious difference in economic benefits among tree species.Betula alnoides had the highest benefits with the annual average value of 21 459.7 RMB yuan per hectare,ten times that of Cunninghamia lanceolata.The study on soil physical and chemical properties showed that after afforestation,the soil bulk density,water-holding capacity and water permeability improved,the soil organic matter content raised and aluminum-enrichment ability was promoted.For other soil nutrients,there existed significant difference among tree species,but overall,the broadleaved forest was better than coniferous forest in improving soil physical and chemical properties.
The results of investigation and economic benefits analysis on increments,forest soil and vegetation of plantations with multiple tree species and under various management patterns showed that the increments of fast-growing broadleaved tree species such as Mytilaria laosensis,Castanopsis hystrix,Betula alnoides,etc.were higher that of coniferous species.Mytilaria laosensis had the highest annual average dbh and height increments,which were 1.67 cm,1.29 m respectively,60.6% and 61.2% higher compared with Pinus massoniana,70.4% and 57.3% higher compared with Cunninghamia lanceolata.Betula alnoides had the highest annual average stock volume increment(20.44 m3·hm-2),which was near double compared with that of Cunninghamia lanceolata.The economic benefits of broadleaved forest were obviously higher than that thet of coniferous forest,while that of mixed forest was higher than that of pure coniferous forest.There existed obvious of extreme obvious difference in economic benefits among tree species.Betula alnoides had the highest benefits with the annual average value of 21 459.7 RMB yuan per hectare,ten times that of Cunninghamia lanceolata.The study on soil physical and chemical properties showed that after afforestation,the soil bulk density,water-holding capacity and water permeability improved,the soil organic matter content raised and aluminum-enrichment ability was promoted.For other soil nutrients,there existed significant difference among tree species,but overall,the broadleaved forest was better than coniferous forest in improving soil physical and chemical properties.
2006, 19(2): 151-157.
Abstract:
Researches on restoration technology of degenerated artificial haloxylon ammodendron forest were carried out.Results showed that when irrigating Haloxylon ammodendron woodland by drip irrigation,photosynthetic ratio of Haloxylon ammodendron and soil moisture,community vegetation and diversity all gradually increased,as well as the functions of windbreak and sand fixation.By setting up mechanical sand barriers on degenerated Haloxylon ammodendron woodland,the roughness of woodland increased;the wind speed and density of sand-driving wind of Haloxylon ammodendron woodland at 0～20 cm decreased.The aim for breaking wind and fixing move sand dune had come true by Haloxylon ammodendron forest with mechanical sand barriers.Irrigated Haloxylon ammodendron woodland in spring,the growth ratio of Haloxylon ammodendron and soil moisture,community vegetation and diversity of Haloxylon ammodendron forest all gradually increased,as well as the ecological functions for wind break and sand fixation.The soil-crust reconstruction included rainfall collection mode and water down-soak mode.Since the rainfall collection mode and water down-soak mode applied for one and two years,soil moisture near plant of Haloxylon ammodendron increased obviously.All the four measures had obvious positive effect on restoration of the degenerated Haloxylon ammodendron and its environment.Drip irrigation and mechanical sand barriers should be the main measures to be extended at present and in the future,and irrigation in spring and soil-crust reconstruction should be the complementary measures.
Researches on restoration technology of degenerated artificial haloxylon ammodendron forest were carried out.Results showed that when irrigating Haloxylon ammodendron woodland by drip irrigation,photosynthetic ratio of Haloxylon ammodendron and soil moisture,community vegetation and diversity all gradually increased,as well as the functions of windbreak and sand fixation.By setting up mechanical sand barriers on degenerated Haloxylon ammodendron woodland,the roughness of woodland increased;the wind speed and density of sand-driving wind of Haloxylon ammodendron woodland at 0～20 cm decreased.The aim for breaking wind and fixing move sand dune had come true by Haloxylon ammodendron forest with mechanical sand barriers.Irrigated Haloxylon ammodendron woodland in spring,the growth ratio of Haloxylon ammodendron and soil moisture,community vegetation and diversity of Haloxylon ammodendron forest all gradually increased,as well as the ecological functions for wind break and sand fixation.The soil-crust reconstruction included rainfall collection mode and water down-soak mode.Since the rainfall collection mode and water down-soak mode applied for one and two years,soil moisture near plant of Haloxylon ammodendron increased obviously.All the four measures had obvious positive effect on restoration of the degenerated Haloxylon ammodendron and its environment.Drip irrigation and mechanical sand barriers should be the main measures to be extended at present and in the future,and irrigation in spring and soil-crust reconstruction should be the complementary measures.
2006, 19(2): 158-164.
Abstract:
This paper was on the basis of the national standard and methods of selecting and breeding of high oil yield oiltea camellia clones .The characteristics of relevant trait index of the yield and the oil quality were studied.The results indicated that the yield and quality of the oiltea camellia had not obvious relativity.The main economic trait index had different nature and hereditary stability.The yield related positively to the ratios of fresh fruit oilness and the seed kernel,but had no obviously relevancy with the component part of fatty acid.The linoleic acid and the linolenic acid and the palmitic acid related negatively to the oleic acid.The linoleic acid related positively to the seed ratios of fresh fruit and the palmitic acid.Under the double index systems control of oil yield(above 750 kg·hm-2) and oil quality(linoleic acid content must be more than 8.5%),6 high yield and high linoleic acid content clones were screened out as follows: GS848,G6,G68,GX46,GS834,G71.The average oil yield was 1 063 kg·hm-2,the content of oleic acid was 80.0%,and the content of linoleic acid was 9.7%.All the clones had been provided with high and stable yield and superior quality.
