2008 Vol. 21, No. 4
Display Method:
2008, 21(4): 429-435.
[Abstract]
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Abstract:
Forestry division has been discussed rarely since 1995 in China. The growing interest in forestry p rovidesan opportunity to imp rove the research tools and app roaches that can help achieve a broad understanding of forestrydivision. Based on the research in Yongpan, Fujian Province of China, a framework thatmay be useful in correlativeforestry division studywas put forward: (1) The factor-system of Yongpan forestry division was established; (2) Thefactorswere extracted with the spatial analysis; (3) The forestry division method of integrated modeling at countylevel based on GIS was p rocessed. The method was taken through Principal Components Analysis, building theintegrated model, Discriminate Analysis, seeking the ideal number of divisions and eliminating the scrappypolygons. The outcome showed that the method based on GIS with integrated modeling can reflect the p resentsituation of the forestry development. The relative dominant subdivisions were distinguished reasonably, and aspecific direction in forestry developmentwas given. According to the statistics of the subdivisionspstate, the relativedominant subdivisions were showed obviously.
Forestry division has been discussed rarely since 1995 in China. The growing interest in forestry p rovidesan opportunity to imp rove the research tools and app roaches that can help achieve a broad understanding of forestrydivision. Based on the research in Yongpan, Fujian Province of China, a framework thatmay be useful in correlativeforestry division studywas put forward: (1) The factor-system of Yongpan forestry division was established; (2) Thefactorswere extracted with the spatial analysis; (3) The forestry division method of integrated modeling at countylevel based on GIS was p rocessed. The method was taken through Principal Components Analysis, building theintegrated model, Discriminate Analysis, seeking the ideal number of divisions and eliminating the scrappypolygons. The outcome showed that the method based on GIS with integrated modeling can reflect the p resentsituation of the forestry development. The relative dominant subdivisions were distinguished reasonably, and aspecific direction in forestry developmentwas given. According to the statistics of the subdivisionspstate, the relativedominant subdivisions were showed obviously.
2008, 21(4): 436-445.
Abstract:
Transp iration of twenty-nine potted afforestation species for vegetation restoration in the dry-hot valleys ofthe J insha Riverwas studied under different drought stressweight on typ ical sunny day. Five main conclusionsweregotten as follows: (1) The transp iring water consump tion of different seedlings in the day time p resented a sustaineddescent with the drought stress, the descending extent of different seedlingswas obviously different. The seedlings,with the strong water consump tion, were more easy and quick to suffer from drought stress. ( 2 ) After six-day’sdrought treatment, the p ractical water consump tion of Acacia m earnsii, Leucaena leucocephala cv. Salvador,Carallia longipes, Euca lyptus globu lus descended the most, being 85. 78%～93. 11%; Sch leichera oleosa, B om baxm alabaricum, Tephrosia candida, A lbizia kalkora, Pinus yunnanensis descended the least, being only6. 37%～17. 42%. The classified result by the descended extent of water consump tion was identical to thecomparison result of slope k. ( 3) The transp iring water consump tion of seedlings in the first day determined thedynamic variation of water losing. With the sustaining of drought stress, the p roportion ofwater consump tion in the night to water consump tion in the whole day gradually increased. ( 4) When the seedlings suffered serious droughtstress inMarch, the descending p roportion order of transp iring from water consump tion of twenty-five species wasidentical to the size orderwhile suffering from middle2class drought stress. (5) According to the quantitative formulabetween transp iring water consump tion rate of seedlings in the day time, systematically classified method could beused to divide twenty-nine tree species into four classifications including high transp iring water consump tion, subhigh transp iring water consump tion, sub-low transp iring water consump tion and low transp iring water consump tion.
Transp iration of twenty-nine potted afforestation species for vegetation restoration in the dry-hot valleys ofthe J insha Riverwas studied under different drought stressweight on typ ical sunny day. Five main conclusionsweregotten as follows: (1) The transp iring water consump tion of different seedlings in the day time p resented a sustaineddescent with the drought stress, the descending extent of different seedlingswas obviously different. The seedlings,with the strong water consump tion, were more easy and quick to suffer from drought stress. ( 2 ) After six-day’sdrought treatment, the p ractical water consump tion of Acacia m earnsii, Leucaena leucocephala cv. Salvador,Carallia longipes, Euca lyptus globu lus descended the most, being 85. 78%～93. 11%; Sch leichera oleosa, B om baxm alabaricum, Tephrosia candida, A lbizia kalkora, Pinus yunnanensis descended the least, being only6. 37%～17. 42%. The classified result by the descended extent of water consump tion was identical to thecomparison result of slope k. ( 3) The transp iring water consump tion of seedlings in the first day determined thedynamic variation of water losing. With the sustaining of drought stress, the p roportion ofwater consump tion in the night to water consump tion in the whole day gradually increased. ( 4) When the seedlings suffered serious droughtstress inMarch, the descending p roportion order of transp iring from water consump tion of twenty-five species wasidentical to the size orderwhile suffering from middle2class drought stress. (5) According to the quantitative formulabetween transp iring water consump tion rate of seedlings in the day time, systematically classified method could beused to divide twenty-nine tree species into four classifications including high transp iring water consump tion, subhigh transp iring water consump tion, sub-low transp iring water consump tion and low transp iring water consump tion.
2008, 21(4): 446-450.
Abstract:
The cluster analysismethod of karyotype resemblance2near coefficient was used to study the relationshipand evolution of seven species in the genus Kerria. The results showed that K. ru ralis and K. yunnanensis had theclosest relationship with the nearest homology in karyotype. The value ofλ between K. sindica and K. lacca was0. 953 3 and the two species form a sister group, indicating a close relationship. K. pusana and K. nepalensis alsoformed a sister branch with the value ofλ 0. 944 1. The karyotype of K. chinensis ismuch different from the othersix species and formed an isolated branch. On the evolution trend of karyotype, K. pusana and K. nepalensis werethe earliest diverging members and they were the p rimitive species in the group as the value ofλ between the twospecies and the otherswas no more than 0. 762 6. K. sind ica and K. lacca also belonged to p rior species as theydiverged earlier than K. chinensis. On the contrary, K. ru ralis and K. yunnanensis had the highest identity inkaryotype and nearest distance in evolution, which showed they were the latest species of the seven-group. K.chinensis belonged to more advanced category. The evolution trend of chromosomes was app roximately along thedirection from asymmetry to symmetry.
