2007 Vol. 20, No. 2
Display Method:
2007, 20(2): 151-159.
[Abstract]
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Abstract:
The spatial and temporal variations of water potential of 18 tree species for vegetation restoration in thedry-hot valleys of the J insha riverwere systematically analyzed on typ ical sunny day of different seasons in 2005 and2006, some main conclusionswere gotten as follows: (1) The daily water potentials within leaves of the main treespecies in the dry-hot valleys of the Jinsha river all obviously p resented a figure of single2peak in different seasons,the most peak values of dailywater potentials of the leaves appeared at 14: 00; (2) The water potentialwithin leavesof the main tree species in the valleys was deep ly affected by the change of seasons, the characteristic seasonalchange ofwater potentialwithin leaves for all the tree species studied was that the water potential inMarch was bigger than water potential inMay and water potential inMaywas smaller than water potential in October; the dry andhot inMay p romoted the diversity ofwater potential, and the relief of dry and hot stress after rainy season decreasedthe diversity; the diurnal variation of water potentialwithin leaves of the tree species inMay was relatively stable.(3) The water potential within leaves had the negative, positive and negative linear correlation with temperature, humidity and light intensity. (4)Different tree specieswere differently affected by altitude, the change of environmental factors and phenology caused by changeable altitude could affect the diurnal and seasonal variation of waterpotentials of some tree species; the lower location of slope was beneficial to keep ingwater potential at a relative highlevel; the order of leaf water potential of Azad irachta indica in three mixed stands from high to low was Azad irachtaindica & Acacia auric, Azadirach ta indica & Leucaena leucojpha la, and Azadirachta indica & Sctdeichera oleosa,which was closely related to the supp ressed condition of Azadirachta ind ica, the extremely dry and hot environmentcould decrease the affection of differentmixed stands on p lant leafwater potential; the water stress caused by the extreme drought inMay could be relieved by irrigation.
The spatial and temporal variations of water potential of 18 tree species for vegetation restoration in thedry-hot valleys of the J insha riverwere systematically analyzed on typ ical sunny day of different seasons in 2005 and2006, some main conclusionswere gotten as follows: (1) The daily water potentials within leaves of the main treespecies in the dry-hot valleys of the Jinsha river all obviously p resented a figure of single2peak in different seasons,the most peak values of dailywater potentials of the leaves appeared at 14: 00; (2) The water potentialwithin leavesof the main tree species in the valleys was deep ly affected by the change of seasons, the characteristic seasonalchange ofwater potentialwithin leaves for all the tree species studied was that the water potential inMarch was bigger than water potential inMay and water potential inMaywas smaller than water potential in October; the dry andhot inMay p romoted the diversity ofwater potential, and the relief of dry and hot stress after rainy season decreasedthe diversity; the diurnal variation of water potentialwithin leaves of the tree species inMay was relatively stable.(3) The water potential within leaves had the negative, positive and negative linear correlation with temperature, humidity and light intensity. (4)Different tree specieswere differently affected by altitude, the change of environmental factors and phenology caused by changeable altitude could affect the diurnal and seasonal variation of waterpotentials of some tree species; the lower location of slope was beneficial to keep ingwater potential at a relative highlevel; the order of leaf water potential of Azad irachta indica in three mixed stands from high to low was Azad irachtaindica & Acacia auric, Azadirach ta indica & Leucaena leucojpha la, and Azadirachta indica & Sctdeichera oleosa,which was closely related to the supp ressed condition of Azadirachta ind ica, the extremely dry and hot environmentcould decrease the affection of differentmixed stands on p lant leafwater potential; the water stress caused by the extreme drought inMay could be relieved by irrigation.
2007, 20(2): 160-164.
Abstract:
Angle indexwas used to identify tree spatial distribution patterns of natural Korean p ine broad-leaved forest, while modelswere emp loyed to fit the relationship s between the number of samp ling points and p robabilities thatthe identified tree spatial patterns coincide with the actuality, and then the number of samp ling points atwhich thesecondary derivatives of the fitted equations began to app roach 0 was determined as the minimum samp le for spotchecking tree spatial distribution patterns of this forest. To further validate the rationality of the minimum samp le,data from 9 simulated p lots and 2 Ecuador natural forest p lotswere also analyzed. It showed that the minimum samp le for spot checking tree spatial distribution patterns of natural Korean p ine broad leaved forest should be 49.
Angle indexwas used to identify tree spatial distribution patterns of natural Korean p ine broad-leaved forest, while modelswere emp loyed to fit the relationship s between the number of samp ling points and p robabilities thatthe identified tree spatial patterns coincide with the actuality, and then the number of samp ling points atwhich thesecondary derivatives of the fitted equations began to app roach 0 was determined as the minimum samp le for spotchecking tree spatial distribution patterns of this forest. To further validate the rationality of the minimum samp le,data from 9 simulated p lots and 2 Ecuador natural forest p lotswere also analyzed. It showed that the minimum samp le for spot checking tree spatial distribution patterns of natural Korean p ine broad leaved forest should be 49.
2007, 20(2): 165-169.
Abstract:
Large-size timber p lantation of valuable hardwood species can combine high-quality hardwood p roductionwith biodiversity conservation and great pursuit on ecological benefit and stability of forest ecosystem, and successfully achieve forest sustainable management. In the past two decades much more attentions have been paid to research on a number of valuable hardwood species and p romote greatly understanding about their biological and ecological characteristics, thus their forestry regimes and importance should be re-assessed. The key techniques for develop ing large-size timber plantations of valuable hardwood species are: (1) to plan forested lands considerably onthe basis of habitat heterogeneity and species characteristics; (2) to use elite seeds and sap lings; (3) to controlstand density in time; (4) to establish mixed forestswith two ormore species; (5) to p roduce knot-free timber byp runing; and (6) to regenerate in gap s formed by harvesting selectively so as to keep forest ecosystem stable. Economic benefits for develop ing valuable hardwood specieswere also calculated taking Castanopsis hystrix as examp le.And the p riority in the fields of research on large-size timber p lantation forestry of valuable hardwood species hasbeen pointed out.
Large-size timber p lantation of valuable hardwood species can combine high-quality hardwood p roductionwith biodiversity conservation and great pursuit on ecological benefit and stability of forest ecosystem, and successfully achieve forest sustainable management. In the past two decades much more attentions have been paid to research on a number of valuable hardwood species and p romote greatly understanding about their biological and ecological characteristics, thus their forestry regimes and importance should be re-assessed. The key techniques for develop ing large-size timber plantations of valuable hardwood species are: (1) to plan forested lands considerably onthe basis of habitat heterogeneity and species characteristics; (2) to use elite seeds and sap lings; (3) to controlstand density in time; (4) to establish mixed forestswith two ormore species; (5) to p roduce knot-free timber byp runing; and (6) to regenerate in gap s formed by harvesting selectively so as to keep forest ecosystem stable. Economic benefits for develop ing valuable hardwood specieswere also calculated taking Castanopsis hystrix as examp le.And the p riority in the fields of research on large-size timber p lantation forestry of valuable hardwood species hasbeen pointed out.
2007, 20(2): 171-175.