This paper was on the basis of the national standard and methods of selecting and breeding of high oil yield oiltea camellia clones .The characteristics of relevant trait index of the yield and the oil quality were studied.The results indicated that the yield and quality of the oiltea camellia had not obvious relativity.The main economic trait index had different nature and hereditary stability.The yield related positively to the ratios of fresh fruit oilness and the seed kernel,but had no obviously relevancy with the component part of fatty acid.The linoleic acid and the linolenic acid and the palmitic acid related negatively to the oleic acid.The linoleic acid related positively to the seed ratios of fresh fruit and the palmitic acid.Under the double index systems control of oil yield(above 750 kg·hm-2) and oil quality(linoleic acid content must be more than 8.5%),6 high yield and high linoleic acid content clones were screened out as follows: GS848,G6,G68,GX46,GS834,G71.The average oil yield was 1 063 kg·hm-2,the content of oleic acid was 80.0%,and the content of linoleic acid was 9.7%.All the clones had been provided with high and stable yield and superior quality.
2006, 19(2): 165-169.
Abstract:
Phylogenetics and Sequence composition of bamboos and cereals were analyzed based on current 8 full-length mRNA sequences in the public nucleotides databases.The results indicated that bamboos had more shorter phylogenetic distance and similar sequence composition(GC content and codon usage)with rice than other cereals.The results suggested that rice,as model plant for Poaceae,should have significant genomic synteny with bamboos,and its genomic sequences are important resource for bamboo genome research.
Phylogenetics and Sequence composition of bamboos and cereals were analyzed based on current 8 full-length mRNA sequences in the public nucleotides databases.The results indicated that bamboos had more shorter phylogenetic distance and similar sequence composition(GC content and codon usage)with rice than other cereals.The results suggested that rice,as model plant for Poaceae,should have significant genomic synteny with bamboos,and its genomic sequences are important resource for bamboo genome research.
2006, 19(2): 170-175.
Abstract:
Using sample plot investigation method,the ant communities and species diversity of 22 sample plots on 5 vertical and 5 horizontal bands from east slope of Xishan Forest Park in Kunming were surveyed in dry season.The species numbers ranged between 2～13,the individual densities ranged between 6.2～1 808.2 heads·m-2,the species diversity indexes ranged between 0.049 9～1.554 9,the evenness indexes ranged between 0.072 0～0.724 0,and the predominant indexes ranged between 0.183 8～0.982 8.Comparative result showed that the species number,individual density and species diversity index of Xishan Forest Park were lower than those of Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve and Gaoligong Mountain Nature Reserve,but its evenness index was slightly higher than that of Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve.On vertical band,along with the increasing of altitude,the species numbers,species diversity indexes and evenness indexes were basically decreasing,but the predominant indexes were basically increasing.The regularity was most distinct on middle section of the Taihuasi vertical band,but there were no regularity on middle-north section of the Huatingsi vertical band and north section of the Gaoqiao vertical band.On horizontal band,only species diversity indexes and evenness indexes expressed decreasing from south to north at the altitude of 2 250 m.From the viewpoint of biodiversity conservation,the vegetations of Xishan Forest Park were best conserved on middle section of the Taihuasi vertical band among the 5 vertical bands,meanwhile the vegetations of the park had the best structure at middle-upper section with altitude of 2 250 m.On vertical bands,94.9% of the similarity coefficients among ant communities ranged between 0.00～0.25,meanwhile only 5.1% ranged between 0.25～0.50.On horizontal bands,87.2% of the similarity coefficients among ant communities ranged between 0.00～0.25,at the same time only 12.8% ranged between 0.25～0.50. It was thus clear that although the scope of Xishan Forest Park is not large,the ant communities are distinctly divergence both on vertical and horizontal bands.
Using sample plot investigation method,the ant communities and species diversity of 22 sample plots on 5 vertical and 5 horizontal bands from east slope of Xishan Forest Park in Kunming were surveyed in dry season.The species numbers ranged between 2～13,the individual densities ranged between 6.2～1 808.2 heads·m-2,the species diversity indexes ranged between 0.049 9～1.554 9,the evenness indexes ranged between 0.072 0～0.724 0,and the predominant indexes ranged between 0.183 8～0.982 8.Comparative result showed that the species number,individual density and species diversity index of Xishan Forest Park were lower than those of Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve and Gaoligong Mountain Nature Reserve,but its evenness index was slightly higher than that of Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve.On vertical band,along with the increasing of altitude,the species numbers,species diversity indexes and evenness indexes were basically decreasing,but the predominant indexes were basically increasing.The regularity was most distinct on middle section of the Taihuasi vertical band,but there were no regularity on middle-north section of the Huatingsi vertical band and north section of the Gaoqiao vertical band.On horizontal band,only species diversity indexes and evenness indexes expressed decreasing from south to north at the altitude of 2 250 m.From the viewpoint of biodiversity conservation,the vegetations of Xishan Forest Park were best conserved on middle section of the Taihuasi vertical band among the 5 vertical bands,meanwhile the vegetations of the park had the best structure at middle-upper section with altitude of 2 250 m.On vertical bands,94.9% of the similarity coefficients among ant communities ranged between 0.00～0.25,meanwhile only 5.1% ranged between 0.25～0.50.On horizontal bands,87.2% of the similarity coefficients among ant communities ranged between 0.00～0.25,at the same time only 12.8% ranged between 0.25～0.50. It was thus clear that although the scope of Xishan Forest Park is not large,the ant communities are distinctly divergence both on vertical and horizontal bands.