The cluster analysismethod of karyotype resemblance2near coefficient was used to study the relationshipand evolution of seven species in the genus Kerria. The results showed that K. ru ralis and K. yunnanensis had theclosest relationship with the nearest homology in karyotype. The value ofλ between K. sindica and K. lacca was0. 953 3 and the two species form a sister group, indicating a close relationship. K. pusana and K. nepalensis alsoformed a sister branch with the value ofλ 0. 944 1. The karyotype of K. chinensis ismuch different from the othersix species and formed an isolated branch. On the evolution trend of karyotype, K. pusana and K. nepalensis werethe earliest diverging members and they were the p rimitive species in the group as the value ofλ between the twospecies and the otherswas no more than 0. 762 6. K. sind ica and K. lacca also belonged to p rior species as theydiverged earlier than K. chinensis. On the contrary, K. ru ralis and K. yunnanensis had the highest identity inkaryotype and nearest distance in evolution, which showed they were the latest species of the seven-group. K.chinensis belonged to more advanced category. The evolution trend of chromosomes was app roximately along thedirection from asymmetry to symmetry.
Application of PCR Method for Detecting of the EoNPV in Ectropis oblique and Its Biological Activity
2008, 21(4): 451-455.
Abstract:
The polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) method for detecting Ectropis obliqua multip le nuclear polyhedrosisviruswas established with self2designed p rimers according to the sequence of polyhedron gene of EoNPV, andEoNPV could be detected from the offsp ring, the data showed that the method would allow the detection of about 1fg, thismethod could be used to identify EoNPV in field p ractices. The method was simp le with good rep roducibilityand selectivity, and high sensitivity, so deserves to be popularized. An infectivity test of EoNPV against the secondinstar larvae of Ectropis oblique was carried out in our laboratory, and LC50 of EoNPV was determined as 2. 2 ×104P IB·mL -1 , the larva was very sensitive to EoNPV, and it had a higher death rate with higher EoNPVconcentration, and the death time p resented positive correlation with the concentration of EoNPV.
The polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) method for detecting Ectropis obliqua multip le nuclear polyhedrosisviruswas established with self2designed p rimers according to the sequence of polyhedron gene of EoNPV, andEoNPV could be detected from the offsp ring, the data showed that the method would allow the detection of about 1fg, thismethod could be used to identify EoNPV in field p ractices. The method was simp le with good rep roducibilityand selectivity, and high sensitivity, so deserves to be popularized. An infectivity test of EoNPV against the secondinstar larvae of Ectropis oblique was carried out in our laboratory, and LC50 of EoNPV was determined as 2. 2 ×104P IB·mL -1 , the larva was very sensitive to EoNPV, and it had a higher death rate with higher EoNPVconcentration, and the death time p resented positive correlation with the concentration of EoNPV.
2008, 21(4): 456-463.
Abstract:
Observations through scanning electron microscope showed that the pollen of 9 p ine species and 3 varietiesincluding masson p ine were consist of a main body and two air-sacs. The air-sac was the basic morphologicalcharacteristic of these pollen. The air-sac had net-like texture and the exine of proximal face of pollen had uniquesculp tural texture. The pollen of different species and varietieswere different in sizes: the longestwas 54. 3μm and41. 5μm as the shortest in average. As to individual pollen grains, the longestwas 67μm and the shortest 35μm.The size and sculp tural texture was stable, which could be used to identify the pollen of different species.
Observations through scanning electron microscope showed that the pollen of 9 p ine species and 3 varietiesincluding masson p ine were consist of a main body and two air-sacs. The air-sac was the basic morphologicalcharacteristic of these pollen. The air-sac had net-like texture and the exine of proximal face of pollen had uniquesculp tural texture. The pollen of different species and varietieswere different in sizes: the longestwas 54. 3μm and41. 5μm as the shortest in average. As to individual pollen grains, the longestwas 67μm and the shortest 35μm.The size and sculp tural texture was stable, which could be used to identify the pollen of different species.
2008, 21(4): 464-468.
Abstract:
In order to cultivate large-diameter Eucalyptus grandis ×E. urophylla timber, a twice-thinning trial wasconducted on 10-year-old E. grandis ×E. urophylla stand with the initial density of 1 650 trees per hectare. The firstthinning was conducted 3 years after afforestation, and the second thinning conducted 3 years after the first thinning.Three thinning intensities ( 2 /3, 1 /2, and 1 /3 ) and a control ( no thinning) were arranged. The randomized blockexperimental design was adop ted to study the effects of different thining intensities on the DBN, tree height,individual volume, stand volume and economic benefits of E. g randis ×E. urophy lla. The results showed that themean DBN, individual volume, stand volume and economic benefits of the stand with 645 trees reserved per hectareafter the second thinningwere 23. 6 cm, 0. 552 5 m3 , 356. 379 m3 ·hm-2 , and 293 385 RBM yuan,which increasedby 21. 2% , 54. 2%, 5. 2% and 28. 4% compared with the control respectively, and better than the other thinningtreatments. It also showed that the op timal thinning intensity was 1 /3. The large-diameter E. g randis ×E. urophyllastand with the reserved density of 645 trees per hectare could maximize the DBH, individual volume, stand volumeand economic benefits of E. grandis ×E. urophylla stand.
In order to cultivate large-diameter Eucalyptus grandis ×E. urophylla timber, a twice-thinning trial wasconducted on 10-year-old E. grandis ×E. urophylla stand with the initial density of 1 650 trees per hectare. The firstthinning was conducted 3 years after afforestation, and the second thinning conducted 3 years after the first thinning.Three thinning intensities ( 2 /3, 1 /2, and 1 /3 ) and a control ( no thinning) were arranged. The randomized blockexperimental design was adop ted to study the effects of different thining intensities on the DBN, tree height,individual volume, stand volume and economic benefits of E. g randis ×E. urophy lla. The results showed that themean DBN, individual volume, stand volume and economic benefits of the stand with 645 trees reserved per hectareafter the second thinningwere 23. 6 cm, 0. 552 5 m3 , 356. 379 m3 ·hm-2 , and 293 385 RBM yuan,which increasedby 21. 2% , 54. 2%, 5. 2% and 28. 4% compared with the control respectively, and better than the other thinningtreatments. It also showed that the op timal thinning intensity was 1 /3. The large-diameter E. g randis ×E. urophyllastand with the reserved density of 645 trees per hectare could maximize the DBH, individual volume, stand volumeand economic benefits of E. grandis ×E. urophylla stand.
2008, 21(4): 469-474.
Abstract:
The horizontal zonal pattern of Theaceae p lant species richness in Guangdong Province and its relation to theenvironmental factorswere studied. Both data of species distribution and environmental factors were tabulated basedon a digitized map of Guangdong Province gridded at 0. 5°latitude ×0. 5°longitude. Grid2based richnesswasmappedusingDMAP, a distributionmapp ing p rogram, and horizontal patternswere assessed using F tests. The richness centerof the Theaceae p lant species under study is located in themountainous area of north Guangdong (22. 5°N, and 112～115°E). These p lants species exhibited significant longitudinal difference (P =0. 001 2) , and latitudinal variation (P=0. 004 9). Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed the distribution of p lant species could be exp lainedby caloric factors and moisture factors, andMAMI (mean annualminimum temperature) was the key factor determi2ning the distribution pattern of Theaceae p lant species richness in the study area.