Abstract:
The components and act iv ity of digestive enzymes ex tracted from larvae o fM onochamus alternatus, larvaeand adults o fTomicus p inip erda w ere ana lyzed in this paper. The results revealed tha,t there w ere 10 digestive en-zymes in Monochamus alternatus and 8 in Tom icus p inip erda. The activ ity order o f enzymes o f larvae ofMonochamusalternatus arranged as pectinase> amy lase> endo-β-1, 4-g lucanase ( Cx-ase) > hem icellu lase> invertase> -1, 4-glucosidase> exo-β-1, 4-g lucanase ( C1-ase) > lipase> trypsinlike enzym e> pepsin; and for larvae and adu lts ofTomicus p in ip erda, the activity order of enzymed arranged as pectinase> amy lase> hem ice llulase> invertase> exo-1, 4-glucanase( C1-ase) > trypsin like enzyme> lipase> pepsin. There w ere no Cx-ase and -1, 4-g lucosidase forboth larvae and adu lts o fTom icus p iniperda. The resu lt pect inase had the h ighest act iv ity under 55℃ and pH= 8. 6.
The components and act iv ity of digestive enzymes ex tracted from larvae o fM onochamus alternatus, larvaeand adults o fTomicus p inip erda w ere ana lyzed in this paper. The results revealed tha,t there w ere 10 digestive en-zymes in Monochamus alternatus and 8 in Tom icus p inip erda. The activ ity order o f enzymes o f larvae ofMonochamusalternatus arranged as pectinase> amy lase> endo-β-1, 4-g lucanase ( Cx-ase) > hem icellu lase> invertase> -1, 4-glucosidase> exo-β-1, 4-g lucanase ( C1-ase) > lipase> trypsinlike enzym e> pepsin; and for larvae and adu lts ofTomicus p in ip erda, the activity order of enzymed arranged as pectinase> amy lase> hem ice llulase> invertase> exo-1, 4-glucanase( C1-ase) > trypsin like enzyme> lipase> pepsin. There w ere no Cx-ase and -1, 4-g lucosidase forboth larvae and adu lts o fTom icus p iniperda. The resu lt pect inase had the h ighest act iv ity under 55℃ and pH= 8. 6.
2007, 20(2): 176-180.
Abstract:
In this experiment, the role of extracellular polysaccharides ( EPS) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) werestudied by detecting the number of Ralstonia solanacearum in Eucalyptus urophy lla ×E. grandis root adsorp tion andingression. The results showed that the number of GN1 and 93B in adsorp tion and ingression increased obviouslywhen the rootswere treated with EPS, while decreased evidently with LPS in 6 h after inoculation. The number ofbacteria washed off EPS decreased evidently in adsorp tion and ingression to the roots. In comparison, the number ofbacteria washed off both EPS and LPS had the same decreasing tendency, but not so evident as the former. Theseresults demonstrated that EPS p layed a role in enhancing the adsorp tion and ingression of R. solanacea rum to theroots of Eucalyptus urophy lla ×E. grandis, while LPS had inhibitory effect.
In this experiment, the role of extracellular polysaccharides ( EPS) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) werestudied by detecting the number of Ralstonia solanacearum in Eucalyptus urophy lla ×E. grandis root adsorp tion andingression. The results showed that the number of GN1 and 93B in adsorp tion and ingression increased obviouslywhen the rootswere treated with EPS, while decreased evidently with LPS in 6 h after inoculation. The number ofbacteria washed off EPS decreased evidently in adsorp tion and ingression to the roots. In comparison, the number ofbacteria washed off both EPS and LPS had the same decreasing tendency, but not so evident as the former. Theseresults demonstrated that EPS p layed a role in enhancing the adsorp tion and ingression of R. solanacea rum to theroots of Eucalyptus urophy lla ×E. grandis, while LPS had inhibitory effect.
2007, 20(2): 181-187.
Abstract:
Contratest investigat ion on 7 clones ofE ucalyp tus in the m iddle-subtrop ics of Fu jian w as conducted andthe resu lt show ed that the adaptability, fast-grow th and cold-resistance ofE. grandisN o 3 w ere strong, the g row th incrementw as h igh, the stability w as better, it could bear the low temperatures of - 4~ - 4. 5 ?? . The adaptability,fast-g row th and co ld-resistance ofE. grandis No 1, DH 184-1 and DH201-2 were stronger, the yie ld w as h igher, thestability w as excellen,t they could bear the low temperature of - 3. 5~ - 4. 0 ?? . They were suitab le to be planted inFu jian m iddle-subxropica l areaw ith average temperature above 19 ?? ; The fast-g row th ofE. saligna #E. exserta No 9w ere generic but its resistant to co ld w as lim ited, could on ly bear low temeratures o f - 2. 0~ - 2. 5 ?? , the rate offreeze in juryw as h igh. The co ld-resistance ofE. camaldulensisNo 1and No 3 w ere strong, cou ld bear the low temperatures of - 5 ?? , but the ir fast-g row th w ere poor and y ie lds w ere low. Moreover, the variability of th is three clonesw as b ig and the stab ilityw as not good, the adapt ive areaw as narrow, they cou ld on ly f it to p lant on local small areasand d idn? t advocate deve lopment in them idd le-subtrop ics of Fu jian.
Contratest investigat ion on 7 clones ofE ucalyp tus in the m iddle-subtrop ics of Fu jian w as conducted andthe resu lt show ed that the adaptability, fast-grow th and cold-resistance ofE. grandisN o 3 w ere strong, the g row th incrementw as h igh, the stability w as better, it could bear the low temperatures of - 4~ - 4. 5 ?? . The adaptability,fast-g row th and co ld-resistance ofE. grandis No 1, DH 184-1 and DH201-2 were stronger, the yie ld w as h igher, thestability w as excellen,t they could bear the low temperature of - 3. 5~ - 4. 0 ?? . They were suitab le to be planted inFu jian m iddle-subxropica l areaw ith average temperature above 19 ?? ; The fast-g row th ofE. saligna #E. exserta No 9w ere generic but its resistant to co ld w as lim ited, could on ly bear low temeratures o f - 2. 0~ - 2. 5 ?? , the rate offreeze in juryw as h igh. The co ld-resistance ofE. camaldulensisNo 1and No 3 w ere strong, cou ld bear the low temperatures of - 5 ?? , but the ir fast-g row th w ere poor and y ie lds w ere low. Moreover, the variability of th is three clonesw as b ig and the stab ilityw as not good, the adapt ive areaw as narrow, they cou ld on ly f it to p lant on local small areasand d idn? t advocate deve lopment in them idd le-subtrop ics of Fu jian.
2007, 20(2): 188-192.
Abstract:
The effects of photoperiod and temperature on diapause inducing of the greatmormon butterfly Papilio memnon were studied, which came from the population of Emei areas, Sichuan Province. The effects of photoperiod on diapause were related to temperature. Under constant temperature 20 ℃, the percentage of diapause individualswent upwith the shortening of daylength during 12 h to 13 h, and reached to 100% when daylength less than 12. 5 h. Underconstant temperature 25 ℃, the percentage of diapause individualswent up with the shortening of daylength during 11h to 13. 5 h, too, and arrived 94. 5% when daylength at 12 h, but the percentage didnot arrive to 100%. Under con2stant temperature 30 ℃, no diapause happened. The effects of temperature on diapause were also related to photoperiod. Under the same daylength and in the range of test temperature, the percentage of diapause individualswent downwith temperature increasing. When temperature arrived to 30 ℃, no individual went to diapause whether daylengthshort or long. Only short daylength and low temperature were benefit to diapause, long daylength and high temperaturewere benefit to growth. Short daylength had a cumulative effect for inducing diapause. Under constant temperature 20 ℃, the critical photoperiod of Papilio m em non was LD 13 h 11 min∶10 h 49 min, under constant temperature 25℃, the critical photoperiod wasLD 12 h 49 min∶11 h 11 min. The critical daylength shortened with the rising of temperature. The fifth instar larvae of Papilio m em non is the sensitive stage to photoperiod.