2006, 19(2): 177-181.
Abstract:
Anatomic indexes in leaves of 4 species of Michelia including Michelia platyetala,Michelia tsoi,Michelia foveolata and Michelia maudiae(two-year-old seedling)and the performances in farm were observed and measured.The results showed that the differences of leaf thickness,cutin layer thickness,stockade tissue thickness,sponge tissue thickness,ratio of stockade tissue thickness to sponge tissue thickness,tightness of leaf tissue structure,sedimentation of leaf tissue structure and stoma density were significant,while the differences of the sizes of upper epidermis and lower epidermis were not.The trees with thick cutin layer,high stoma density,thick stockade tissue,high ratio of stockade tissue thickness to sponge tissue thickness, and high sedimentation of leaf tissue structure are of greater drought resistance.Leaf thickness,especially cutin layer thickness and sponge tissue thickness,are three important anatomic indexes of drought resistance.The order of their drought resistance are Michelia platyetala>Michchelia maudiae>Michelia foveolata>Michelia tsoi.
Anatomic indexes in leaves of 4 species of Michelia including Michelia platyetala,Michelia tsoi,Michelia foveolata and Michelia maudiae(two-year-old seedling)and the performances in farm were observed and measured.The results showed that the differences of leaf thickness,cutin layer thickness,stockade tissue thickness,sponge tissue thickness,ratio of stockade tissue thickness to sponge tissue thickness,tightness of leaf tissue structure,sedimentation of leaf tissue structure and stoma density were significant,while the differences of the sizes of upper epidermis and lower epidermis were not.The trees with thick cutin layer,high stoma density,thick stockade tissue,high ratio of stockade tissue thickness to sponge tissue thickness, and high sedimentation of leaf tissue structure are of greater drought resistance.Leaf thickness,especially cutin layer thickness and sponge tissue thickness,are three important anatomic indexes of drought resistance.The order of their drought resistance are Michelia platyetala>Michchelia maudiae>Michelia foveolata>Michelia tsoi.
2006, 19(2): 182-187.
Abstract:
Annual growth dynamics of one-year seedling,the accumulation and distribution of biomass and relation between growth of Azadirachta indica seedling and the meteorologic factors were studied.The result showed that annual growth dynamics of seedling agreed Logistic's curve feature.According to this equation,fitting model about height and caliper of seeding with meteorologic factors could be created.According to Logistic's model and continuous growth model of quadratic polynomial,the growing period of seedling could be divided into 4 stages,i.e.emergence phase,initiation phase,prosperous phase,and later phase.The growth of prosperous phase was over 70% of total increment.Period of caliper's initiation phase was shorter than that of the height increment,but the percentage of caliper's initiation period increment vs total was 2 times of height increment.The biomass'accumulation of seedling was closely related to height and caliper of seedling.The aboveground biomass was 69.1% of all biomass.The moisture content of whole tree was 1.58 times of total dry biomass.According to partial correlation analysis,the air temperature is the key factor affecting the growth of seedling among all meteorologic factors which restrict the growth of seedling.
Annual growth dynamics of one-year seedling,the accumulation and distribution of biomass and relation between growth of Azadirachta indica seedling and the meteorologic factors were studied.The result showed that annual growth dynamics of seedling agreed Logistic's curve feature.According to this equation,fitting model about height and caliper of seeding with meteorologic factors could be created.According to Logistic's model and continuous growth model of quadratic polynomial,the growing period of seedling could be divided into 4 stages,i.e.emergence phase,initiation phase,prosperous phase,and later phase.The growth of prosperous phase was over 70% of total increment.Period of caliper's initiation phase was shorter than that of the height increment,but the percentage of caliper's initiation period increment vs total was 2 times of height increment.The biomass'accumulation of seedling was closely related to height and caliper of seedling.The aboveground biomass was 69.1% of all biomass.The moisture content of whole tree was 1.58 times of total dry biomass.According to partial correlation analysis,the air temperature is the key factor affecting the growth of seedling among all meteorologic factors which restrict the growth of seedling.
2006, 19(2): 188-191.
Abstract:
Genetic variations of tracheid microfibril angle of earlywood and latewood of ten 10-year-old Japanese larch clones were investigated.The result revealed that the microfibril angle of earlywood and latewood had a high significant difference among clones.The microfibril angle of earlywood and latewood showed a highly significant difference among different rings.The microfibril angle of earlywood and latewood decreased with the increase of growth ring age.The variation pattern of microfibril angle of earlywood and latewood at DBH from pith to bark was well fitted by logarithm and power equation(R2>0.8).The broad sense heritability estimates of clones were 0.767 4 and 0.804 3,indicating the microfibril angle of earlywood and latewood was under strong genetic control.The average genetic gains were 21.82% and 29.75% for the microfibril angle of earlywood and latewood if 20% of the best clones was selected.