The horizontal zonal pattern of Theaceae p lant species richness in Guangdong Province and its relation to theenvironmental factorswere studied. Both data of species distribution and environmental factors were tabulated basedon a digitized map of Guangdong Province gridded at 0. 5°latitude ×0. 5°longitude. Grid2based richnesswasmappedusingDMAP, a distributionmapp ing p rogram, and horizontal patternswere assessed using F tests. The richness centerof the Theaceae p lant species under study is located in themountainous area of north Guangdong (22. 5°N, and 112～115°E). These p lants species exhibited significant longitudinal difference (P =0. 001 2) , and latitudinal variation (P=0. 004 9). Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed the distribution of p lant species could be exp lainedby caloric factors and moisture factors, andMAMI (mean annualminimum temperature) was the key factor determi2ning the distribution pattern of Theaceae p lant species richness in the study area.
2008, 21(4): 475-480.
Abstract:
The transp iration variation and relationship between supp ly and demand of water for the Eucomm iaulm oides p lantations in the rocky mountainous area of North China were analyzed based on the experimental data oftree sap flow, canopy, micrometeorological factors and rainfall. The trees were 10 years old. The experiment wasconducted in Ap ril2Sep tember of 2005 and 2006. The aim of this study is to p rovide the essential evidence aboutwater ecology for develop ing E. u lm oide p lantations in the area. The main results are as follows: ( 1) The diurnalvariations of E. ulm oide p lantations transp iration ( TR ) were demonstrated as a single-peak curve in clear day. Incloudy day, itwas demonstrated as a multi-peak curve. In overcast and rain day, it was demonstrated as a multipeak curve and much less than that in clear or cloudy day. The daily variations of transp iration ( TR ) wascharacterized with that TR rosed gradually in Ap ril, and reached a peak in June, fell down readily in July. In 2005 and 2006, the total TRs ( ToTR )were 268. 5mm, 212. 0 mm in the main season (Ap ril2Sep tember) , respectively. InAp r, May, Jun, Jul, Aug and Sep, the ratio of the monthly TR to ToTR were 12. 3% , 20. 4% , 20. 2% , 18. 2% ,15. 9% and 13. 0% in 2005, 10. 6%, 21. 7% , 23. 3% , 17. 4% , 14. 6% and 12. 4% in 2006. (2) In allmonthsduring the main growth season of 2005 and 2006 , TR showed significantly compound correlated with the solarradiation (Ra) , air temperature, humidity, and wind speed over the canopy (α = 0. 01) , and Ra was the mostimportantmicro2meteorological factor effecting on TR through comparing the partial coefficient; (3) In terms of thewhole growth season, the ratio of rainfall to transp iration ( P / TR ) was higher than 1. 0 excep t in Ap ril. So, therewas no water supp ly and demand conflict, or water shortage and water stress as for the main growth season in theexperiment area.
The transp iration variation and relationship between supp ly and demand of water for the Eucomm iaulm oides p lantations in the rocky mountainous area of North China were analyzed based on the experimental data oftree sap flow, canopy, micrometeorological factors and rainfall. The trees were 10 years old. The experiment wasconducted in Ap ril2Sep tember of 2005 and 2006. The aim of this study is to p rovide the essential evidence aboutwater ecology for develop ing E. u lm oide p lantations in the area. The main results are as follows: ( 1) The diurnalvariations of E. ulm oide p lantations transp iration ( TR ) were demonstrated as a single-peak curve in clear day. Incloudy day, itwas demonstrated as a multi-peak curve. In overcast and rain day, it was demonstrated as a multipeak curve and much less than that in clear or cloudy day. The daily variations of transp iration ( TR ) wascharacterized with that TR rosed gradually in Ap ril, and reached a peak in June, fell down readily in July. In 2005 and 2006, the total TRs ( ToTR )were 268. 5mm, 212. 0 mm in the main season (Ap ril2Sep tember) , respectively. InAp r, May, Jun, Jul, Aug and Sep, the ratio of the monthly TR to ToTR were 12. 3% , 20. 4% , 20. 2% , 18. 2% ,15. 9% and 13. 0% in 2005, 10. 6%, 21. 7% , 23. 3% , 17. 4% , 14. 6% and 12. 4% in 2006. (2) In allmonthsduring the main growth season of 2005 and 2006 , TR showed significantly compound correlated with the solarradiation (Ra) , air temperature, humidity, and wind speed over the canopy (α = 0. 01) , and Ra was the mostimportantmicro2meteorological factor effecting on TR through comparing the partial coefficient; (3) In terms of thewhole growth season, the ratio of rainfall to transp iration ( P / TR ) was higher than 1. 0 excep t in Ap ril. So, therewas no water supp ly and demand conflict, or water shortage and water stress as for the main growth season in theexperiment area.
2008, 21(4): 481-485.
Abstract:
Through seeding test on field condition under different of altitude,lighting,seedbed type and soil thickness,as well as seed germination and seedling survival being compared among provenances,the adaptability of Abies chensiensis seed and seedling were studied in natural environment.The results showed that in natural environment the seed germination rate of A.chensiensis was only 17.7%,which was less than half of its germination rate(36%) in laboratory.Altitude,lighting,seedbed type,soil thickness and seed provenances all had various effects on seed germination,seedling survival and growth of A.chensiensis.In practice,the rejuvenation of A.chenesiensis should follow the principle of favored tree species for suitable sites and optimal provenances be used.
Through seeding test on field condition under different of altitude,lighting,seedbed type and soil thickness,as well as seed germination and seedling survival being compared among provenances,the adaptability of Abies chensiensis seed and seedling were studied in natural environment.The results showed that in natural environment the seed germination rate of A.chensiensis was only 17.7%,which was less than half of its germination rate(36%) in laboratory.Altitude,lighting,seedbed type,soil thickness and seed provenances all had various effects on seed germination,seedling survival and growth of A.chensiensis.In practice,the rejuvenation of A.chenesiensis should follow the principle of favored tree species for suitable sites and optimal provenances be used.
2008, 21(4): 493-499.
Abstract:
The chromosomes of 7 insect cell lines from Lepidoptera were analysed.The results showed that the favorable treated concentration and time of colchicines solution and hypotonic KCl solution for each cell line,and the chromosomes of the 7 Lepidoptera cells displayed the typical karyotype characteristics of Lepidoptera cell lines:these cells had a great variation in chromosome number,and had deeply heteroploid,chromosomes with diffuse centeromeres were short pole-like,pellet-like and sphere-like.