The effects of photoperiod and temperature on diapause inducing of the greatmormon butterfly Papilio memnon were studied, which came from the population of Emei areas, Sichuan Province. The effects of photoperiod on diapause were related to temperature. Under constant temperature 20 ℃, the percentage of diapause individualswent upwith the shortening of daylength during 12 h to 13 h, and reached to 100% when daylength less than 12. 5 h. Underconstant temperature 25 ℃, the percentage of diapause individualswent up with the shortening of daylength during 11h to 13. 5 h, too, and arrived 94. 5% when daylength at 12 h, but the percentage didnot arrive to 100%. Under con2stant temperature 30 ℃, no diapause happened. The effects of temperature on diapause were also related to photoperiod. Under the same daylength and in the range of test temperature, the percentage of diapause individualswent downwith temperature increasing. When temperature arrived to 30 ℃, no individual went to diapause whether daylengthshort or long. Only short daylength and low temperature were benefit to diapause, long daylength and high temperaturewere benefit to growth. Short daylength had a cumulative effect for inducing diapause. Under constant temperature 20 ℃, the critical photoperiod of Papilio m em non was LD 13 h 11 min∶10 h 49 min, under constant temperature 25℃, the critical photoperiod wasLD 12 h 49 min∶11 h 11 min. The critical daylength shortened with the rising of temperature. The fifth instar larvae of Papilio m em non is the sensitive stage to photoperiod.
2007, 20(2): 193-197.
Abstract:
The paper aimed that distilling and analyzing the seed kernel oil of Xanthoceras sorbifoL ia Bunge. Themethod of the oil analysis was gas chromatography (GC). The results are as follows the oil contained 11 kinds offatty acid, such as palmitic acid (C16 ∶0 ) , stearic acid (C18 ∶0 ) , oleic acid (C18 ∶1 ) , linoleic acid (C18 ∶2 ) ,arachidic acid (C20∶0) , linolenic acid (C18∶3) , 11c, 14c-eicosadienoic acid (C20∶2) , docosanoic acid (C22∶0) ,mead acid (C20∶3) , tetracosanoic acid (C24∶0) , nervonic acid (C24∶1) and so on. The carbon numbers of the fatty acids were mainly from 16 to 18,which was suited to p roduce biodiesel. The authors included that: the trend ofthe fatty acids contents, such as C18∶2, C20∶3, C18∶3, C20∶2, C22∶0, C24∶0, C24∶1, were imp roved with the latitude and longitude increase, but C18∶1 content was decreased. And other fatty acids contents such as C16∶0, C20∶0, C18∶0 increased with the latitude increase or the longitude decrease.
The paper aimed that distilling and analyzing the seed kernel oil of Xanthoceras sorbifoL ia Bunge. Themethod of the oil analysis was gas chromatography (GC). The results are as follows the oil contained 11 kinds offatty acid, such as palmitic acid (C16 ∶0 ) , stearic acid (C18 ∶0 ) , oleic acid (C18 ∶1 ) , linoleic acid (C18 ∶2 ) ,arachidic acid (C20∶0) , linolenic acid (C18∶3) , 11c, 14c-eicosadienoic acid (C20∶2) , docosanoic acid (C22∶0) ,mead acid (C20∶3) , tetracosanoic acid (C24∶0) , nervonic acid (C24∶1) and so on. The carbon numbers of the fatty acids were mainly from 16 to 18,which was suited to p roduce biodiesel. The authors included that: the trend ofthe fatty acids contents, such as C18∶2, C20∶3, C18∶3, C20∶2, C22∶0, C24∶0, C24∶1, were imp roved with the latitude and longitude increase, but C18∶1 content was decreased. And other fatty acids contents such as C16∶0, C20∶0, C18∶0 increased with the latitude increase or the longitude decrease.
2007, 20(2): 198-203.
Abstract:
Four tree species of the genus N yssa from southern America were introduced. Of them, N. aquatica andN. sy lvatica var. bif lora had been p lanted in p lain sites of Zhejiang, J iangsu, J iangxi, and Shanghai for 3～4 years.Theirmorphological characters, growth, adap tability, and waterlogging tolerance were emphatically investigated incomparison with N. sinensis, which ranges in mountain area of southern China. The sap lings of the two exotic treespecies had good growth in most p laces and had not freeze damage, diseases and insect pests. N. aquatica had betterheight growth than N. sylvatica var. bif lora and N. sinensis. The two foreign species showed high water demand andwaterlogging tolerance, so could be popularized in low, wet p lain. The key for their successful culture is to maintainenough water supp ly, such as to make seeds stratification by sowing, to choose low and wet site for seedling-raisingand p lanting, and to keep from soil aridity.
Four tree species of the genus N yssa from southern America were introduced. Of them, N. aquatica andN. sy lvatica var. bif lora had been p lanted in p lain sites of Zhejiang, J iangsu, J iangxi, and Shanghai for 3～4 years.Theirmorphological characters, growth, adap tability, and waterlogging tolerance were emphatically investigated incomparison with N. sinensis, which ranges in mountain area of southern China. The sap lings of the two exotic treespecies had good growth in most p laces and had not freeze damage, diseases and insect pests. N. aquatica had betterheight growth than N. sylvatica var. bif lora and N. sinensis. The two foreign species showed high water demand andwaterlogging tolerance, so could be popularized in low, wet p lain. The key for their successful culture is to maintainenough water supp ly, such as to make seeds stratification by sowing, to choose low and wet site for seedling-raisingand p lanting, and to keep from soil aridity.
2007, 20(2): 204-208.
Abstract:
A survey of pathogens of Monochamus alterna tus, a vector o fB ursaphelenchus xy loph ilus, w as con-ducted at Forest Fa rm of Maanshan, Anhu i Prov ince. E igh t entomogenous fung i and one bacterium w ere ident ified from M onochamu s alterna tu s in pine forests. O f these species, B eauveria bassiana w as the m ost commonspec ies. There w as substant ia l variab ility in v iru lence among the stra ins of the sam e spec iesB. bassian and thedifferent species. The stra ins o fB. bassiana w ere tested on v iru lence toM. alternatu s, co lony g row th and sporogenous ability. These resu lts suggested stra in 226 m ight be a effect ive agent for con tro ling o fM. alterna tus.
A survey of pathogens of Monochamus alterna tus, a vector o fB ursaphelenchus xy loph ilus, w as con-ducted at Forest Fa rm of Maanshan, Anhu i Prov ince. E igh t entomogenous fung i and one bacterium w ere ident ified from M onochamu s alterna tu s in pine forests. O f these species, B eauveria bassiana w as the m ost commonspec ies. There w as substant ia l variab ility in v iru lence among the stra ins of the sam e spec iesB. bassian and thedifferent species. The stra ins o fB. bassiana w ere tested on v iru lence toM. alternatu s, co lony g row th and sporogenous ability. These resu lts suggested stra in 226 m ight be a effect ive agent for con tro ling o fM. alterna tus.
