• 中国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库来源期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊(CJCR)
  • 第二届国家期刊奖提名奖

2006 Vol. 19, No. 6

Display Method:
Study on Field Server-based Remote Tree Diameter Measurement
WANG Xue-feng, FENG Yin-hua
2006, 19(6): 675-678.
Abstract:
Limited by cloudy resolution,forest resource monitoring based on remote sensing was emphasized on monitoring.The paper introduced the definition and sort and field arrangement and remote monitoring of field sensor(a new combination of remote monitor and control and network and sensor).then tried to make use of transfer image to reconstruct tree diameter at breast height through stereo vision,the result was fairy well to realize measure diameter without field survey.
Study on Hydrogen and Oxygen Stable Isotopes in Precipitation in Wolong Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province
XU Qing, LIU Shi-rong, AN Shu-qing, JIANG Chun-qian, LIU Xing-liang
2006, 19(6): 679-686.
Abstract:
This paper assayed the contents of stable isotope δD and δ18O in precipitation in Wolong Nature Reserve of Sichuan Province from July 2003 to June 2005.The equation of meteoric water line(MWL) and snow water line were δD= 9.443 δ18O+28.658(r=0.943,n =74,p18O+33.245(r=0.959,n =31,p18O+9.480(r=0.961,n=29,p18O of precipitation in summer had a significant amount effect,and temperature effect was withheld by monsoon climate.
Analysis of Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Trees with Different Diameter Classes in Natural Korean Pine Broad Leaved Forest
XU Hai, HUI Gang-ying, HU Yan-bo, LI Chu-shan, LIN Tian-xi, ZHANG Xian-long, WU Xiang-ju
2006, 19(6): 687-691.
Abstract:
To further explore the spatial structure pattern of natural Korean pine broad leaved forest and provide references for managing the natural forests,this study established a 1 hm2 plot in Dapo Region of Jiaohe Forestry Experimental Area,using TOPCON-GTS-602AF to survey every tree higher than 1.3 m,and then employing three parameters-angle index,neighborhood comparison and mingling—to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of trees with different diameter classes in this plot.It showed that the trees with diameter classes smaller than 10 cm accounted to 59.4% of all tress in the forest,with the trees around them distributing in random pattern,similar to the distribution pattern of the whole forest.On the contrary,trees with larger diameter classes had remarkable decreasing angle indices,with the neighboring trees uniformly surrounding them.Neighborhood comparisons decreased with increasing diameter classes,with the small trees being suppressed,the large trees being superior,while the middle trees being in some kind of intermediate or above status.Meanwhile,mingling increased with increasing diameter classes,showing that as their diameter increased,trees would face lessening competitive stress and that the spatial structure of the forest was gradually getting optimized.
Records of Bamboo Diseases and the Taxonomy of Their Pathogens in China(I)
XU Mei-qing, DAI Yu-cheng, FAN Shao-hui, JIN Li-xin, LU Quan, TIAN Guo-zhong, WANG Lai-fa
2006, 19(6): 692-699.
Abstract:
208 pathogens,including 183 species of fungi,1 bacteria,2 fastidious prokaryotes,1 virus,3 nematodes and 18 mites,on the 148 bamboo species(classification unite),10 genera,1 subfamily were collected from the relevant references in the period from 1975 to 2006.The name,bamboo hosts,pathogens,and provincial distribution of the disease were listed.The taxonomy position of the pathogens was determined based on the newest taxonomy systems for each category of pathogens(fungi,bacteria,viruses,nematodes,mites)which belongs to 5 Classes,22 Orderes,2 General families,47 Families,112 Genera).This will provide an important reference for understanding the consititutor of ecology system of the bamboo forest,biodiversity,prevent and control harmful exotic pests as well as quarantine and control bamboo diseases.
A Study on Seed Characteristics of Large Berry Cultivars of Sea Buckthorn
ZHANG Jian-guo, DUAN Ai-guo, ZHANG Jun-pei, PEI Dong, LUO Hong-mei, SHAN Jin-You
2006, 19(6): 700-705.