The chromosomes of 7 insect cell lines from Lepidoptera were analysed.The results showed that the favorable treated concentration and time of colchicines solution and hypotonic KCl solution for each cell line,and the chromosomes of the 7 Lepidoptera cells displayed the typical karyotype characteristics of Lepidoptera cell lines:these cells had a great variation in chromosome number,and had deeply heteroploid,chromosomes with diffuse centeromeres were short pole-like,pellet-like and sphere-like.
2008, 21(4): 496-492.
Abstract:
Growth and photosynthetic properties of Sonnerratia apetala seedlings were studied under different light intensity environments according to light intensity of Sonnerratia apetala in field.The results indicated that with the light intensity lessening,the trend of growth and photosynthetic properties of Sonnerratia apetala seedlings decreased.The difference of different treatments was significant.When the light intensity was 80% and 40% of full light,the growth of seedlings became worse,they grow worse than that of full light.The weak light environment was beneficial to stem height,leaf area and ratio of length to width of lamina only in initial shading stage(2 to 4 months),but with the shading time prolonging,the growth of seedlings appeared to the trend of decline.The growth of seedlings were restricted seriously in initial shading stage when the light intensity was 20%.The death rate of seedlings of Sa80,Sa40 and Sa20 in shading treatment 180 days were 42%,70% and 100%,respectively.Biomass of root,stem and leaf were decreased by about 90%,80% and 91% in weak light intensity environment.With the light intensity lessening,the trends of physiology parameters such as chlorophyll contents,net photosynthetic rate decreased,the difference among them was significant.Therefore,weak light intensity environment was the main reason for lower growth rate,lower photosynthetic rate and higher death rate of Sonnerratia apetala seedlings.In addition,the natural regeneration and diffusion and the artificial forestation technique of Sonnerratia apetala seedlings were discussed.
Growth and photosynthetic properties of Sonnerratia apetala seedlings were studied under different light intensity environments according to light intensity of Sonnerratia apetala in field.The results indicated that with the light intensity lessening,the trend of growth and photosynthetic properties of Sonnerratia apetala seedlings decreased.The difference of different treatments was significant.When the light intensity was 80% and 40% of full light,the growth of seedlings became worse,they grow worse than that of full light.The weak light environment was beneficial to stem height,leaf area and ratio of length to width of lamina only in initial shading stage(2 to 4 months),but with the shading time prolonging,the growth of seedlings appeared to the trend of decline.The growth of seedlings were restricted seriously in initial shading stage when the light intensity was 20%.The death rate of seedlings of Sa80,Sa40 and Sa20 in shading treatment 180 days were 42%,70% and 100%,respectively.Biomass of root,stem and leaf were decreased by about 90%,80% and 91% in weak light intensity environment.With the light intensity lessening,the trends of physiology parameters such as chlorophyll contents,net photosynthetic rate decreased,the difference among them was significant.Therefore,weak light intensity environment was the main reason for lower growth rate,lower photosynthetic rate and higher death rate of Sonnerratia apetala seedlings.In addition,the natural regeneration and diffusion and the artificial forestation technique of Sonnerratia apetala seedlings were discussed.
2008, 21(4): 500-505.
Abstract:
Decomposition characteristics such as decomposition dynamics, decomposition rate and leaf substrate quality affected by forest age were manipulated by mesh bags in 21-,29-and 36-year-old Pinus tabulaeformis stands in the middle hilly lands of Yingpan,Yanqing Country of Bejing in 2005.The results showed that the minimum discrepancy was in the decomposition dynamics,indicating that the decomposition rate exhibited rapid-slow-rapid trend in all three stands with different ages and the decomposing rate was slower during the period from May to July in 2006 than that in 2005.The decomposition rate of the leaf litter was 26.97%,26.10% and 23.96%,respectively.The half-turnover and turnover among the three stands were 2.21,2.29 and 2.54 years as well as 9.54,9.91 and 10.94 years,respectively.However,the importance of the decomposition rate,half-turnover and turnover in the forests was not significant but at 0.1 level.The N content of the leaf litter was the most affected by age(P=0.004),followed by the crude ash(P=0.028).The contents of cellulose,lignin,coarse fat and coarse protein were not significant at the 0.1 level.Although the ratios of both C/N and lignin/N in the leaf litter were affected by forest age markedly,the relation coefficients of the both ratio and decomposition rate were-0.333.
Decomposition characteristics such as decomposition dynamics, decomposition rate and leaf substrate quality affected by forest age were manipulated by mesh bags in 21-,29-and 36-year-old Pinus tabulaeformis stands in the middle hilly lands of Yingpan,Yanqing Country of Bejing in 2005.The results showed that the minimum discrepancy was in the decomposition dynamics,indicating that the decomposition rate exhibited rapid-slow-rapid trend in all three stands with different ages and the decomposing rate was slower during the period from May to July in 2006 than that in 2005.The decomposition rate of the leaf litter was 26.97%,26.10% and 23.96%,respectively.The half-turnover and turnover among the three stands were 2.21,2.29 and 2.54 years as well as 9.54,9.91 and 10.94 years,respectively.However,the importance of the decomposition rate,half-turnover and turnover in the forests was not significant but at 0.1 level.The N content of the leaf litter was the most affected by age(P=0.004),followed by the crude ash(P=0.028).The contents of cellulose,lignin,coarse fat and coarse protein were not significant at the 0.1 level.Although the ratios of both C/N and lignin/N in the leaf litter were affected by forest age markedly,the relation coefficients of the both ratio and decomposition rate were-0.333.
2008, 21(4): 506-509.
Abstract:
Due to the low temperature of the extreme freezing rain and snow weather,the young forests(aged 1 to 3 years) and the seedlings of the physic nut were seriously damaged by the disaster.It was showed by investigation that the injury ratio for the young forest and the seedlings at the altitude of >600 m was 100%,and all the young forests and the seedling above the altitude of 725 m died.The damage degree of the physics nut on the sunny and semi-sunny slopes was lower than that on shady and semi-shady slopes,and that on the lower and middle parts of the slopes was lower than that on the upper and middle parts of the slopes in the same slope aspect,and the injury degree of the physic nut on the windward was the highest.The average terminal death length of the seedlings in heavy damaged area was 10 to 15 cm,and that on slight damaged area was 0.8 to 4.5 cm.No significant damage was observed for the wild and the semi-wild physic nuts.The reestablishment of the oil-bearing energy forest of the physic nut should be focused on the young forests with injury grade Ⅱand Ⅲ.For the young forests in grade Ⅲ,it is needed to reforest,and for the young forests in grade Ⅱ,it should be managed by artificial pruning,disinfecting,and reinforcement planting,etc.