Genetic variations of tracheid microfibril angle of earlywood and latewood of ten 10-year-old Japanese larch clones were investigated.The result revealed that the microfibril angle of earlywood and latewood had a high significant difference among clones.The microfibril angle of earlywood and latewood showed a highly significant difference among different rings.The microfibril angle of earlywood and latewood decreased with the increase of growth ring age.The variation pattern of microfibril angle of earlywood and latewood at DBH from pith to bark was well fitted by logarithm and power equation(R2>0.8).The broad sense heritability estimates of clones were 0.767 4 and 0.804 3,indicating the microfibril angle of earlywood and latewood was under strong genetic control.The average genetic gains were 21.82% and 29.75% for the microfibril angle of earlywood and latewood if 20% of the best clones was selected.
2006, 19(2): 192-198.
Abstract:
In this study,in order to accurately extract desertification information based on remote sensing data,Spectral Mixture Analysis(SMA) was conducted in a typical area of Mu Us Sandland in semiarid region by taking farmland,sands,psammophytic vegetation,water and salinized land as endmembers.A comparison was made among SMA,TC transformation and supervised classification.The accuracy on the result was validated based on field survey data and compared with NDVI method.The result suggested that SMA could be used for extracting desertification information with an obviously better output based on remote sensing data than NDVI method.
In this study,in order to accurately extract desertification information based on remote sensing data,Spectral Mixture Analysis(SMA) was conducted in a typical area of Mu Us Sandland in semiarid region by taking farmland,sands,psammophytic vegetation,water and salinized land as endmembers.A comparison was made among SMA,TC transformation and supervised classification.The accuracy on the result was validated based on field survey data and compared with NDVI method.The result suggested that SMA could be used for extracting desertification information with an obviously better output based on remote sensing data than NDVI method.
2006, 19(2): 199-204.
Abstract:
Syringa oblata Lindl.is a native deciduous shrub species in China's temperate regions.Genetic resources of the species has been seriously degraded,remaining few scattered distributions.4 natural populations and 1 cultivated population of Syringa oblata.were analyzed using morphological markers.Morphological diversity among and within populations were analyzed based on 14 phenotypic traits,including three capsule characters,two foliage traits,five seed and four seedling traits,of 30 sample trees from each population.Variance analysis showed that there were significant variation among/within populations.The coefficient of variation(CV) was 14.25% to 29.13%,and phenotypic differentiation coefficient(Vst) ranged from 1.85% to 86.67%,the mean value of 5 populations was 43.93%.The variation within population was the main part of the phenotypic variation,variance component of within population variance was 56.06%.There is close relationship between the 10 phenotypic traits and ecological gradient variation in spatial distribution.Cluster analysis based on average taxonomic distance(Dist) of morphological traitsshowed that the 5 populations of Syringa oblata were divided into two groups and that the cultivated population was clustered into northern group.According to the research result,the lilac germplasm resources collections and protection strategy should be focused on protecting more populations as many as possible.On the other hand,integrality is also important.A selective breeding strategy should be employed not only selecting genetic variation within but also among populations.
Syringa oblata Lindl.is a native deciduous shrub species in China's temperate regions.Genetic resources of the species has been seriously degraded,remaining few scattered distributions.4 natural populations and 1 cultivated population of Syringa oblata.were analyzed using morphological markers.Morphological diversity among and within populations were analyzed based on 14 phenotypic traits,including three capsule characters,two foliage traits,five seed and four seedling traits,of 30 sample trees from each population.Variance analysis showed that there were significant variation among/within populations.The coefficient of variation(CV) was 14.25% to 29.13%,and phenotypic differentiation coefficient(Vst) ranged from 1.85% to 86.67%,the mean value of 5 populations was 43.93%.The variation within population was the main part of the phenotypic variation,variance component of within population variance was 56.06%.There is close relationship between the 10 phenotypic traits and ecological gradient variation in spatial distribution.Cluster analysis based on average taxonomic distance(Dist) of morphological traitsshowed that the 5 populations of Syringa oblata were divided into two groups and that the cultivated population was clustered into northern group.According to the research result,the lilac germplasm resources collections and protection strategy should be focused on protecting more populations as many as possible.On the other hand,integrality is also important.A selective breeding strategy should be employed not only selecting genetic variation within but also among populations.
2006, 19(2): 205-210.
Abstract:
The effects of eight ions on the Monochamus alternatus cellulase activity in vitro were studied in this paper.The results indicated that the activity reduced differently when concentration of ions were added except Fe++ in experiment conditions.Among which the effects of Cu++ and Pb++ were obvious on cellulolytic enzyme complex: endo-β-1,4-glucanase(Cx-ase),exo-β1,4-glucanase(C1-ase) and β-1,4-glucosidase in their gut,and activity had declined by 13.19%～99.98% and 42.27%～100% respectively under different concentration gradients.
The effects of eight ions on the Monochamus alternatus cellulase activity in vitro were studied in this paper.The results indicated that the activity reduced differently when concentration of ions were added except Fe++ in experiment conditions.Among which the effects of Cu++ and Pb++ were obvious on cellulolytic enzyme complex: endo-β-1,4-glucanase(Cx-ase),exo-β1,4-glucanase(C1-ase) and β-1,4-glucosidase in their gut,and activity had declined by 13.19%～99.98% and 42.27%～100% respectively under different concentration gradients.