2007, 20(2): 209-212.
Abstract:
In this paper suitable germinatingmedia and optimized temperature for pollens of Betula alnoides Buch. Ham. exD. Don were screened out through comparison tests using all sorts of germinatingmedia with different concentrations of sugarand boric acid under a series of temperature conditions, and its pollen germination processwas characterizedwith pollens collected from four individuals. Itwas indicated that supplementing boric acid to sugarmedia could remarkably accelerate pollengermination of B. alnoides, the suitable media for pollen germination consist of 15% sucrose and 200mg. kg-1 boric acid indistilled water, and optimized temperature was 30 ℃ for this species. And under these good conditions, the pollen germination rate and pollen tube length became stabilized after three hours and seven hours, respectively.
In this paper suitable germinatingmedia and optimized temperature for pollens of Betula alnoides Buch. Ham. exD. Don were screened out through comparison tests using all sorts of germinatingmedia with different concentrations of sugarand boric acid under a series of temperature conditions, and its pollen germination processwas characterizedwith pollens collected from four individuals. Itwas indicated that supplementing boric acid to sugarmedia could remarkably accelerate pollengermination of B. alnoides, the suitable media for pollen germination consist of 15% sucrose and 200mg. kg-1 boric acid indistilled water, and optimized temperature was 30 ℃ for this species. And under these good conditions, the pollen germination rate and pollen tube length became stabilized after three hours and seven hours, respectively.
2007, 20(2): 213-217.
Abstract:
The tracheid properties and t issue ratio o f the juven ilew ood ofTaxod ium zhong shansha 302! andT. dis??tichum at breast heightw ere determ ined w ith m icroscope, and the variance of the properties betw een the tw o speciesand the radial var iat ion pattern w ere analyzed w ith GLM procedure o f SAS. The resu lts show ed that the average oftrache id leng th, w idth and length to w idth ratio ofT.' zhongshansha 302' were 2 737. 84??m, 44. 84??m and 60. 86respective ly, wh ich ofT. distichum w ere 2 698. 52μm, 43. 44μm and 61. 51 respect ively. The average of tangen??t ial trache id w all th ickness o f earlywood and latew ood o fT. zhongshansha 302! w ere respectively 5. 91μm and7. 57μm, fo rT. distichum the average o fw hich w ere 5. 89μm and 6. 54μm respectively. The average of tracheidw a ll to lum en ratio of earlywood and latew ood o fT. zhong shansha 302! andT. distichum w ere respectively 0. 15μmand 0. 35μm. The variance analysis ind icated that tracheid w a ll thickness of the latew ood o fT. zhongshansha302! w as significant ly th icker than the latewood o fT. d istichum at 0. 05 leve,l and other tracheid properties and a ll kinds of tissue rat io ofT. zhongshansha 302! did not sign ificantly d iffer from those properties ofT. d istichum. Thevar iance analysis also show ed that the tracheid leng th, w idth, length to w idth ratio, tangentia lw all thickness, tra??cheid tissue ratio, ray tissue rat io varied sign ificantly among annua l rings at 0. 05 leve.l T rache id w a ll to lumen ratioof earlyw ood and parenchym a tissue ratio d id not vary significant ly among annual rings at 0. 05 leve.l T racheidleng th, w idth, tangen tialw a ll thickness, tracheid t issue rat io o fw ood of the tw o spec ies increased greatly from thepith outw ard but ray tissue ratio decreased from p ith outw ard.
The tracheid properties and t issue ratio o f the juven ilew ood ofTaxod ium zhong shansha 302! andT. dis??tichum at breast heightw ere determ ined w ith m icroscope, and the variance of the properties betw een the tw o speciesand the radial var iat ion pattern w ere analyzed w ith GLM procedure o f SAS. The resu lts show ed that the average oftrache id leng th, w idth and length to w idth ratio ofT.' zhongshansha 302' were 2 737. 84??m, 44. 84??m and 60. 86respective ly, wh ich ofT. distichum w ere 2 698. 52μm, 43. 44μm and 61. 51 respect ively. The average of tangen??t ial trache id w all th ickness o f earlywood and latew ood o fT. zhongshansha 302! w ere respectively 5. 91μm and7. 57μm, fo rT. distichum the average o fw hich w ere 5. 89μm and 6. 54μm respectively. The average of tracheidw a ll to lum en ratio of earlywood and latew ood o fT. zhong shansha 302! andT. distichum w ere respectively 0. 15μmand 0. 35μm. The variance analysis ind icated that tracheid w a ll thickness of the latew ood o fT. zhongshansha302! w as significant ly th icker than the latewood o fT. d istichum at 0. 05 leve,l and other tracheid properties and a ll kinds of tissue rat io ofT. zhongshansha 302! did not sign ificantly d iffer from those properties ofT. d istichum. Thevar iance analysis also show ed that the tracheid leng th, w idth, length to w idth ratio, tangentia lw all thickness, tra??cheid tissue ratio, ray tissue rat io varied sign ificantly among annua l rings at 0. 05 leve.l T rache id w a ll to lumen ratioof earlyw ood and parenchym a tissue ratio d id not vary significant ly among annual rings at 0. 05 leve.l T racheidleng th, w idth, tangen tialw a ll thickness, tracheid t issue rat io o fw ood of the tw o spec ies increased greatly from thepith outw ard but ray tissue ratio decreased from p ith outw ard.
2007, 20(2): 218-223.
Abstract:
To decrease the damage caused byNotodontidae in Populus × euramericana, the seven strains ofB eauveria bassiana ( Bb)were tested on co lonymorphology, growth rate ofmyce lium, sporulat ion, spore germ inat ion rate and virulence,and the forms of o il formulation, emulsion, water agent and pow der of Bb w ere adopted to contro l in forestw ith differentfungus application amoun.t The results showed that the screened excellent strain named B jyw ere the best among others,w ith lawns were ch ick, co loniesw ere round, edgesw ere regu lar, thicknessw ere uniform and veinswere clear, and sporulat ion w as 3. 81×108 per square centmi eter and spore germination ratewas 96. 67% w ithin twenty－four hours. The tox ic itydetermination show ed that themortality reached 94. 4% and white cadaver rate was 92. 2% on the tw ent ieth day; the o ilformulation by ULV spray ing w as the best and 1. 5 ×1013, 2. 0×1013 spores per hectare w ere optmi a,l w hich had a goodcontro l effect ofmortality attained 95. 4% and 100%, white cadaver ratew ere 84. 6% and 90. 2%, damage rates of leafw ere 39. 7% and 32. 3%. Threem illilitres Fema lerate per hactarew ere added to oil formulation o fBb, the contro l effectofmortality attained 93. 8%, wh ite cadaver rate was 67. 9%, damage rate of leafw as 26. 1% were testified.