Due to the low temperature of the extreme freezing rain and snow weather,the young forests(aged 1 to 3 years) and the seedlings of the physic nut were seriously damaged by the disaster.It was showed by investigation that the injury ratio for the young forest and the seedlings at the altitude of >600 m was 100%,and all the young forests and the seedling above the altitude of 725 m died.The damage degree of the physics nut on the sunny and semi-sunny slopes was lower than that on shady and semi-shady slopes,and that on the lower and middle parts of the slopes was lower than that on the upper and middle parts of the slopes in the same slope aspect,and the injury degree of the physic nut on the windward was the highest.The average terminal death length of the seedlings in heavy damaged area was 10 to 15 cm,and that on slight damaged area was 0.8 to 4.5 cm.No significant damage was observed for the wild and the semi-wild physic nuts.The reestablishment of the oil-bearing energy forest of the physic nut should be focused on the young forests with injury grade Ⅱand Ⅲ.For the young forests in grade Ⅲ,it is needed to reforest,and for the young forests in grade Ⅱ,it should be managed by artificial pruning,disinfecting,and reinforcement planting,etc.
2008, 21(4): 510-515.
Abstract:
Plants of Bashania belong to subfamily Bambusoideae,family Poaceae.The types,characteristics and distribution as well as their important economic and ecological values of ten species in genus Bashania discovered in China so far were reported in this paper.Of these,five species are staple food for Giant Pandas.Four species can be used as garden ornamental bamboo and one species is dual-use materials used as both bamboo and shoots.
Plants of Bashania belong to subfamily Bambusoideae,family Poaceae.The types,characteristics and distribution as well as their important economic and ecological values of ten species in genus Bashania discovered in China so far were reported in this paper.Of these,five species are staple food for Giant Pandas.Four species can be used as garden ornamental bamboo and one species is dual-use materials used as both bamboo and shoots.
2008, 21(4): 516-522.
Abstract:
A study was made on the distribution characteristics and biomass of individual tree root system as well as root distribution characteristics of stands in different densities of the narrow-crown clone of black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia cl.Zhaiguan),by using the methods of digging out whole root system of the individual and digging out root pieces in different vertical and horizontal locations in the soil of the stands.The result showed that the root distribution between the individual trees and tree lines extended horizontally to 6.6 m and 5 m respectively;and the taproot vertically extended to 2 m below the ground surface with its lateral roots mainly distributing in the soil from 10 cm to 40 cm below the ground surface.The biomass of whole root system accounted for 16.82% of the biomass of whole individual tree,with the biomass of taproot and lateral root taking about 87.13% and 12.87% of the biomass of whole root system.The total biomass and length of the roots of Zhaiguan clonal stands were 6 160.2-10 940.55 kg·hm-2 and 970.35-1 607.4 km·hm-2 respectively,and showed a positive relation with the stand densities.In vertically,the roots with diameter less than 15 mm mainly distributed in the soil from 0 to 20 cm below the ground surface,while the roots with diameter more than 15 mm mainly distributed in the soil from 20 to 40 cm below the ground surface.In horizontally,the biomass and length of the roots with diameter equal to or more than 5 mm decreased while the biomass and length of the roots with diameter less than 1 mm increase with the increasing of distance from tree stem in the stand.The roots with diameter less than 1 mm mainly distributed horizontally from 0.5 m to 1.5 m away from the tree stem in the soil of the stand.
A study was made on the distribution characteristics and biomass of individual tree root system as well as root distribution characteristics of stands in different densities of the narrow-crown clone of black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia cl.Zhaiguan),by using the methods of digging out whole root system of the individual and digging out root pieces in different vertical and horizontal locations in the soil of the stands.The result showed that the root distribution between the individual trees and tree lines extended horizontally to 6.6 m and 5 m respectively;and the taproot vertically extended to 2 m below the ground surface with its lateral roots mainly distributing in the soil from 10 cm to 40 cm below the ground surface.The biomass of whole root system accounted for 16.82% of the biomass of whole individual tree,with the biomass of taproot and lateral root taking about 87.13% and 12.87% of the biomass of whole root system.The total biomass and length of the roots of Zhaiguan clonal stands were 6 160.2-10 940.55 kg·hm-2 and 970.35-1 607.4 km·hm-2 respectively,and showed a positive relation with the stand densities.In vertically,the roots with diameter less than 15 mm mainly distributed in the soil from 0 to 20 cm below the ground surface,while the roots with diameter more than 15 mm mainly distributed in the soil from 20 to 40 cm below the ground surface.In horizontally,the biomass and length of the roots with diameter equal to or more than 5 mm decreased while the biomass and length of the roots with diameter less than 1 mm increase with the increasing of distance from tree stem in the stand.The roots with diameter less than 1 mm mainly distributed horizontally from 0.5 m to 1.5 m away from the tree stem in the soil of the stand.
2008, 21(4): 523-527.
Abstract:
The relation between microbial amount of mangrove soil and main soil chemical factors,and the distributing of phosphate-solubilizing microbe from mangrove rhizosphere in Shenzhen,Longhai and Haikou were studied.The results indicated that the amount of soil bacteria accounted for the majority of the total amount of soil microbes,while the amounts of soil actinomyces and filamentous fungi were in the minority.The total quantity of microbes,bacteria,actinomyces and filamentous fungi from Shenzhen mangrove soil were more than that on the other two places,while the quantity of filamentous fungi were greater than that on the other two places(P<0.05).The total microbe and the quantity of bacteria showed an extremly remarkable positive correlation with soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus(P<0.01),and the quantity of fungi was also remarkable positive correlated with soil total phosphorus(P<0.05).The multiple regression analysis indicated that total nitrogen played an important role of the quantity of total microbe and bacteria,and the total phosphorus played an important role of the quantity of actinomyces and fungi.31 phosphate-solubilizing microbe were selected from different part of mangrove rhizophere,in which bacteria were in the majority.The quantity of phosphate-solubilizing microbe in soil was more than that of the other two parts of mangrove rhizosphere.
The relation between microbial amount of mangrove soil and main soil chemical factors,and the distributing of phosphate-solubilizing microbe from mangrove rhizosphere in Shenzhen,Longhai and Haikou were studied.The results indicated that the amount of soil bacteria accounted for the majority of the total amount of soil microbes,while the amounts of soil actinomyces and filamentous fungi were in the minority.The total quantity of microbes,bacteria,actinomyces and filamentous fungi from Shenzhen mangrove soil were more than that on the other two places,while the quantity of filamentous fungi were greater than that on the other two places(P<0.05).The total microbe and the quantity of bacteria showed an extremly remarkable positive correlation with soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus(P<0.01),and the quantity of fungi was also remarkable positive correlated with soil total phosphorus(P<0.05).The multiple regression analysis indicated that total nitrogen played an important role of the quantity of total microbe and bacteria,and the total phosphorus played an important role of the quantity of actinomyces and fungi.31 phosphate-solubilizing microbe were selected from different part of mangrove rhizophere,in which bacteria were in the majority.The quantity of phosphate-solubilizing microbe in soil was more than that of the other two parts of mangrove rhizosphere.