2006, 19(2): 211-215.
Abstract:
Soil culture experiments at two phosphorus levels (5 mg·kg-1 and 180 mg·kg-1) were conducted to study the characteristics of phosphorus efficiency of different provenances of Liriodendron chinese. The result showed that phosphorus efficiency varied from 15.4% to 38.9% with the provenances tested.Based on the sensitivity to phosphorus supply and growth performance at two phosphorus levels,the provenance from Tongdao of Hunan could be considered as a superior provenance with high phosphorus efficiency or high tolerability to phosphorus stress,while that from Liping of Guizhou and Shaoyang of Hunan were two excellent provenances with moderate and strong sensitivity to phosphorus supply respectively.It was found that PE was significantly and positively related to P absorption,but P use efficiency.The dry matter accumulation of provenance under low phosphorus stress was a good indicator of its phosphorus efficiency.Compared with the provenances with low PE,the provenances with high PE possessed greater dry matter accumulation,more and larger leaves,extensive lateral root system and more fibrous roots in phosphorus stress.Provenances with low phosphorus efficiency were observed to appeared symptoms of phosphorus deficiency.
Soil culture experiments at two phosphorus levels (5 mg·kg-1 and 180 mg·kg-1) were conducted to study the characteristics of phosphorus efficiency of different provenances of Liriodendron chinese. The result showed that phosphorus efficiency varied from 15.4% to 38.9% with the provenances tested.Based on the sensitivity to phosphorus supply and growth performance at two phosphorus levels,the provenance from Tongdao of Hunan could be considered as a superior provenance with high phosphorus efficiency or high tolerability to phosphorus stress,while that from Liping of Guizhou and Shaoyang of Hunan were two excellent provenances with moderate and strong sensitivity to phosphorus supply respectively.It was found that PE was significantly and positively related to P absorption,but P use efficiency.The dry matter accumulation of provenance under low phosphorus stress was a good indicator of its phosphorus efficiency.Compared with the provenances with low PE,the provenances with high PE possessed greater dry matter accumulation,more and larger leaves,extensive lateral root system and more fibrous roots in phosphorus stress.Provenances with low phosphorus efficiency were observed to appeared symptoms of phosphorus deficiency.
2006, 19(2): 216-220.
Abstract:
Third instars larvae of cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera,were infected with different concentrations of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus(HaNPV).Survivors were collected respectively and reared in laboratory room.Mortality rate of the larvae,average weight of the single pupa and pupation rate were observed in parental generation and successive filial generations.The results showed that the virus not only led to death of larvae in parental and folial generation,but also impacted the average weight of the single pupa and pupation rate,especially to the parental and the first folial generation.The experimental data indicated that the virus could weaken the host in folial generations,which could control populations of the host for a long time.Meanwhile,polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification of polyhedrin gene sequences demonstrated that the virus was present in eggs and pupae whose parents were infected.This method might provide a better understanding of nucleopolyhedrovirus which could transmit from parental generation to folial generation. The research would play an important role in utilizing the virus effectively to control the pest persistently.
Third instars larvae of cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera,were infected with different concentrations of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus(HaNPV).Survivors were collected respectively and reared in laboratory room.Mortality rate of the larvae,average weight of the single pupa and pupation rate were observed in parental generation and successive filial generations.The results showed that the virus not only led to death of larvae in parental and folial generation,but also impacted the average weight of the single pupa and pupation rate,especially to the parental and the first folial generation.The experimental data indicated that the virus could weaken the host in folial generations,which could control populations of the host for a long time.Meanwhile,polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification of polyhedrin gene sequences demonstrated that the virus was present in eggs and pupae whose parents were infected.This method might provide a better understanding of nucleopolyhedrovirus which could transmit from parental generation to folial generation. The research would play an important role in utilizing the virus effectively to control the pest persistently.
2006, 19(2): 221-224.
Abstract:
This paper dealed with the immunnodulation tests of white wax scale in specific and unspecific immunity.The result showed that the IgM in high dose group was clearly higher than that of the control in serolysin test.Lymphocyte transformation and propagation in mice were notable in high dose group.The results of carbon clearance test in mice and the weight of immune organ test(unspecific immune tests)were negative.The research results showed that white wax scale could increase the specific humoral and cell immunity ability. Therefore white wax scale has immunnodulation function which could be developed and utilized as health food resource.
This paper dealed with the immunnodulation tests of white wax scale in specific and unspecific immunity.The result showed that the IgM in high dose group was clearly higher than that of the control in serolysin test.Lymphocyte transformation and propagation in mice were notable in high dose group.The results of carbon clearance test in mice and the weight of immune organ test(unspecific immune tests)were negative.The research results showed that white wax scale could increase the specific humoral and cell immunity ability. Therefore white wax scale has immunnodulation function which could be developed and utilized as health food resource.
2006, 19(2): 225-230.