To decrease the damage caused byNotodontidae in Populus × euramericana, the seven strains ofB eauveria bassiana ( Bb)were tested on co lonymorphology, growth rate ofmyce lium, sporulat ion, spore germ inat ion rate and virulence,and the forms of o il formulation, emulsion, water agent and pow der of Bb w ere adopted to contro l in forestw ith differentfungus application amoun.t The results showed that the screened excellent strain named B jyw ere the best among others,w ith lawns were ch ick, co loniesw ere round, edgesw ere regu lar, thicknessw ere uniform and veinswere clear, and sporulat ion w as 3. 81×108 per square centmi eter and spore germination ratewas 96. 67% w ithin twenty－four hours. The tox ic itydetermination show ed that themortality reached 94. 4% and white cadaver rate was 92. 2% on the tw ent ieth day; the o ilformulation by ULV spray ing w as the best and 1. 5 ×1013, 2. 0×1013 spores per hectare w ere optmi a,l w hich had a goodcontro l effect ofmortality attained 95. 4% and 100%, white cadaver ratew ere 84. 6% and 90. 2%, damage rates of leafw ere 39. 7% and 32. 3%. Threem illilitres Fema lerate per hactarew ere added to oil formulation o fBb, the contro l effectofmortality attained 93. 8%, wh ite cadaver rate was 67. 9%, damage rate of leafw as 26. 1% were testified.
2007, 20(2): 224-229.
Abstract:
The organization of pollen and pollen tubes of Pinus thunbergiiwas studied by using a confocal laser scanning microscope after fluorescence labeling. A Pinus thunberg ii pollen was 4-celled pollen with two degenerated p rothallial cells, one generative cell and one tube cell. In culture, pollen germination occurred after app roximately 12h of hydration. During tube growth, the tube cell nucleusmoved into the elongating tube, but the generative cells remained within the pollen grain. There are two distinct zones in elongating pollen tubes. One began in the pollen andextended towards the pollen tube tip, containing abounding amylop lasts. The other zone was the clear zone lackingamylop lasts at the elongating pollen tube tip. The cytop lasmic-streaming type in the tube cellwas a regular fountainlike pattern, with organellesmoving towards the tip in the center of the tube and away from the tip along the cellcortex. Fluorescence microscopy indicated that the pollen tube wall contained cellulose microfibrils and, callose wasp resent in the younger pollen tubes, but disappeared from the older tubes. No callose p lug was detected within thepollen tube. The pollen tube generally developed two to six branches. The sucrose concentration in culture mediumaffected the formation of tube branching and the growth rate of tubes to a great extent. The p resent study suggestedthat the development and cellular organization of gymnosperms pollen tubeswere considerably different from those ofangiosperm pollen tubes.
The organization of pollen and pollen tubes of Pinus thunbergiiwas studied by using a confocal laser scanning microscope after fluorescence labeling. A Pinus thunberg ii pollen was 4-celled pollen with two degenerated p rothallial cells, one generative cell and one tube cell. In culture, pollen germination occurred after app roximately 12h of hydration. During tube growth, the tube cell nucleusmoved into the elongating tube, but the generative cells remained within the pollen grain. There are two distinct zones in elongating pollen tubes. One began in the pollen andextended towards the pollen tube tip, containing abounding amylop lasts. The other zone was the clear zone lackingamylop lasts at the elongating pollen tube tip. The cytop lasmic-streaming type in the tube cellwas a regular fountainlike pattern, with organellesmoving towards the tip in the center of the tube and away from the tip along the cellcortex. Fluorescence microscopy indicated that the pollen tube wall contained cellulose microfibrils and, callose wasp resent in the younger pollen tubes, but disappeared from the older tubes. No callose p lug was detected within thepollen tube. The pollen tube generally developed two to six branches. The sucrose concentration in culture mediumaffected the formation of tube branching and the growth rate of tubes to a great extent. The p resent study suggestedthat the development and cellular organization of gymnosperms pollen tubeswere considerably different from those ofangiosperm pollen tubes.
2007, 20(2): 230-234.
Abstract:
Seven EST-CAPS markerswere identified from 54 candidate ESTs for genetic mapp ingwith an F1 population of Eucalyptus urophylla ×E. tereticornis, including three specific in female parent (one being aberrant from normal segregation among the sibs) , two specific in male parent, and two shared by both parents. Four EST2CAPSmarkers were integrated to independent linkage group s on the RAPD linkage map of E. urophylla constructed p reviously, which contributed to some degrees to the extension of linkage group length. Also, four EST2CAPSs weremapped to different linkage group s on the RAPD linkage map of E. tereticornis, which gave rise to the increase oflinkage group length. In addition, the aberrantmarkerwas found to be unlinked to any linkage group in E. urophylla. This study demonstrated the usefulness of EST-CAPSmarkers in genetic mapp ing in Euca lyptus.
Seven EST-CAPS markerswere identified from 54 candidate ESTs for genetic mapp ingwith an F1 population of Eucalyptus urophylla ×E. tereticornis, including three specific in female parent (one being aberrant from normal segregation among the sibs) , two specific in male parent, and two shared by both parents. Four EST2CAPSmarkers were integrated to independent linkage group s on the RAPD linkage map of E. urophylla constructed p reviously, which contributed to some degrees to the extension of linkage group length. Also, four EST2CAPSs weremapped to different linkage group s on the RAPD linkage map of E. tereticornis, which gave rise to the increase oflinkage group length. In addition, the aberrantmarkerwas found to be unlinked to any linkage group in E. urophylla. This study demonstrated the usefulness of EST-CAPSmarkers in genetic mapp ing in Euca lyptus.
2007, 20(2): 235-240.
Abstract:
The influence o f site preparation and tending onLarix kaempf eri grow th w as studied, based on the expermi enta lforest of 4×3 site preparation and tending methods set up during E ighth Five??year??plan period. The resu lts show ed thatdifferent site preparationmethods affected the grow th and surviva l rate ofLarix kaempf eri, especially significantly affectedthe annual grow th after afforestat ion. The suggested site preparat ion for short rotat ion industrial plantation o f Larixkaempferi in northern sub??tropical alpine areaw as hole reclamat ion w ith A1 ( 60 cm ×60 cm×35 cm), ofwhich the diame??ter, he igh,t vo lume and standing stock at15??year??o ld w ere 3. 36%, 3. 61%, 12. 29%, and 38. 98% respectively h igher thanthat of A0. D ifferences in tree grow th among 3 tending methods w ere not statistica lly significan.t And the interaction ofsite preparation and tend ing affected the grow th insignificantly, but the DBH, tree he ight volume and standing stock of A1B2 at 15－year－o ld w ere 12. 56%, 14. 65%, 53. 13% and 68. 16% respectively higher than that ofA0B2. Therefore, A1B2 site preparation and tending combinedmethod w as suggested for the area for short rotation industrial plantation ofLarixkaempferi, name ly ho le reclamation w ith 60 cm ×60 cm ×35 cm and tw ice a year tending, one in Julyw ith ho le reclama??t ion and grass??cutting, and the another one in Augustw ith clear cutting.