2008, 21(4): 528-533.
Abstract:
In this research,the agricultural and forestry wastes were used to make light cultural media for Eucalyptus cuttings propagation. The light media mainly made from bagasse,coir,rice hull were tested.5 indexes including survival numbers,rooting number,fiber root,longest root,total root length were measured while different media were used.2 best formula of medium were recommended in Eucalyptus cuttings production: Formula 1,bagasse∶coir∶rice hull∶bagasse ashes =1∶2∶1∶0(by volumn),Formula 2,bagasse∶coir∶rice hull∶bagasse ashes =1∶2∶0∶0.
In this research,the agricultural and forestry wastes were used to make light cultural media for Eucalyptus cuttings propagation. The light media mainly made from bagasse,coir,rice hull were tested.5 indexes including survival numbers,rooting number,fiber root,longest root,total root length were measured while different media were used.2 best formula of medium were recommended in Eucalyptus cuttings production: Formula 1,bagasse∶coir∶rice hull∶bagasse ashes =1∶2∶1∶0(by volumn),Formula 2,bagasse∶coir∶rice hull∶bagasse ashes =1∶2∶0∶0.
2008, 21(4): 534-541.
Abstract:
The dynamic characteristics of net photosynthetic rate(Pn) and theirs difference among four varieties of Alnus crematogyne,namely,J5,J10,H1,H12,were conducted.The results were as follows:(1)The diurnal variation of Pn of these four varieties was generally classified as single-peak curve or double-peak one;and Pn of H12 and J10 was higher than that of H1 and J5 at the same time.(2)During the whole growing season,the monthly maximum value and average value of Pn of the diurnal variation of the upper crown were higher than that of the lower one.Despite of the leaf position,the two photosynthetic eigenvalue described above of H12 and J10 were obviously higher than that of H1 and J5,respectively.H12 and J10 had extremely growth significant,so they should be selected when cultivation;(3)Analysis of variance showed that Pn among different varieties,different position and different months reached highly significant difference.The Pn of J10 and H12 were remarkably higher than that of J5 and H1,and the upper crown was higher than lower crown too;and the maximum value monthly of Pn showed in June,while the minimum in Octomber;and as far as the contribution ratio of Pn was concerned,the upper crown was in the highest flight.
The dynamic characteristics of net photosynthetic rate(Pn) and theirs difference among four varieties of Alnus crematogyne,namely,J5,J10,H1,H12,were conducted.The results were as follows:(1)The diurnal variation of Pn of these four varieties was generally classified as single-peak curve or double-peak one;and Pn of H12 and J10 was higher than that of H1 and J5 at the same time.(2)During the whole growing season,the monthly maximum value and average value of Pn of the diurnal variation of the upper crown were higher than that of the lower one.Despite of the leaf position,the two photosynthetic eigenvalue described above of H12 and J10 were obviously higher than that of H1 and J5,respectively.H12 and J10 had extremely growth significant,so they should be selected when cultivation;(3)Analysis of variance showed that Pn among different varieties,different position and different months reached highly significant difference.The Pn of J10 and H12 were remarkably higher than that of J5 and H1,and the upper crown was higher than lower crown too;and the maximum value monthly of Pn showed in June,while the minimum in Octomber;and as far as the contribution ratio of Pn was concerned,the upper crown was in the highest flight.
2008, 21(4): 542-547.
Abstract:
By the methods of sampling typical plots and allometric dimension analysis,the underground and aboveground biomass and net primary productivity(NPP) of Populus×euramericana cv.San Martino'(I-72/58) plantation with different densities were measured on the beach land of Yangtze River in Anqing City,Anhui Province.The results showed that the biomass of the stand increased from 102.40 t·hm-2to 147.2 t·hm-2,the productivity increased from 7.31 t·hm-2·a-1 to 10.52 t·hm-2·a-1with the trees number increased from 250 to 370 per hectare.Aboveground and underground biomass accounted for 90% and 10% of the total biomass.In aboveground biomass, the stem,branch,bark and leaf account for 54%,28%,7% and 1%,respectively.The diameter class distribution of biomass and tree' numbers both took on irregular undee curve in plantations with four different densities;at the same time,the more the portion of high diameter class,the more the biomass of the Populus×euramericana cv.'San Martino(I-72/58)'forest in a plantation with same density.
By the methods of sampling typical plots and allometric dimension analysis,the underground and aboveground biomass and net primary productivity(NPP) of Populus×euramericana cv.San Martino'(I-72/58) plantation with different densities were measured on the beach land of Yangtze River in Anqing City,Anhui Province.The results showed that the biomass of the stand increased from 102.40 t·hm-2to 147.2 t·hm-2,the productivity increased from 7.31 t·hm-2·a-1 to 10.52 t·hm-2·a-1with the trees number increased from 250 to 370 per hectare.Aboveground and underground biomass accounted for 90% and 10% of the total biomass.In aboveground biomass, the stem,branch,bark and leaf account for 54%,28%,7% and 1%,respectively.The diameter class distribution of biomass and tree' numbers both took on irregular undee curve in plantations with four different densities;at the same time,the more the portion of high diameter class,the more the biomass of the Populus×euramericana cv.'San Martino(I-72/58)'forest in a plantation with same density.
2008, 21(4): 548-554.
Abstract:
In this study,the wood-rotting fungi were chosen to evaluate their relation with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus(PWN),the ability to decompose the wood specimens of Pinus massoniana and the stumps of dead pine trees caused by PWN.the results showed that all the wood-rotting fungi tested had certain nematicidal effects on PWN except Schizophyllum commune.Among the wood-rotting fungi,PWN could not survive on the strains of W10,W11(Fomitopsis pinicola),5452,6600(Laetiporus sulphureus),6221(Pleurotus ostreatus),6320(Tremellodon gelatinosum),6284(Poria cocos),6501(Ganoderma lucidum) absolutely.The results of the experiment indicated that the strains of W10,W11(Fomitopsis pinicola),6600(Laetiporus sulphureus),6923(Coriolus versicolor) and 6284(Poria cocos) had higher ability to decompose Pinus massoniana specimens.After inoculating the strains of 6600,6923,W11,6284,6221 to treat stumps for 70 d.The strains of 6600 and 6923 showed higher ability to decompose the stumps.The strains could be used to treat stumps of dead wood caused by PWN in the future.