Abstract:
Seed characteristics of 11 Russian Cultivars and 1 Mongolian Cultivar of sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides) were studied at 2 sites in Shuiling of Heilongjiang and Dengkou of Inner Mongolia.The results showed:((1)The) 1 000-seed-weight and the value of seed characteristics of Chinese Sea Buckthorn were lower obviously than Large Berry Cultivars of Sea Buckthorn introduced;The 1 000-seed-weight and the value of seed characteristics of Large Berry Cultivars of Sea Buckthorn in Shuiling were higher than that in Dengkou;according to the ratio of length to width and figure of seed,Chinese Sea Buckthorn and Large Berry Cultivars of Sea Buckthorn could be divided initially.(2)For most Cultivars,the correlation of width and length was stable for the factors of genetics and environment,comparatively,the thickness was relatively stable.(3)The seed characteristics,such as length,width,ratio of length to width,had greatly obvious relationship,especially for the length of seed;the 1 000-seed-weight and 100-berry-weight had significantly linear correlation.(4)At the beginning of germination,the germination percentage of Chinese Sea Buckthorn was more higher than that of Cultivars introduced;14 days later,all Cultivars got to the biggest germination percentage,the Cultivars whose germination percentage was above 67% included Wulangemu,Fengchan,Juren,No.1 of Shuijing and Katunilipin.(5)The content of vitamin E and total flavones in seed of different Large Berry Cultivars of Sea Buckthorn had significant difference;the saturated fatty acid of introduced Cultivars was obviously higher than that of Chinese Sea Buckthorn,and the saturated fatty acid in seed of different Large Berry Cultivars of Sea Buckthorn had significant difference.
Water Conservation Capacity and Its Value Evaluation of Vegetation Types in Eastern Daxing'anling Mountain Forest Area
WU Bo, SHI Pei-li, JING Xue-hui, LI Xiao-song
2006, 19(6): 706-712.
Abstract:
Based on 1∶1 000 000 vegetation map,the authors collected data of rainfall interception of canopy,phytomass of litter and soil non-capillary porosity to evaluate rainfall distribution and storage by nine vegetation types and analyze distribution of water conservation capacity and its value in eastern Daxing'anling Mountain forest area.The results showed that vegetation structure and soil type were the key factors to determine water conservation capacity of ecosystem;Quercus mongolia dominated deciduous broad-leaved forests,spruce and fir forests and larch forests had more water conservation capacities in this area and were very important for watershed water retention and soil conservation.Larch forests had the widest distribution and 58.4% of the total watershed water retention value in this area.Spatially,vegetation types with more water conservation capacity mainly distributed in the southeastern part of this area.In order to prevent degradation of water conservation capacity of vegetation,logging should be controlled and natural forest conservation should be strengthened;and further more,forest fireproofing should be enhanced and necessary measurements should be taken to keep the natural forests from degradation into aspen and birch forests and sparse and lower effective forests.
Isolation of Endophytes and Screen of Antagonistic Strains in Poplar Trees
YUAN Xiu-ying, BAI Hong-xia, BAI Yu-ming, HU-Dagula, LIU Jun-xia
2006, 19(6): 713-717.
Abstract:
In a survey of endophytic fungi associated with Populus spp.in Huhhot,Inner Mengolia,154 fungal strains were isolated from leaves(bud),teguments and branches.The strains were classified into 13 different genera based on their morphological characteristics.The authous tested the antagonistic action of the 154 endophytic fungi on the pathogen,Cytospora sp.with the dual culture,germination of spores and inoculation experiments.The results showed that all endophytic fungi tested can inhibite,in some content,mycelium growth and spore germination of Cytospora sp.respectively.The strains of Penicillium sp.had the strongest antifungal effictiveness on the pathogen.In the antagonistic test,the colonial growth of Cytospora sp.was compressed and covered by the fast mycelial growth of Penicillium sp.So the development of Cytospora sp.was inhibited.In spore germination experiment,the filtrate from Penicillium sp.cultivated in liquid for three days also inhibited the growth of Cytospora sp.Therefore,the strain of Penicillium sp.could have a potential capability for biological control.
Geographic Genetic Variation and Preliminary Selection of Superior Provinance in Schima superba
ZHOU Zhi-chun, FAN Hui-hua, JIN Guo-qing, WANG Yue-sheng, CHEN Yi-liang, RAO Long-bing
2006, 19(6): 718-724.