The influence o f site preparation and tending onLarix kaempf eri grow th w as studied, based on the expermi enta lforest of 4×3 site preparation and tending methods set up during E ighth Five??year??plan period. The resu lts show ed thatdifferent site preparationmethods affected the grow th and surviva l rate ofLarix kaempf eri, especially significantly affectedthe annual grow th after afforestat ion. The suggested site preparat ion for short rotat ion industrial plantation o f Larixkaempferi in northern sub??tropical alpine areaw as hole reclamat ion w ith A1 ( 60 cm ×60 cm×35 cm), ofwhich the diame??ter, he igh,t vo lume and standing stock at15??year??o ld w ere 3. 36%, 3. 61%, 12. 29%, and 38. 98% respectively h igher thanthat of A0. D ifferences in tree grow th among 3 tending methods w ere not statistica lly significan.t And the interaction ofsite preparation and tend ing affected the grow th insignificantly, but the DBH, tree he ight volume and standing stock of A1B2 at 15－year－o ld w ere 12. 56%, 14. 65%, 53. 13% and 68. 16% respectively higher than that ofA0B2. Therefore, A1B2 site preparation and tending combinedmethod w as suggested for the area for short rotation industrial plantation ofLarixkaempferi, name ly ho le reclamation w ith 60 cm ×60 cm ×35 cm and tw ice a year tending, one in Julyw ith ho le reclama??t ion and grass??cutting, and the another one in Augustw ith clear cutting.
Plant Spec ies D iversity ofMa in Forest Commun ity Types inSan Jiangyuan Na tiona l Na ture Reserve
2007, 20(2): 241-245.
Abstract:
The characteristics of fourmain forest community types were analyzed by typ ical samp ling technology, αdiversity andβdiversitywere calculated with various calculation methods. The results showed that: (1) In fourmainforest communities of Picea crassifolia, Picea lik iangensis var. balfouriana, Picea purpurea and Sabina tibetica, α diversity which rep resented by Shannon-wiener index and Gleason richness index had the highest value in herb layers,the medium in shrub layers and the lowest in tree layers. (2) Among the 4 main forest communities, the ordinationorder ofα diversity in tree layers from high to low was that Picea crassifolia community > P. pu rpu rea community >S abina tibetica community > P. likiangensis var. balfou riana community. (3) There were no significant difference ofspecies diversity in shrub layers among Picea crassifolia comm unity, P. purpurea community and P. lik iangensis varbalfouriana community, which of them distributed in shade slopes, however, S abina tibetica community distributedin sunny slopes had the lowest species diversity in shrub layers because of grazing disturbance and natural conditionsof sunny slopes. (4) Species diversity in herb species of Sabina tibetica communitywas higher than other communities which distributed in shade slope. (5) Here, β diversity indicated that the similar degree of species compositionamong communities which was determined by ecological range and biological characteristics of dominant species.
The characteristics of fourmain forest community types were analyzed by typ ical samp ling technology, αdiversity andβdiversitywere calculated with various calculation methods. The results showed that: (1) In fourmainforest communities of Picea crassifolia, Picea lik iangensis var. balfouriana, Picea purpurea and Sabina tibetica, α diversity which rep resented by Shannon-wiener index and Gleason richness index had the highest value in herb layers,the medium in shrub layers and the lowest in tree layers. (2) Among the 4 main forest communities, the ordinationorder ofα diversity in tree layers from high to low was that Picea crassifolia community > P. pu rpu rea community >S abina tibetica community > P. likiangensis var. balfou riana community. (3) There were no significant difference ofspecies diversity in shrub layers among Picea crassifolia comm unity, P. purpurea community and P. lik iangensis varbalfouriana community, which of them distributed in shade slopes, however, S abina tibetica community distributedin sunny slopes had the lowest species diversity in shrub layers because of grazing disturbance and natural conditionsof sunny slopes. (4) Species diversity in herb species of Sabina tibetica communitywas higher than other communities which distributed in shade slope. (5) Here, β diversity indicated that the similar degree of species compositionamong communities which was determined by ecological range and biological characteristics of dominant species.
2007, 20(2): 246-250.
Abstract:
The acid value and the peroxide value of standing storaged oil-tea camellia seed oil samp le under the roomtemperature and dark condition were determined. The results showde that under long-term storage condition, both theacid value and the peroxide value of oil-tea camellia seed oil samp les increased. The longer the time lasted , thequicker speed increased, and the easier the quality degraded. Under the same storage condition, for different purifiedsolvent extraction oil-tea camellia seed oil, the more purified, the more oxidized; for different p rocess techniques, solvent extraction was oxidized more easily than p ressed oil-tea camellia seed oil. So the temperature and time had greateffect on acid value and peroxide value of long-term storaged oil-tea camellia seed oil samp le.
The acid value and the peroxide value of standing storaged oil-tea camellia seed oil samp le under the roomtemperature and dark condition were determined. The results showde that under long-term storage condition, both theacid value and the peroxide value of oil-tea camellia seed oil samp les increased. The longer the time lasted , thequicker speed increased, and the easier the quality degraded. Under the same storage condition, for different purifiedsolvent extraction oil-tea camellia seed oil, the more purified, the more oxidized; for different p rocess techniques, solvent extraction was oxidized more easily than p ressed oil-tea camellia seed oil. So the temperature and time had greateffect on acid value and peroxide value of long-term storaged oil-tea camellia seed oil samp le.
2007, 20(2): 251-256.
Abstract:
The result showed that app rop riate combined fertilization ofN, P and K nutrition could obviously enhancethe young growth of Taxus chinensis var. m airei, but excessive fertilizerwould restrain the growth, in the case ofmedium or poor soil fertility, lower content of N, P and organic matter. There were significant differences among theeffects of various combined fertilization ofN, P and K on young growth. The sp rout length, collar diameter growth,branch number and drymatter accumulation under fertilization were more than the CK by 33. 14%～80. 77% , 100.00%～ 161. 90% , 11. 81% ～47. 17% and 207. 42% ～325. 05% respectively. Those four characteristics of 7 thp rescrip tion, the best combination among 15 p rescrip tions,were more than that of 12 th p rescrip tion, the worst one,by 47. 63% , 61. 90% , 35. 36% and 117. 63% respectively. P nutrition had the most important effect on T.chinensis var. m airei growth. The effectwas poor to add the amount ofN and Kwhen the soilwas lack of P. The interaction between N and P was significant and the combined fertilization could obviously p romote the growth of T.chinensis var. m a irei.
The result showed that app rop riate combined fertilization ofN, P and K nutrition could obviously enhancethe young growth of Taxus chinensis var. m airei, but excessive fertilizerwould restrain the growth, in the case ofmedium or poor soil fertility, lower content of N, P and organic matter. There were significant differences among theeffects of various combined fertilization ofN, P and K on young growth. The sp rout length, collar diameter growth,branch number and drymatter accumulation under fertilization were more than the CK by 33. 14%～80. 77% , 100.00%～ 161. 90% , 11. 81% ～47. 17% and 207. 42% ～325. 05% respectively. Those four characteristics of 7 thp rescrip tion, the best combination among 15 p rescrip tions,were more than that of 12 th p rescrip tion, the worst one,by 47. 63% , 61. 90% , 35. 36% and 117. 63% respectively. P nutrition had the most important effect on T.chinensis var. m airei growth. The effectwas poor to add the amount ofN and Kwhen the soilwas lack of P. The interaction between N and P was significant and the combined fertilization could obviously p romote the growth of T.chinensis var. m a irei.
2007, 20(2): 257-262.
Abstract:
This study focused on increasing the water resource conservation ability of the Gongbiela riverwatershed.By GIS techonology and available advanced high spatial resolution remote sensing image SPOT5, the landscape image database was set up. According to the analyse of the spational distribution and the composing of the forest typesand forest species, The p roblem existing in the water resources conservation forests were pointed out. And all thiswas p rovided to quantificationally analyse the ability of water resource conservation and to meet the demands of theregional forestry engineering construction, constructing the forest system with coverage rate feasible, structure rational and the ecologieal benefits.