In this study,the wood-rotting fungi were chosen to evaluate their relation with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus(PWN),the ability to decompose the wood specimens of Pinus massoniana and the stumps of dead pine trees caused by PWN.the results showed that all the wood-rotting fungi tested had certain nematicidal effects on PWN except Schizophyllum commune.Among the wood-rotting fungi,PWN could not survive on the strains of W10,W11(Fomitopsis pinicola),5452,6600(Laetiporus sulphureus),6221(Pleurotus ostreatus),6320(Tremellodon gelatinosum),6284(Poria cocos),6501(Ganoderma lucidum) absolutely.The results of the experiment indicated that the strains of W10,W11(Fomitopsis pinicola),6600(Laetiporus sulphureus),6923(Coriolus versicolor) and 6284(Poria cocos) had higher ability to decompose Pinus massoniana specimens.After inoculating the strains of 6600,6923,W11,6284,6221 to treat stumps for 70 d.The strains of 6600 and 6923 showed higher ability to decompose the stumps.The strains could be used to treat stumps of dead wood caused by PWN in the future.
2008, 21(4): 555-560.
Abstract:
The phenotypic variations of Malus hupehensis between Mountain Taishan and Mountain Mengshan in Shandong Province were studied by analyzing floral and fruit traits,based on detailed investigation.The results showed that,the differentiation of floral and fruit traits between Mountain Taishan and Mountain Mengshan was obvious.M.hupehensis var.taishanensis and M.hupehensis var.pinyiensis were two different ecotypes which were adapted to the local environments.
The phenotypic variations of Malus hupehensis between Mountain Taishan and Mountain Mengshan in Shandong Province were studied by analyzing floral and fruit traits,based on detailed investigation.The results showed that,the differentiation of floral and fruit traits between Mountain Taishan and Mountain Mengshan was obvious.M.hupehensis var.taishanensis and M.hupehensis var.pinyiensis were two different ecotypes which were adapted to the local environments.
2008, 21(4): 561-565.
Abstract:
The extraction conditions of chitin from Periostracum Cicadae,Oxya chinensis(Thunberg),Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire were optimized by acid—alkali method laying a strong emphasis on the effects of NaOH and HCl on the removal of protein and inorganic salt.The conditions of extractions of chitin from Periostracum Cicadae were:(1)Removing protein: processed the sample with the solution of 6% NaOH,80 ℃,keeping for 1 hour;(2)Removing inorganic salt: put the sample in the solution of 0.2 mol·L-1 HCl,keeping for 20 min at room temperature.Extractions from O.chinensis were(1)Removing protein: 7% NaOH,80 ℃,keeping for 1 hours;(2)Removing inorganic salt: put the sample in the solution of 0.3 mol·L-1 HCl,keeping for 10 min at room temperature.Extractions from B.rynchopetera were(1) 7% NaOH,80 ℃,keeping for 5 h;(2) 0.2 mol·L-1 HCl,keeping for 10 min at room temperature.The structures of chitin extracting from the three insects were the same as standards according to the IR and X-ray diffraction spectra.
The extraction conditions of chitin from Periostracum Cicadae,Oxya chinensis(Thunberg),Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire were optimized by acid—alkali method laying a strong emphasis on the effects of NaOH and HCl on the removal of protein and inorganic salt.The conditions of extractions of chitin from Periostracum Cicadae were:(1)Removing protein: processed the sample with the solution of 6% NaOH,80 ℃,keeping for 1 hour;(2)Removing inorganic salt: put the sample in the solution of 0.2 mol·L-1 HCl,keeping for 20 min at room temperature.Extractions from O.chinensis were(1)Removing protein: 7% NaOH,80 ℃,keeping for 1 hours;(2)Removing inorganic salt: put the sample in the solution of 0.3 mol·L-1 HCl,keeping for 10 min at room temperature.Extractions from B.rynchopetera were(1) 7% NaOH,80 ℃,keeping for 5 h;(2) 0.2 mol·L-1 HCl,keeping for 10 min at room temperature.The structures of chitin extracting from the three insects were the same as standards according to the IR and X-ray diffraction spectra.
2008, 21(4): 566-570.
Abstract:
Haloxylon ammodendron and Populus euphratica are the dominant tree species that prevent desertification in northwest China.The parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics were measured with IMAGING-PAM in the leaves of the two tree species during different detached time.The results showed that Fv /Fm、qP and ETR had a slight decrease,however,qN had a significant increase in the initial stage of detached stress.With the extension of detached time,Fv /Fm、qP and ETR of P.euphratica decreased dramatically compared to that of H.ammodendron.At these times,qN of H.ammodendron was also lower then that in the control,but that of P.euphratica was still higher than in the control,which demonstrated that these two desert tree species initiate different mechanism of enhanced non-photochemical energy dissipation.
Haloxylon ammodendron and Populus euphratica are the dominant tree species that prevent desertification in northwest China.The parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics were measured with IMAGING-PAM in the leaves of the two tree species during different detached time.The results showed that Fv /Fm、qP and ETR had a slight decrease,however,qN had a significant increase in the initial stage of detached stress.With the extension of detached time,Fv /Fm、qP and ETR of P.euphratica decreased dramatically compared to that of H.ammodendron.At these times,qN of H.ammodendron was also lower then that in the control,but that of P.euphratica was still higher than in the control,which demonstrated that these two desert tree species initiate different mechanism of enhanced non-photochemical energy dissipation.
2008, 21(4): 571-575.
Abstract:
From 2004 to 2007,under the walk-over survey and sample plot investigation,10 orders 93 families and 679 species of tender shoot and leaf forest insects belonging to 93 families of 10 orders(Acarina included) were found in Qilian Mountains Nature Reserve.The occurring characteristics and area of the main tender shoot and leaf forest pests were identified and the occurrence reasons were analysed.Losing quantity of Picea crassifolia under tender shoot and leaf forest pests damaged were also investigated.The correlation model between pest density,leaf loss rate,fresh weight of damaged branch and growth,quantity loss rate of diameter breast height were set up,and the correlation model between pests rate of P.crassifolia and fresh weight of tender shoot and leaf were also concluded.
From 2004 to 2007,under the walk-over survey and sample plot investigation,10 orders 93 families and 679 species of tender shoot and leaf forest insects belonging to 93 families of 10 orders(Acarina included) were found in Qilian Mountains Nature Reserve.The occurring characteristics and area of the main tender shoot and leaf forest pests were identified and the occurrence reasons were analysed.Losing quantity of Picea crassifolia under tender shoot and leaf forest pests damaged were also investigated.The correlation model between pest density,leaf loss rate,fresh weight of damaged branch and growth,quantity loss rate of diameter breast height were set up,and the correlation model between pests rate of P.crassifolia and fresh weight of tender shoot and leaf were also concluded.
2008, 21(4): 576-581.
Abstract:
Using the technique of spray sowing with artificial soil,tree planting in cofferdam-made pits made by planting bags and planting with base material container seedlings,the vegetation restoration was carried out on opencast-abandoned quarry in Shuwei Mountain in Haining,Zhejiang Province.After 3 years,the forest community formed with a coverage of 31%,52% and 59% for arbor layer,shrub layer and grass layer respectively.The biodiversity was high,with the similarity to the neighborhood vegetation being 0.127 6.The biomass(dry weight) for shrub and grass aboveground was 657.16 g·m-2,and that for under ground 254.82 g·m-2.The biomass(dry weight) of litterfall was 148.82 g·m-2.The total water-holding capacity of undergrowth,litterfall and soil was 15.5 kg·m-2.This study can be a reference to evaluate the ecological benefit of ecological environment treatment for mine.