Abstract:
Schima superba provenance trails at age three including thirty-seven seed sources,located at Jian'ou of Fujian,Chun'an and Qinyuan of Zhejiang,were used to study provenance differences,provenance-environment interaction and geographic variation pattern for growth and branch traits.The result showed that there existed significant differences among provenances for height,shoot length,root collar diameter,crown width,total number of branches,length and diameter of branches.The growth of different provenances was found to be greatly influenced by the macro-condition and site-specific condition of plant locations.For example,the average height of provenances tested at Jian'ou of Fujian(the central distribution area)was 24.1% and 18.0% higher than those at Chun'an of Zhejiang(the northern zone) and Qinyuan of Zhejiang(the higher altitude mountainous region) respectively.The significant interaction of provenance by location and provenance by block within locations were found for height,shoot length,crown width and total number of branches.The relative growth performance of different provenances greatly varied with the experiment locations.Correlation analysis showed that geographic variation pattern for growth and branchtraits changed prominently with location environment.At Jian'ou of Fujian,a classical latitude clinal variation pattern was found forgrowth and branch traits which was negatively and significantly related to the latitudes of seed sources.Fast-growing provenances were primary from the middle and south distribution area.At Chun'an of Zhejiang,tree height and root collar diameter of provenances was not related to the longitudeand latitude of seed sources.Only total number of branches and crown density negatively wererelated to the latitude of seed source in a certain extent.Fast-growing provenances were primary from the middle distribution area.At Qinyuan of Zhejiang,provenance growth and branch traits was found to be positively and markedly related to the latitude of seed sources,due to relatively poor environment in the higher altitude mountainous region.Early growth performance of the northern provenance was better.Based on the provenance trial result at young stage,superior provenances used for fast-growing timber and biological fire-prevention were preliminarily selected for the central and northern distribution areas respectively.
Extract Genomic DNA from Phyllostachys edulis by CTAB-Based Method
GAO Zhi-min, FAN Shao-hui, GAO jian, LI Xue-ping, CAI Chun-ju, PENG Zhen-hua
2006, 19(6): 725-728.
Abstract:
CTAB method,improved CTAB method,improved CTAB-high salt precipitation method were used to extract genomic DNA from the leaves of Ph.edulis.The DNA samples obtained were tested by UV spectrophotometer(3 300),agarose gel electrophoresis and PCR method.The differences in yield,quality and PCR result of the obtained DNA were compared.The results revealed that improved CTAB-high salt precipitation method was an inexpensive and reliable method for the genomic DNA extraction of Ph.edulis.
Study on Cone Life Table of Pinus armandii
SHU Jin-ping, PAN Yong-zhi
2006, 19(6): 729-733.
Abstract:
Pinus armandii is one of important trees for afforestation in Southwest China,and the development of cones from the stage of bud burst to cone lignification are interfered by many biotic and abiotic factors.The cone life table of P.armandii was built based on systematical tracking observation to the whole life history of the cone in Zixi Mountain Forest Base in Chuxiong City,Yunnan Province.During the whole growth phases from bud burst to cone lignification,the cone death percent is 47.6%.Runtishness,pest damage,mechanical loss,frost and rat damage are the 5 fatal factors that result in the death and loss of cone.Among the 5 factors,pest damage is an important and key factors which is the most effective that makes the death rate of cones to be 27.2%.The cone loss because of pest damage is 1.33 times more than that because of other factors.There are 5 important species in the P.armandii seed orchard.The damage of Strobilomyia sp.and Resselille sp.was dominant during the growth phases of 1-year-old cone,and the damage of Dioryctria rubella was the key factor which led to the cone death during the growth periods of 2-year-old cone.
Effect of High CO2 and N2 Shock Treatment on the Sprouting and Hormone Content of Chinese Chestnut(Castanea mollissima Blume) during Shelf-life
LIANG Li-song, WANG Gui-xi
2006, 19(6): 734-739.