Abstract:
The root systems of 3 years Caragana korshinskii at different site conditions in the hilly regions of Loess Plateau were studied.The results showed that the lateral roots of Caragana korshinskii mainly grew in the depth of 0～20 cm underground,and under all site conditions there were no lateral roots below 50 cm depth except sunny slope and semi-sunny slope.The total amount of lateral roots sunny slope was the most,and that of shady slope was the least.The vertical distribution of root biomass of Caragana korshinskii under different site conditions showed a gradually decreasing from soil top-layer to deep-layer.The ratio of root biomass in 0～60 cm soil layer to the total was the biggest and beyond 80 percent.The individual root biomass in sunny habitat was 66.63 g and larger than that of others,the shady habitat was the lowest,only 6.69g.The aboveground of Caragana korshinskii under different site conditions had significant deference,the height and biomass of Caragana korshinskii in sunny and semi-sunny slope were higher than that on other site conditions.Caragana korshinskii in young-age period were suitable for growing on the sunny and semi-sunny slope on Loess Plateau.
The root systems of 3 years Caragana korshinskii at different site conditions in the hilly regions of Loess Plateau were studied.The results showed that the lateral roots of Caragana korshinskii mainly grew in the depth of 0～20 cm underground,and under all site conditions there were no lateral roots below 50 cm depth except sunny slope and semi-sunny slope.The total amount of lateral roots sunny slope was the most,and that of shady slope was the least.The vertical distribution of root biomass of Caragana korshinskii under different site conditions showed a gradually decreasing from soil top-layer to deep-layer.The ratio of root biomass in 0～60 cm soil layer to the total was the biggest and beyond 80 percent.The individual root biomass in sunny habitat was 66.63 g and larger than that of others,the shady habitat was the lowest,only 6.69g.The aboveground of Caragana korshinskii under different site conditions had significant deference,the height and biomass of Caragana korshinskii in sunny and semi-sunny slope were higher than that on other site conditions.Caragana korshinskii in young-age period were suitable for growing on the sunny and semi-sunny slope on Loess Plateau.
Response of Gas Exchange Parameters of Periploca sepium Bunge to Soil Water Content in Loess Plateau
2006, 19(2): 231-234.
Abstract:
The response of gas exchange parameters such as net photosynthesis rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),water use efficiency of leaf(LWUE),stomatal conductance(Gs) and intercellular CO_2 concentration(Ci) of 2-years old Periploca sepium Bunge to different soil water content(SWC) were studied in Loess Plateau with CIRAS-2 portable photosynthesis system.It showed that the diurnal variations of Pn,Tr and LWUE were affected by SWC.The fitting range of relative soil water content(RWC) for higher photosynthesis production and water use efficiency of leaf were 31.6%～84.9%.The lowest RWC for normal physiological growth was about 21.7%.It concluded that the Periploca sepium Bunge,as a alternative shrubbery specie which had wide fitting range of SWC,and could be planted in Loess Plateau especially in the south slope and escarpment.
The response of gas exchange parameters such as net photosynthesis rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),water use efficiency of leaf(LWUE),stomatal conductance(Gs) and intercellular CO_2 concentration(Ci) of 2-years old Periploca sepium Bunge to different soil water content(SWC) were studied in Loess Plateau with CIRAS-2 portable photosynthesis system.It showed that the diurnal variations of Pn,Tr and LWUE were affected by SWC.The fitting range of relative soil water content(RWC) for higher photosynthesis production and water use efficiency of leaf were 31.6%～84.9%.The lowest RWC for normal physiological growth was about 21.7%.It concluded that the Periploca sepium Bunge,as a alternative shrubbery specie which had wide fitting range of SWC,and could be planted in Loess Plateau especially in the south slope and escarpment.
2006, 19(2): 235-240.
Abstract:
This paper aimed at the influences of two water absorbents on survival rate and growth of Platycladus orientalis under different watering treatments in this area.The results showed that in the early stage of plantation,the survival rate of individual trees with water absorbent treatment at the end of the first year was more than 90%,a little different from the control treatment that had double watering.In the next spring,soil moisture with water absorbent treatment increased by 84.7～119.4 g·kg-1,which is reflected by 7.78%～25.56% of reduction of survival rate of control treatments compared to water absorbent treatments,it is obvious that the cost on watering and replanting was reduced markedly.In addition,the increment of individual trees increased significantly.The impacts of different water absorbents and their dosages on growth,however,was not significant.
This paper aimed at the influences of two water absorbents on survival rate and growth of Platycladus orientalis under different watering treatments in this area.The results showed that in the early stage of plantation,the survival rate of individual trees with water absorbent treatment at the end of the first year was more than 90%,a little different from the control treatment that had double watering.In the next spring,soil moisture with water absorbent treatment increased by 84.7～119.4 g·kg-1,which is reflected by 7.78%～25.56% of reduction of survival rate of control treatments compared to water absorbent treatments,it is obvious that the cost on watering and replanting was reduced markedly.In addition,the increment of individual trees increased significantly.The impacts of different water absorbents and their dosages on growth,however,was not significant.
Identification of Fungal Pathogen of Stem Rot of Bayberry (Myrica rubra) and Screening of Fungicides
2006, 19(2): 241-245.