This study focused on increasing the water resource conservation ability of the Gongbiela riverwatershed.By GIS techonology and available advanced high spatial resolution remote sensing image SPOT5, the landscape image database was set up. According to the analyse of the spational distribution and the composing of the forest typesand forest species, The p roblem existing in the water resources conservation forests were pointed out. And all thiswas p rovided to quantificationally analyse the ability of water resource conservation and to meet the demands of theregional forestry engineering construction, constructing the forest system with coverage rate feasible, structure rational and the ecologieal benefits.
2007, 20(2): 263-266.
Abstract:
By widey samp ling in the main distribution area of Cam ellia chekiangoleosa and studying on variation offruit shape and relevance amony characters, the following results were obtaied. There were significant differences inCam ellia chekiangoleosa fruits among and within 6 p roducing areas. The collectivity of fruit variation coefficients ofthe fruitweight, the fruit height, the fruit diameter and the fruit height/diameter were 42. 07% , 15. 79% , 14. 77%and 10. 14% within the p roducing areas respectively. Within the p roducing area, the maximal and minimal variationcoefficientswere still the fruitweight and the fruit height/diameter. Significant linear correlation was found betweenthe fruit height and diameter of Cam ellia chek iangoleosa within different p roducing areas. The fruit height, the fruitdiameter were all significantly correlated with the single fruit weight within every p roducing area. But the fruitheight/diameterwas not accordantly correlated with the single fruit weightwithin different p roducing areas.
By widey samp ling in the main distribution area of Cam ellia chekiangoleosa and studying on variation offruit shape and relevance amony characters, the following results were obtaied. There were significant differences inCam ellia chekiangoleosa fruits among and within 6 p roducing areas. The collectivity of fruit variation coefficients ofthe fruitweight, the fruit height, the fruit diameter and the fruit height/diameter were 42. 07% , 15. 79% , 14. 77%and 10. 14% within the p roducing areas respectively. Within the p roducing area, the maximal and minimal variationcoefficientswere still the fruitweight and the fruit height/diameter. Significant linear correlation was found betweenthe fruit height and diameter of Cam ellia chek iangoleosa within different p roducing areas. The fruit height, the fruitdiameter were all significantly correlated with the single fruit weight within every p roducing area. But the fruitheight/diameterwas not accordantly correlated with the single fruit weightwithin different p roducing areas.
2007, 20(2): 267-271.
Abstract:
Essential oilswere obtained from the bark of ten species of Populus p lants, namely P. ×xiaozhuanica cv.‘Baicheng-2’, P. sim onii ×P. nigra, P. russk ii, P. berolinensis, P. pseudo-sim onii, P. pseudo2sim onii ×P.nigra, P. ussu riensis, P. stalinetz, P. alba ×P. berolinensis and P. sim onii by means of steam distillation technique. The chemical constituents of the oilswere separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) , and 19, 22, 29, 20, 10, 36, 20, 14, 16 and 10 components were separated, respectively, of which15, 21, 27, 18, 9, 33, 17, 11, 13 and 9 componentswere identified. The hexanal, furaldehyde, salicylaldehyde,(E, E) -2, 4-hep tadienal and linoleic acid were extracted from all the ten pop lar trees bark’s essential oil, theamounts of salicylaldehyde in all of them were more than 12. 16% , and especially in P. sim onii, 90. 15%. Themain constituents of the ten essential oilswere aldehydes, esters, alkanes etc. , the percentages of identified components from the total essential oil were 95. 06% , 98. 34% , 96. 91%, 91. 08% , 100% , 96. 00% , 90. 69% ,89. 65% , 95. 31% and 99. 55% respectively.
Essential oilswere obtained from the bark of ten species of Populus p lants, namely P. ×xiaozhuanica cv.‘Baicheng-2’, P. sim onii ×P. nigra, P. russk ii, P. berolinensis, P. pseudo-sim onii, P. pseudo2sim onii ×P.nigra, P. ussu riensis, P. stalinetz, P. alba ×P. berolinensis and P. sim onii by means of steam distillation technique. The chemical constituents of the oilswere separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) , and 19, 22, 29, 20, 10, 36, 20, 14, 16 and 10 components were separated, respectively, of which15, 21, 27, 18, 9, 33, 17, 11, 13 and 9 componentswere identified. The hexanal, furaldehyde, salicylaldehyde,(E, E) -2, 4-hep tadienal and linoleic acid were extracted from all the ten pop lar trees bark’s essential oil, theamounts of salicylaldehyde in all of them were more than 12. 16% , and especially in P. sim onii, 90. 15%. Themain constituents of the ten essential oilswere aldehydes, esters, alkanes etc. , the percentages of identified components from the total essential oil were 95. 06% , 98. 34% , 96. 91%, 91. 08% , 100% , 96. 00% , 90. 69% ,89. 65% , 95. 31% and 99. 55% respectively.
2007, 20(2): 272-277.
Abstract:
The pattern s of dom inant spec ies and ligneous plant commun ity d iversity w as analyzed at different a l-t itudinal grad ients in the ea rth-rocky m ounta inous area in w estern Shanx i P rov ince. The resu lt are as fo llow s:the dom inan t species had regu lar change in different altitud ina l grad ients; the species r ichness o f a ll the ligneousplants decreased w ith the incremen t o f altitude. The tree species richnessw as h igh in the commun ity o f h igh a lt itude, but the shrub spec ies richness w as h igh in the commun ity of low a ltitude. In most a ltitude the richnessof shrub species w as grea ter than that of arbor spec ies. The β diversity o f arbo r layers w as b ig in h igh altitude,how ever the β diversity of shrub layer decreased w ith the increm en t o f a lt itude. In the ?? diversity research, theCody index andW h ittaker index w ere stud ied in the commun ities o f th is reg ion. The resu lt ind icated that the ??diversity index w as low am ong the communities of ne ighbor ing a ltitude, but the index increased w hen the d istance w as high be tw een the commun ities. The resu lt show ed the value of ?? diversity ind icesw as m ax im al in thereg ion of about 1 650 m a lt itude.
The pattern s of dom inant spec ies and ligneous plant commun ity d iversity w as analyzed at different a l-t itudinal grad ients in the ea rth-rocky m ounta inous area in w estern Shanx i P rov ince. The resu lt are as fo llow s:the dom inan t species had regu lar change in different altitud ina l grad ients; the species r ichness o f a ll the ligneousplants decreased w ith the incremen t o f altitude. The tree species richnessw as h igh in the commun ity o f h igh a lt itude, but the shrub spec ies richness w as h igh in the commun ity of low a ltitude. In most a ltitude the richnessof shrub species w as grea ter than that of arbor spec ies. The β diversity o f arbo r layers w as b ig in h igh altitude,how ever the β diversity of shrub layer decreased w ith the increm en t o f a lt itude. In the ?? diversity research, theCody index andW h ittaker index w ere stud ied in the commun ities o f th is reg ion. The resu lt ind icated that the ??diversity index w as low am ong the communities of ne ighbor ing a ltitude, but the index increased w hen the d istance w as high be tw een the commun ities. The resu lt show ed the value of ?? diversity ind icesw as m ax im al in thereg ion of about 1 650 m a lt itude.