Abstract:
In this paper,the effect of 50%CO2 and 100%N2 shock treatment for 5 d and 10 d on the respiration,sprouting and hormone contents(ABA、GA3、IAA、ZR) of Chinese Chestnut(Castanea mollissima Blume,cv.'Yanchang'),which was stored for seven months at 0 ℃,during shelf-life were studied.The research showed that 100%N2 treatments promoted the respiration,while 50%CO2 treatments inhibited the respiration of chestnut in shelf-life.50%CO2 and 100%N2 treatments could affect the sprouting of chestnut remarkably.The rates of sprouting of 50%CO2 treatment for 5 d and 10 d were 2.07% and 3.65% respectively,while those of 100%N2 treatments for 5 d and 10 d were 45.04% and 39.69% respectively,which were much different from the control(18.06%) at the end of the shelf life.50%CO2 treatment increased the ABA content and the ratio of ABA/GA3,100% N2 treatment decreased the ABA content and the ratio of ABA/GA3 in the embryonic bud.Though the contents of IAA and ZR had not showed the close relationship with the spouting,50%CO2 treatment increased the ratio of ABA/ZR,100%N2 treatment decreased the ratio of ABA/ZR,which were basically related to the sprouting rate.
The Research on the Sequences of Preferential Protection of the Rare andEndangered Plants in Changbai Mountains
ZHOU You
2006, 19(6): 740-749.
Abstract:
This paper dealed with 85 families,199 genuera,270 species,25 varieties and 3 formes of rare and endangered plants investigated in Changbai Mountains from 1993 to 2005.The"coefficient of endangerment" and the"value of superior conservation"were obtained through index quantification and weight allocation,thus the degree of endangerment and the sequences of protection priority were determined.They could offer a first-hand primitive materials for the domestic and foreign experts who studied the rare and endangered plants in Chanbai Mountains and for some relevant departments who formulated the concrete protection measures.
Effects of Fertilization on Soil Enzyme Activities and Its Role in Adjusting-Controlling Soil Fertility of Young Azadirachta indica A.Juss.Plantations
ZHANG Chang-shun, LI Kun, MA Jiang-ming, ZHENG Zhi-xin
2006, 19(6): 750-755.
Abstract:
To search the correlation between soil enzyme activities and soil fertility under fertilization conditions,the indexes of soil enzyme,soil chemical property and soil microbes in 3-years Azadirachta indica plantation were detected and analyzed in Yunnan Yuanmou Desert Ecosystem Located Research Station of State Forestry Administration.The results were as follows:(1) The application of N、P、K fertilizers combined with organic manure(treatment 9) was the best way to strengthen young plantation soil enzyme activities,while,for increase soil chemical properties and soil microbes quantities,treatment 6 was the best one,and the effect of treatment 8 to improve soil pH was the best one.(2) The correlation between soil enzyme activities and soil fertility indexes was significant.The activities of sucrase and catalase were respectively significantly correlated with hydrolytic nitrogen and available phosphorus at the 0.01 level.The positive correlation of acid phosphatase activity with the contents of hydrolytic nitrogen,exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium,and sucrase activity with the content of organic matter,were significant.the negative correlation of urease activity with soil pH and bacteria amount,and acid phosphatase activity with the content of available iron were also found prominently.While the correlation between the protease and polyphenol oxidase and soil fertility indexes was not obvious.In addition,except protease,activities of many correlation coefficients of soil enzyme activity and others soil fertility indexes were more than 0.5,and indicated that the soil enzyme activities could be use to evaluate the soil fertility of Azadirachta indica plantations in this area.
Effects of Inoculation with Three Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal on the Growth of Peach Palm Seedlings
ZHOU Zai-zhi, LIANG Kun-nan, MA Hua-ming, CHEN Yu, LIN Ming-ping
2006, 19(6): 756-760.
Abstract:
Peach palm seedlings coming from seeds of San Carlos provenance and family 14152 of Costa Rica were cultivated at a nursery in South China.A experiment by employing randomized block design with the two progenies was undertaken to test the infection rate and inoculation efficacy by artificially inoculated with three arbuscular mychorrhizal fungus(AFM): Glomus versiforme,G.caledonium and G.manihotis.Results indicated that the three AMF treatments were capable of colonizing root system of the two progenies'seedlings to form ectomycorrhizal association after inoculation.The infection rate was 26.7%~50.0%,infection index 13.3~37.5.There was no evident effect on the above growth of the two progenies 7 months after inoculation even though infected.However,a positive response of the growth in root system of family 14152 of San Carlos provenance was identified after inoculation(P<0.05).Compared with un-inoculated treatment(the control),the below-ground biomass and the length of main root of 14152 inoculated with isolate of G.manihotis,G3008,was enhanced by 80.0% and 51.4% respectively.G3008 isolate was the most efficient colonizer among the tested three isolates for root growth of seedlings of 14152 of San Carlos provenance.