Abstract:
Stem rot was a severe diseases of bayberry(Myrica rubra) in Hunan Province,infected in the branch and stem,and caused them rot.It was identified that Cytospora leucostoma was the pathogen of bayberry stem rot.The results in vitro of fungicide screening studies were as follows: thiophanate-methyl thiram,thiophanate-methyl,carbendazim,tuzet,tanbiling and bordeaux mixtures completely inhibited mycelial growth and conidial spore germination of C.leucostoma;Xiangyanzhibingling and hongsha caused complete inhibition mycelial growth,but could not inhibit spore germination;Fosetyl-aluminium.maneozeb,dacoden and lime sulphur could inhibit spore germination,but could not inhibit mycelial growth.
Stem rot was a severe diseases of bayberry(Myrica rubra) in Hunan Province,infected in the branch and stem,and caused them rot.It was identified that Cytospora leucostoma was the pathogen of bayberry stem rot.The results in vitro of fungicide screening studies were as follows: thiophanate-methyl thiram,thiophanate-methyl,carbendazim,tuzet,tanbiling and bordeaux mixtures completely inhibited mycelial growth and conidial spore germination of C.leucostoma;Xiangyanzhibingling and hongsha caused complete inhibition mycelial growth,but could not inhibit spore germination;Fosetyl-aluminium.maneozeb,dacoden and lime sulphur could inhibit spore germination,but could not inhibit mycelial growth.
2006, 19(2): 246-247.
Abstract:
A newly described pathogen,Gyrodontium sacchari,on hardwood in tropical area was reported from Yunnan Province.The genus of Gyrodontium was also the first recorded in mainland of China.An illustrated description of the fungus was given in detail based on the specimens from China.
A newly described pathogen,Gyrodontium sacchari,on hardwood in tropical area was reported from Yunnan Province.The genus of Gyrodontium was also the first recorded in mainland of China.An illustrated description of the fungus was given in detail based on the specimens from China.
2006, 19(2): 248-252.
Abstract:
Karst is one of the weakest kinds of ecological environments and one of the main factors that restricts economic development in south-west China.And restoring vegetation and improving soil quality is among urgent affairs of the region.It is very important to explore the effects of different succession stages on soil quality for the restoration and management of karst degraded mountain.In this study,three succession stages in karst degraded mountain were selected at the Baimiao Mountain in Beibei of Chongqing.The three succession stages are grass stage,brush stage and forest stage.The paper reported the responses of 15 indicators including the Shannon-Wiener index,soil physical and chemical properties to the three succession stages.In addition,the index of soil quality was analyzed.Results showed that: different succession stages led to significant differences in the Shannon-Wiener index and soil physico-chemical properties.The soil quality of the three succession stages was ranked as follows: brush stage>forest stage>grass stage,and the same rule to the Shannon-Wiener index.In brush stage, soil bulk density,soil water,water holding capacity,capillary porosity,soil porosity and air porosity were significantly lower than those of two others,and soil organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus as well.
Karst is one of the weakest kinds of ecological environments and one of the main factors that restricts economic development in south-west China.And restoring vegetation and improving soil quality is among urgent affairs of the region.It is very important to explore the effects of different succession stages on soil quality for the restoration and management of karst degraded mountain.In this study,three succession stages in karst degraded mountain were selected at the Baimiao Mountain in Beibei of Chongqing.The three succession stages are grass stage,brush stage and forest stage.The paper reported the responses of 15 indicators including the Shannon-Wiener index,soil physical and chemical properties to the three succession stages.In addition,the index of soil quality was analyzed.Results showed that: different succession stages led to significant differences in the Shannon-Wiener index and soil physico-chemical properties.The soil quality of the three succession stages was ranked as follows: brush stage>forest stage>grass stage,and the same rule to the Shannon-Wiener index.In brush stage, soil bulk density,soil water,water holding capacity,capillary porosity,soil porosity and air porosity were significantly lower than those of two others,and soil organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus as well.
2006, 19(2): 253-256.
Abstract:
In this study,an efficient regeneration system of Broussonetia papyrifera was established.Using leaf disks and petiole fragments as explants,MS media supplemented with different concentrations of BA and NAA were investigated for shoot induction.Then regenerated shoots were transferred to MS medium containing 0～0.6 mg·L-1 NAA to induce roots.A BA/NAA combination of 2.5/0.1(mg·L-1) produced the highest percentage of regeneration with petiole explants and of 1.5/ 0.05(mg·L-1) with leaf explants.The optimal medium for rooting was MS medium supplemented with 0.05 mg·L-1 NAA.
In this study,an efficient regeneration system of Broussonetia papyrifera was established.Using leaf disks and petiole fragments as explants,MS media supplemented with different concentrations of BA and NAA were investigated for shoot induction.Then regenerated shoots were transferred to MS medium containing 0～0.6 mg·L-1 NAA to induce roots.A BA/NAA combination of 2.5/0.1(mg·L-1) produced the highest percentage of regeneration with petiole explants and of 1.5/ 0.05(mg·L-1) with leaf explants.The optimal medium for rooting was MS medium supplemented with 0.05 mg·L-1 NAA.
2006, 19(2): 257-260.