Using the technique of spray sowing with artificial soil,tree planting in cofferdam-made pits made by planting bags and planting with base material container seedlings,the vegetation restoration was carried out on opencast-abandoned quarry in Shuwei Mountain in Haining,Zhejiang Province.After 3 years,the forest community formed with a coverage of 31%,52% and 59% for arbor layer,shrub layer and grass layer respectively.The biodiversity was high,with the similarity to the neighborhood vegetation being 0.127 6.The biomass(dry weight) for shrub and grass aboveground was 657.16 g·m-2,and that for under ground 254.82 g·m-2.The biomass(dry weight) of litterfall was 148.82 g·m-2.The total water-holding capacity of undergrowth,litterfall and soil was 15.5 kg·m-2.This study can be a reference to evaluate the ecological benefit of ecological environment treatment for mine.
2008, 21(4): 582-586.
Abstract:
Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of 11 Manglietia yuyuanensis provenances from main distribution area were analyzed using ISSR molecular markers.A total of 108 amplified loci were detected by 9 primers,of which the proportion of polymorphic loci was 86.11%.A high degree of genetic diversity in M.yuyuanensis was detected,and the genetic diversity index in species level was 0.282 7,which was markedly higher than that of M.decidua and M.patungensis,the rare and endangered species belonging to the same genus with M.yuyuanensis.The result showed that there was significant difference in genetic diversity among provenances.Provenances from north and north-west Fujian province and the nearby area,including Shaxian,Jian'ou,Wuyishan of Fujian and Longquan of Zhejiang,had higher genetic diversity,which were the dominant regions to be protected and utilized. Small population effect brought by habitat fragmentation and distance isolation effect resulted in high genetic differentiation among provenances,which contributed to 25.89% of total genetic variation,and the differentiation within provenances contributed to 74.11% of total genetic variation.Results also showed that the genetic distance amog provenances was not significantly related to the geographical distance amog provenances.Based on the Nei's unbiased genetic distance,11 provenances might be obviously divided into 3 clusters.Shaxian and Jian'ou of Fujian with high genetic diversity and large nature population was clustered into one group.The genetic distance among Huangshan of Anhui,Longquan and Kaihua of Zhejiang,Wuyishan,Shaowu and Liancheng of Fujian,and Lichuan and Longnan of Jiangxi was small,then the above provenances were clustered.Quannan of Jiangxi,located at the south of distribution area,was an individual provenance.Based on the characteristic of its wider leaves,it was conferred that Quannan provenance was mistaken for M.fordiana Oliv.in the course of seed collection.
Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of 11 Manglietia yuyuanensis provenances from main distribution area were analyzed using ISSR molecular markers.A total of 108 amplified loci were detected by 9 primers,of which the proportion of polymorphic loci was 86.11%.A high degree of genetic diversity in M.yuyuanensis was detected,and the genetic diversity index in species level was 0.282 7,which was markedly higher than that of M.decidua and M.patungensis,the rare and endangered species belonging to the same genus with M.yuyuanensis.The result showed that there was significant difference in genetic diversity among provenances.Provenances from north and north-west Fujian province and the nearby area,including Shaxian,Jian'ou,Wuyishan of Fujian and Longquan of Zhejiang,had higher genetic diversity,which were the dominant regions to be protected and utilized. Small population effect brought by habitat fragmentation and distance isolation effect resulted in high genetic differentiation among provenances,which contributed to 25.89% of total genetic variation,and the differentiation within provenances contributed to 74.11% of total genetic variation.Results also showed that the genetic distance amog provenances was not significantly related to the geographical distance amog provenances.Based on the Nei's unbiased genetic distance,11 provenances might be obviously divided into 3 clusters.Shaxian and Jian'ou of Fujian with high genetic diversity and large nature population was clustered into one group.The genetic distance among Huangshan of Anhui,Longquan and Kaihua of Zhejiang,Wuyishan,Shaowu and Liancheng of Fujian,and Lichuan and Longnan of Jiangxi was small,then the above provenances were clustered.Quannan of Jiangxi,located at the south of distribution area,was an individual provenance.Based on the characteristic of its wider leaves,it was conferred that Quannan provenance was mistaken for M.fordiana Oliv.in the course of seed collection.
2008, 21(4): 587-591.
Abstract:
By research on wetland water quality and nutrient distribution in sediments of Xixi Wetland,which is the first national wetland park in China,the results indicated that the water quality had been improved especially in Wuchang Creek and Deep Pond after sediment dredging.The other inspecting points were still bad and belonged to V or worse than V standard of water quality,which would not be qualified for the tourism.The total nitrogen and phosphorus contents were low in the surface sediments(0-20 cm) of wetland.The average contents of total nitrogen and phosphorus were 1.79 g·kg-1 and 0.80 g·kg-1 respectively.Spatially,the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents were lower in center wetland than that in outside.And it was the same situation in sediment dredging creeks.The distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments profiles indicated that the accumulation of nutrients had been reduced in center wetland,while it was improved in outside creeks which were disturbed by human activities more frequently.The total nitrogen and phosphorus contents in sediments of Xixi Wetland were lower than that in other wetland.However, the results of primarily assessment remind us of paying more attention to nutrient contents in sediments of Xixi Wetland,which had reached the environmental criterions.All the conclusions above would provide useful information for the farther reclamations of Xixi Wetland.
By research on wetland water quality and nutrient distribution in sediments of Xixi Wetland,which is the first national wetland park in China,the results indicated that the water quality had been improved especially in Wuchang Creek and Deep Pond after sediment dredging.The other inspecting points were still bad and belonged to V or worse than V standard of water quality,which would not be qualified for the tourism.The total nitrogen and phosphorus contents were low in the surface sediments(0-20 cm) of wetland.The average contents of total nitrogen and phosphorus were 1.79 g·kg-1 and 0.80 g·kg-1 respectively.Spatially,the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents were lower in center wetland than that in outside.And it was the same situation in sediment dredging creeks.The distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments profiles indicated that the accumulation of nutrients had been reduced in center wetland,while it was improved in outside creeks which were disturbed by human activities more frequently.The total nitrogen and phosphorus contents in sediments of Xixi Wetland were lower than that in other wetland.However, the results of primarily assessment remind us of paying more attention to nutrient contents in sediments of Xixi Wetland,which had reached the environmental criterions.All the conclusions above would provide useful information for the farther reclamations of Xixi Wetland.
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