Hydrological Effect of Pinus tabulaeformis,Platycladus orientalis and Hippophae rhamnoides Mixed Plantation in Gully Region of Loess Plateau
HAN En-xian, HAN Gang, BO Ying-sheng
2006, 19(6): 761-766.
Abstract:
The experiment applied national standard forest analysis method to study of hydrological effect of Pinus tabulaeformis,Platyclodus orientalis and Hippophae rhamnoides mixed plantation.The results showed that annual mean precipitation inside the mixed plantation was 20.1% lower than that ouside the mixed plantation.Its seasonal varieties in summer,autume,spring and winter gradually decreased.In mixed plantation,the annual mean air temperature was 0.1℃ lower than it in pure plantation and annual mean relative humidity was 4.5% higher than that in pure plantation.In mixed plantation,the cut discharges of tree layers increased by 56.6% and shrub layers increased by 395.7%.The annual mean runoff on the ground and modulus of runoff were 105.8 L and 10.58 m3·km-2·a-1 inside the mixed plantation.But those in pure plantation were 1 349.05 L and 134.9 m3·km-2·a-1.The soil erosion modulus was 0.65 t·hm-2·a-1 inside the mixed plantation but in pure plantation was 9.2 t·hm-2·a-1.The litter extant amount increased by 200% and litter water-holding capacity was 3.1 times of its own weight,the soil volume weight and compactness reduced by 6.3% and 17.7%,the water content,porosity and air permeability of soil increased by 6.1 %,13.9% and 20.3%.The soil physical property was improved.In different soil layers the soil volume weight and compactness gradually increased from the upper fo the cower strata.The porosity and air permeability of soil was the best in topsoil but decreased downwards.In mixed plantation the soil porosities of non-capillary in bottom,middle and top soil layers increased by 113.3%,38.6% and 32.6%.The maximal water-holding content,the minimum water-holding content and capillary water-holding content in mixed plantation were respectively 11.0%,9.8% and 10.5% higher than those in pure plantation,36.0%,16.0% and 25.6% higher than those in wild land.The water total storage and water storage of 0~40 cm soil layer in mixed plantation were 12.4%,22.7% higher than those in pure plantation and wild land.
Study on Species Diversity of Subalpine Meadow Communities in Wolong Nature Reserve
SONG Ai-yun, LIU Shi-rong, SHI Zuo-min, DONG Lin-shui, LIU Jin-tao
2006, 19(6): 767-772.
Abstract:
The variation of species diversity along altitudinal gradients is one of the focuses in the studies of biodiversity.Based on the data from field survey species richness,α diversity and β diversity of the subalpine meadow in Wolong Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province,were analyzed.The results were as follows: There were 96 high plant species belonging to 76 genera and 28 families.Deyeuxia scabrescens,Polygonum viviparum,Kobresia sp.and Stellera chamaejasme were the most important dominant species.Species richness index was the highest at mid-altitude.α diversity indices(Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index) increased firstly,then decreased with altitude increasing.Pielou evenness index increased with altitude increasing obviously.β diversity indices(Cody index and Wilson-Schmida index) increased with increasing altitude.