2007, 20(2): 278-282.
Abstract:
ISSR were used to detect the genetic diversity among 10 oil-tea camellia superior clones and 1 controlsamp le ( seedling). 16 p rimers out of 99 were screened out and 135 ISSR markerswere amp lified from these cloneswith 114 polymorphic loci. The average genetic distance between genotypes of cloneswas 0. 419,which was of closerdistance compared with that between superior clones and control samp le, 0. 58. The study showed that there was abig genetic distance between them and established the molecular identification of oil tea superior clones. It meansthat a sound ground was laid down for the molecular breeding of oil-tea.
ISSR were used to detect the genetic diversity among 10 oil-tea camellia superior clones and 1 controlsamp le ( seedling). 16 p rimers out of 99 were screened out and 135 ISSR markerswere amp lified from these cloneswith 114 polymorphic loci. The average genetic distance between genotypes of cloneswas 0. 419,which was of closerdistance compared with that between superior clones and control samp le, 0. 58. The study showed that there was abig genetic distance between them and established the molecular identification of oil tea superior clones. It meansthat a sound ground was laid down for the molecular breeding of oil-tea.
2007, 20(2): 283-286.
Abstract:
Genetic variation of 26 stra ins of Cryphonectria parasitica from Korea, USA and Ch ina w as investigatedusing random amplified po lymorph ic DNA (RAPD) of genom ic DNA. 115 RAPD bandsw ere amplified by po lymer??ase cha in react ion w ith 12 random primers, and 61. 7% o f wh ich w ere polymorphic, the size of amp lified RAPDbands ranged from 0. 19 to 3. 1 kb. The lineage of 26 strains based on cluster analysis of RAPD bands, could beclassified as 1 b ig g roup and the big group inc luded 17 stra ins o fKo rea and 4 strains ofUSA. From th is resu l,t itw as show ed thatmost stra ins ofKoreaw ere sim ilar to each other, and also sim ilar to strains o fUSA, and the geneticre lationsh ip w ith stra in o f China w as very low.
Genetic variation of 26 stra ins of Cryphonectria parasitica from Korea, USA and Ch ina w as investigatedusing random amplified po lymorph ic DNA (RAPD) of genom ic DNA. 115 RAPD bandsw ere amplified by po lymer??ase cha in react ion w ith 12 random primers, and 61. 7% o f wh ich w ere polymorphic, the size of amp lified RAPDbands ranged from 0. 19 to 3. 1 kb. The lineage of 26 strains based on cluster analysis of RAPD bands, could beclassified as 1 b ig g roup and the big group inc luded 17 stra ins o fKo rea and 4 strains ofUSA. From th is resu l,t itw as show ed thatmost stra ins ofKoreaw ere sim ilar to each other, and also sim ilar to strains o fUSA, and the geneticre lationsh ip w ith stra in o f China w as very low.
2007, 20(2): 287-291.
Abstract:
The new emerging stems and buds of pop lar 110 ( Populus deltoids ×P. m ax im ow iczii cv‘Eridano’)were used as exp lants and incubated onMSmedia supp lemented with various hormone combinations. Once the successive and rooting p lants were obtained through selection of culturalmedium formula, leaves and internodals wereexcised from tubed-culture p lanlets and induced to form regenerated p lants. The result showedMS + 62BA 0. 5 mg·L-1 +NAA 0. 1 mg·L-1 + TDZ 0. 02 mg·L-1 was beneficial for leaves to inducing adventitious buds; The propermedium for using internodals as exp lantswasMS + 6-BA 0. 3 mg·L-1 +NAA 0. 05 mg·L-1 + TDZ 0. 02 mg·L-1 ;while the medium ofMS + 62BA 0. 3 mg·L-1 +NAA 0. 1 mg·L-1 was p roper to culturing the stronger tubedp lanlets. The op timum medium for p roducing rootswas 1 /2MS + IBA 0. 5 mg·L-1. The effect of different incisingmode and growth state of leaves and internodals on inducing adventitiouswas discussed. In vitro vegetative p ropagation and p lant rootingwere op timized to establish the high2efficient tissue culture rep roduction system of pop lar 110,which make it possible for tree breeding and genetic transformation of this species.
The new emerging stems and buds of pop lar 110 ( Populus deltoids ×P. m ax im ow iczii cv‘Eridano’)were used as exp lants and incubated onMSmedia supp lemented with various hormone combinations. Once the successive and rooting p lants were obtained through selection of culturalmedium formula, leaves and internodals wereexcised from tubed-culture p lanlets and induced to form regenerated p lants. The result showedMS + 62BA 0. 5 mg·L-1 +NAA 0. 1 mg·L-1 + TDZ 0. 02 mg·L-1 was beneficial for leaves to inducing adventitious buds; The propermedium for using internodals as exp lantswasMS + 6-BA 0. 3 mg·L-1 +NAA 0. 05 mg·L-1 + TDZ 0. 02 mg·L-1 ;while the medium ofMS + 62BA 0. 3 mg·L-1 +NAA 0. 1 mg·L-1 was p roper to culturing the stronger tubedp lanlets. The op timum medium for p roducing rootswas 1 /2MS + IBA 0. 5 mg·L-1. The effect of different incisingmode and growth state of leaves and internodals on inducing adventitiouswas discussed. In vitro vegetative p ropagation and p lant rootingwere op timized to establish the high2efficient tissue culture rep roduction system of pop lar 110,which make it possible for tree breeding and genetic transformation of this species.
2007, 20(2): 292-295.
Abstract:
The paper exp lored the possibility of hairy root occurrence of peony induced by Agrobactrium rhizogenes.It showed that R1000 had the highest hairy root inducement with a hairy root rate of 35% , whereas strains A4,MSU-2 andMT232 had little difference in hairy root occurrence. Infect conditions had great influence on hairy rootinducement, and the better ones are: acetosyringone concentration, 30 mg·L-1 ; infection time, 15 minutes; andculturing conditions of strains, temperature 28 ℃, 28 hours shaking culture under dark environment with shaking.Pre2experiment on tissue culture system of peonywas conducted, and got bettermedium composition as: WP + 6-BA0. 5 mg·L-1 + IBA 0. 1 mg·L-1 + GA3 0. 5 mg·L-1 for base buds, andMS + 6-BA 2. 0 mg·L-1 + IBA 0. 1mg·L-1 + GA3 0. 5 mg·L-1 for stem segments.
The paper exp lored the possibility of hairy root occurrence of peony induced by Agrobactrium rhizogenes.It showed that R1000 had the highest hairy root inducement with a hairy root rate of 35% , whereas strains A4,MSU-2 andMT232 had little difference in hairy root occurrence. Infect conditions had great influence on hairy rootinducement, and the better ones are: acetosyringone concentration, 30 mg·L-1 ; infection time, 15 minutes; andculturing conditions of strains, temperature 28 ℃, 28 hours shaking culture under dark environment with shaking.Pre2experiment on tissue culture system of peonywas conducted, and got bettermedium composition as: WP + 6-BA0. 5 mg·L-1 + IBA 0. 1 mg·L-1 + GA3 0. 5 mg·L-1 for base buds, andMS + 6-BA 2. 0 mg·L-1 + IBA 0. 1mg·L-1 + GA3 0. 5 mg·L-1 for stem segments.
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