Abstract:
The dynamics of the soil salinity and moisture on saline and alkaline land of seabearch after plantation in Hangzhou bay were determined and analysed.The results showed that the difference in soil average salinity contents of 0～80 cm soil from May to November among 4 plantation land models(standⅠwas mixed forest of Vitex trifolia L.var.simplicifolia Cham.and Ligustrum lucidum Ait.in spring in 2003,standⅡwas Morus alba L.pure forest in spring in 2003,stand Ⅲ was tree species contrast forest in spring in 2004,stand Ⅳ was mixed forest of Alnus cremastogyne Burkill.,Morus alba L.and Cinnamomum porrectum(Roxb.) K.in spring in 2004) and no plantation land(CK) were significant,the average soil salinity contents of 2 plantation land models established in spring in 2003 were 0.101% and 0.196%,the average soil salinity contents of 2 plantation land models established in spring in 2004 were 0.349% and 0.425%,but the average soil salinity contents in no plantation land was 0.466%.The change extent of average soil salinity contents of 4 plantation land models were not obvious in 7 months,but the change extent in no plantation land was obvious.The plumb distributing rule of soil salinity contents,the soil salinity contents were increase along with soil deepness adding in plantation land,but that were reduce along with soil deepness adding in no plantation land.The change trend of soil salinity contents in surface layer soil were evident along with month change among plantation land and no plantation land,but that were nearer in under layer soil.The change trend of month average soil moisture contents were nearer among plantation land and no plantation land,the soil moisture contents were increase along with soil deepness adding,the cover with degree of earth's surface were higher,the increase breadth were delayer
The dynamics of the soil salinity and moisture on saline and alkaline land of seabearch after plantation in Hangzhou bay were determined and analysed.The results showed that the difference in soil average salinity contents of 0～80 cm soil from May to November among 4 plantation land models(standⅠwas mixed forest of Vitex trifolia L.var.simplicifolia Cham.and Ligustrum lucidum Ait.in spring in 2003,standⅡwas Morus alba L.pure forest in spring in 2003,stand Ⅲ was tree species contrast forest in spring in 2004,stand Ⅳ was mixed forest of Alnus cremastogyne Burkill.,Morus alba L.and Cinnamomum porrectum(Roxb.) K.in spring in 2004) and no plantation land(CK) were significant,the average soil salinity contents of 2 plantation land models established in spring in 2003 were 0.101% and 0.196%,the average soil salinity contents of 2 plantation land models established in spring in 2004 were 0.349% and 0.425%,but the average soil salinity contents in no plantation land was 0.466%.The change extent of average soil salinity contents of 4 plantation land models were not obvious in 7 months,but the change extent in no plantation land was obvious.The plumb distributing rule of soil salinity contents,the soil salinity contents were increase along with soil deepness adding in plantation land,but that were reduce along with soil deepness adding in no plantation land.The change trend of soil salinity contents in surface layer soil were evident along with month change among plantation land and no plantation land,but that were nearer in under layer soil.The change trend of month average soil moisture contents were nearer among plantation land and no plantation land,the soil moisture contents were increase along with soil deepness adding,the cover with degree of earth's surface were higher,the increase breadth were delayer
2006, 19(2): 261-263.
Abstract:
The paper studied the photosynthetic and water physiological characteristics of Cinnamomum septentrionale.The results indicated that the light saturation point of C.septentrionale was 1 301 μmol·m-2·s-1,and the light compensation point was only approximately 17 μmol·m-2·s-1.It had a quite low light compensation point and a higher saturation point.It belongs to a heliophytic tree species,but it also could tolerate shade,and was suitable to a multiple light condition.The utilization efficiency of water of C.septentrionale reached 3.476×10-3 g·g-1,more than those of Celtis sinensis,Ulmus gaussenii,Pteroceltis tatarinowii and Zelkova schneideriana and 1.88 times higher than that of Pterocarya stenoptera.The results suggested that the water utilization efficiency of C.septentrionale is high and has a similar drought-resistant ability with Ulmaceae plant.
The paper studied the photosynthetic and water physiological characteristics of Cinnamomum septentrionale.The results indicated that the light saturation point of C.septentrionale was 1 301 μmol·m-2·s-1,and the light compensation point was only approximately 17 μmol·m-2·s-1.It had a quite low light compensation point and a higher saturation point.It belongs to a heliophytic tree species,but it also could tolerate shade,and was suitable to a multiple light condition.The utilization efficiency of water of C.septentrionale reached 3.476×10-3 g·g-1,more than those of Celtis sinensis,Ulmus gaussenii,Pteroceltis tatarinowii and Zelkova schneideriana and 1.88 times higher than that of Pterocarya stenoptera.The results suggested that the water utilization efficiency of C.septentrionale is high and has a similar drought-resistant ability with Ulmaceae plant.
2006, 19(2): 264-266.
Abstract:
This paper reported the biological activities of five synthetic philanthotoxin analogs.Trials under laboratory condition indicated a certain level of activity on poisoning and inhibiting emergence rate.The LC50 of compound 1 on Ectropis obliqua was 8.987×103 mg·L-1.At the 8×103 mg·L-1 dosage of compound 1,the adjustment rate of pupation and emergence of E.obliqua was 52.44% and 89.81% respectively.The compound 2 had a certain effect on the larval and pupal weight.
This paper reported the biological activities of five synthetic philanthotoxin analogs.Trials under laboratory condition indicated a certain level of activity on poisoning and inhibiting emergence rate.The LC50 of compound 1 on Ectropis obliqua was 8.987×103 mg·L-1.At the 8×103 mg·L-1 dosage of compound 1,the adjustment rate of pupation and emergence of E.obliqua was 52.44% and 89.81% respectively.The compound 2 had a certain effect on the larval and pupal weight.
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