Changes in Soil Organic Carbon after Bamboo Afforestation in Cropland
LI Zheng-cai, FU Mao-yi, XU De-ying, SUN Xue-zhong, XI Jin-rong
2006, 19(6): 773-777.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the changing regularity of soil organic carbon(SOC) after afforestation in cropland,which showed:(1) in three years after afforestation,the contents of SOC were decreased in different soil profiles and the top soil profile(0~30 cm) was decreased more than that of the others;Three years later,due to the intensive management,the contents of SOC were increased quickly and up to nine years,the contents of SOC being larger than those of cropland;but twelve years later,the contents of SOC were decreased again because of the less intensive management.(2) The density of SOC showed almost the same tendency as the content of SOC;In three years,the density of SOC were decreased,later,the density of SOC was increased and in nine years,the density of SOC became larger than that of cropland;after nine yeas,the density of SOC were decreased again,but still more than those of cropland;(3) Three years after afforestation,the storage of SOC was decreased by 22%.After three years,the storage of SOC was increased gradually and in nine years,the storage of SOC became larger than that of cropland;In 12 years old stand,the storage of SOC was decreased,but larger than that of cropland.The content,density and storage of SOC all showed the tendency of decline,rising gradually,excessing and then decreasing.
Study on Heptacodium miconioides Population Structure and Spatial Distribution Pattern in the Central Zhejiang Province
HAO Chao-yun, LIU Peng, WU Zhou-wei
2006, 19(6): 778-784.
Abstract:
On the basis of population investigation by tally in the contiguous grid quadrat,10 plots of 500 m2 in Bei Mountain,Dapan Mountain and Dongbai Mountain were investigated and analyzed to reveal population structure and spatial distributive pattern of Heptacodium miconioides in central Zhejiang Province.The result showed that there were obvious differences in the characters among the H.miconioides communities and populations.The diameter structure of different populations had only one type: spindle-like form structure: infant seedling and big tree were thimbleful,which indicated its population recession trend.With the increase of age and difference of development phases,the distribution pattern usually ranged from clump to random,and different size of blocks had been found to have an effect on the spatial patterns.The analysis showed that the spatial distribution pattern of H.miconioides populations was decided mainly by the interaction among the biological,ecological properties and environmental factors.So,conservation strategies should be focused on in-situ conservation as well as reducing human disturbance and enhancing inter-population genetic exchange.
Relations between Seedlings' Photosynthetic Characteristics and Their Drought Tolerance under Water Stress in Rocky Desertification Area
XU Li-xia, YANG Shui-ping, YAO Xiao-hua, LI Shen, REN Hua-dong
2006, 19(6): 785-790.
Abstract:
Water-controlling pot experiments were carried out on characteristics of photosynthesis and drought tolerance under water stress of 3 tree species:Zenia insignis,Catalpa fargesii f.duclouxii and Acacia dealbata from a rocky desertification area in Guizhou Province.The results were as follows:As stress increasing and time delaying,the net photosynthesis rate(Pn),transpiration,stomata conduct were gradually decreased but CO2 concentration in stomata was increased;the diurnal pattern of net photosynthetic rate shifted gradually from a typical single-peaked curve to a double-peaked one that signified midday depression of photosynthesis.The midday depression of photosynthesis under both light and heavier stress may be induced by a combination of stomatal limitation and non-stomatal factors,but under extreme drought conditions,induced mainly by the non-stomatal factors.The depressed Pn could recover when rehydrated under certain drought stress.By a comprehensive evaluation of Fuzzy mathematics,the ability of drought tolerance was arranged from strong to weak as following:Acacia dealbata>Zenia insignis>Catalpa fargesii f.duclouxii.
Carbon Stock Changes of Successive Rotations of Plantations
LUO Yun-jian, ZHANG Xiao-quan
2006, 19(6): 791-798.
Abstract:
Growth and soil property data over successive rotations of Larix sp.and Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.) Hook.plantations were collected and archived from published literatures.The stock changes of biomass,soil organic carbon and the impact of fertility maintaining on carbon stocks were estimated and analyzed based on the dataset.Results showed that with the increase of the successive rotations stand biomass and soil organic carbon stock decreased apparently.The biomass and soil organic carbon stock reduced by 24% and 10% from the first to the second rotation of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations,respectively,and by 39% and 15% respectively from the second to the third rotation.But fertility maintaining measures can prevent the growth decline and soil degradation in the successive rotation of plantation.The biomass and soil organic carbon stock of the second rotation of Cunninghamia lanceolata and broad-leaved trees mixed plantations were 69% and 19% higher than that of the pure Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation respectively.Mixed Eucalyptus sp.and Acacia sp.in the second rotation can increase the biomass by 29% compared to the Eucalyptus sp.pure stand.Fertilization on the second rotation of Cunninghamia lanceolata resulted in 22% increase in biomass.
Progress on the Research of Marker-aided Breeding of Pinus spp.
HUANG Shao-wei
2006, 19(6): 799-806.
Abstract:
Pinus spp.are the important species in forest ecosystems and plantations in the world.Genetic improvement of pines started early.Great progress has been made and marked success has been achieved.Molecular marker techniques provided powerful tools to shorten the period and raise the efficiency in tree breeding.The worldwide progress on construction of molecular marker linkage map,comparative mapping,quantitative trait locus(QTL) mapping and marker-aided selection(MAS) in Pinus spp.was reviewed.Genetic linkage maps have been constructed for nearly 40 species of forest trees from 13 genera,in which pine species accounted for 40%.Most of the linkage maps in pines are still incomplete,unable to cover the whole genomes.High level of genetic conservative in pine species has been revealed with comparative mapping.Existence of main effect genes revealed by QTL mapping for most of the economically important traits provided a good basis for MAS.For genetic control of part of the important traits in hybrid pines,"species effect"was found.Implication of "species effect"to MAS and the formulation of breeding strategy was also discussed.
Composition and Structure of Plant Communities in Qianyanzhou,Jiangxi Province under Ecological Restoration
HU Li-le, LIU Qi-jing, YAN Bo-qian, ZHU Jiao-jun
2006, 19(6): 807-812.
Abstract:
Qianyanzhou(QYZ) Ecological Station established in 1983 with an area of 204 hm2 is affiliated to the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network.Before 1982,herbs had been dominant,sparsely dotted with shrubs.After 20-year restoration of the vegetation,the vegetation showed significant changes in both forest coverage and species diversity.Forest coverage had increased to 93.3% in 1999 from 0.4% in 1982.The vegetation could be broadly classified into two groups: artificial forest,accounting for the most percent,and natural secondary forest.These two groups could be subdivided into 12 types.Based on the 2003 field work,The authors studied plant community composition and vertical structure.The results were as follows: 1) On the study plots were there about 150 species,of which 100,49,and 47 grew in arbor layer and shrub layer and herb layer,respectively.Of 12 community types,the amount of species in shrub layer was larger than that of other two layers.As to the species richness in the different community types,Liquidambar formosana community showed the highest and Imperata cylindrical var.major community the least.The amount of species in arbor layer of artificial forest was smaller than those of natural Pinus massoniana forest,but no difference in understory.2) Loropetalum chinense,Quercus fabric and Vaccinium bracteatum were dominant shrub species with a wide distribution.Three ferns Woodwardia japonica、Dryopteris atrata and Dicrannepteris dichotoma were dominant herb species.Lianas were sparse,but Milletlia reticulata were found in all forest types.3) Up to now some natural regeneration species,such as Eurya muricata、Quercus fabri、Vaccinium bracteatum、Rhus chinensis、Adinandra bockiana,had grown in the arbor layer of artificial forests.Some herb species,such as Arundinella setosa、Miscanthus floridulus、Isachne globosa、Scirpus triqueter,which were dominant ones in the herb layer before the restoration of vegetation,disappeared now.4) The vertical structure of natural Pinus massoniana community and Liquidambar formosana community showed more complex comparing with artificial forests.For the artificial forests,the conifer and broad-leaves mixed forest had a more complex structure.In both natural Pinus(massoniana) community and Liquidambar formosana community,it was dominated by individuals with height of 3~4 m,while 10~12 m in the artificial forests.
Effects of Planting Methods and Overwintering Protection on Growth of Arundo donax
WANG Qing-hai, WU Ju-ying, TENG Wen-jun, LIU Ya-ping
2006, 19(6): 813-815.
Abstract:
Arundo donax Linn.was selected as representation of giant grass.The main growth factors,planting materials and soil texture were analyzed by several spot experiments in Beijing.The result showed that A.donax was able to endure drought and leanness.The survival rate was above 85%.It grew normally in the soil where the organic matter level was 0.413%.Moreover,depending only on precipitation,A.donax grew with high biomass.The overwintering survival rate of A.donax increased significantly if some protection measures were taken,and harvesting in March of next year was one of the most feasible measures.