• 中国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库来源期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊(CJCR)
  • 第二届国家期刊奖提名奖

2016 Vol. 29, No. 4

Display Method:
Cloning, Expression and Functional Analysis of CaAPX Gene from Camellia azalea
WANG Jiang-ying, FAN Zheng-qi, YIN Heng-fu, LI Xin-lei, WU Bin, LI Ji-yuan
2016, 29(4): 471-479.
Abstract:
[Objective] Using molecular biology techniques to investigate the expression patterns of CaAPX gene in Camellia azalea, and to carry out the functional analysis of CaAPX in tobacco under temperature stress. [Method] On the basis of homologous sequences of C. japonica, an ascorbate peroxidase (APX) gene was isolated from the tender leaf in C. azalea by the 3', 5'-RACE technology named CaAPX. The full-length cDNA of CaAPX is 1 097 bp, containing a 753 bp ORF which encodes 250 amino acids. [Result] Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that the CaAPX was expressed differently in all examined camellia tissues, and the expression levels in order were immature green fruit, tender leaf, flower, leaf bud, seed embryo, petal and flower bud. The highest expression level of CaAPX was in immature green fruit, approximately ranging 2.68 to 11.44 times as high as that of the other six groups. It was also found that the expression level was notably up-regulated in leaves of camellia plants subjected to abnormal temperatures. Furthermore, the APX activity in transgenic plants increased by 158%-309%, and the AsA content increased by 167%-256% as higher as wild type plants. In addition, the over expression of CaAPX enhanced cold and heat stress tolerance in transgenic plants under temperature stresses. [Conclusion] The over expression of CaAPX from C. azalea could enhance the cold and heat stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco, and which also provide a basis in molecular breeding of resistance adversity of Camellias in the future.
Effects of Tending on the Community Structure and Species Diversity of a Tropical Natural Secondary Forest
DING Yi, LU Xing-hui, ZANG Run-guo, HUANG Ji-hong, YANG Xiu-sen, ZHOU Ya-dong, HUANG Yong, FENG Ye-zhou
2016, 29(4): 480-486.
Abstract:
[Objective] To determine the effects of forest tending on the community combination and structure of secondary forest by tending trial on a tropical natural secondary forest in Bawangling forest region,Hainan Island. [Method] Based the forest survey data on 30 permanent plots (50 m×50 m) of 60-year-old tropical secondary forest before and after tending, the variations in stem density, species diversity, community composition, indicator species, dominate species and stem diameter class structure were compared by using pairs t-test, non-metric multidimensional scaling, and indicator species analysis. [Result] The results showed that the stem density in overstory (dbh≥5 cm) and understory (1 cm≤dbh[Conclusion] After tending,the number of short-lived pioneer species were significantly reduced. This effect consequently decreased the competition intensity from pioneer species and proved important foundation for accelerating ecosystem functioning recovery of tropical secondary forest and conducting forest management.
Biochemical Characterization of Populus ASE Proteins
QIAN Ting-ting, YANG Zhi-ling, ZENG Qing-yin
2016, 29(4): 487-493.
Abstract:
[Objective] The purpose of this study is to understand the biochemical functions of glutamine phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (ASE) .[Method] By sq-PCR, protein subcellular location and catalytic activity determination of purified protein, the in vitro biochemical functions of ASE proteins were studied, and furthermore, the deletion mutant of Arabidopsis by complementation (atase2) were used to study the in vivo biological functions of poplar ASE genes. [Result] Two ASE genes were identified from Populus trichocarpa. The protein sequence analysis revealed a high sequence similarity between the two ASEs. These ASE genes were expressed in root, stem, leaf and bud tissues. The results of protein subcellular localization analysis showed that Populus ASE proteins were localized in chloroplasts. The Populus ASE genes could completely complement the function of Arabidopsis atase2 mutant. The recombinant Populus ASE proteins were expressed in E. coli and purified by Ni-affinity chromatography. Populus ASE proteins showed enzymatic activities to 5-phosphoribosyl-α-pyrophosphate. [Conclusion] It is suggested that the two Populus ASE proteins might play important roles in de novo biosynthesis of purine.
Site-Based Remote Sensing Estimation of Chinese Fir Biomass
WEN Xiao-rong, MENG Xue, LIU Jun, CHEN Shu, LIN Guo-zhong, SHE Guang-hui, LIU Xue-hui, GAO Chang-jian
2016, 29(4): 494-499.
Abstract:
[Objective] To understand the influence of site quality in the remote sensing Chinese fir biomass estimation. [Method] Based on the forest resource management inventory data and TM image of Jiande city obtained in 2007, the biomass of Chinese fir was calculated by forest volume-biomass conversion factor continuous function method and the site quality was evaluated by site class method. Four biomass estimation models for different site classes (good, moderate, poor and no ranking) were compared and the accuracy of them was tested. [Result] (1) The performance of regression model based on the first principal component analysis of TM remote sensing image is the best, the determination coefficients R2 is higher than 0.69 and the maximum is 0.855. (2) Verifying the model accuracy by reserved independent samples, the whole model accuracy without site class is 87.78% and the accuracies of good, moderate, poor site quality models are respectively 97.37%, 95.82%, and 98.23%. [Conclusion] Distinguishing different site qualities could improve remote sensing estimation precision of Chinese fir biomass. The research results provide with an improved method for the remote sensing estimation of forest biomass, and a reference for improving the remote sensing estimation accuracy of forest biomass and carbon storage.
De novo Sequencing and Characterization of Juvenile Sporophyte Transcriptome of a Fern, Dicranopteris dichotoma
LIU Li-ting, WEN Qiang, HUANG Xiao-chun, LIU Qi-jing
2016, 29(4): 500-507.
Abstract:
[Objective] The sporophyte transcriptome of Dicranopteris dichotoma was sequenced by Illumina MiSeq 250 to provide molecular information of its growth, development, metabolism, and the micro evolutionary mechanism. [Method] The functional annotations, metabolic pathways and microsatellite analysis of some Unigenes were conducted using bioinformatics methods. [Result] A total of 18 463 296 reads containing 4.62 Gbp of sequence information were generated. A total of 63 169 unigenes were formed by initial sequence splicing, with an average read length of 863 bp and N50 value of 1 587 bp. 26 826 unigenes were annotated using BLASTX searches against the Nr, Nt and SwissProt databases. The unigenes of the transcriptome of D. dichotoma were roughly divided into cellular components, molecule function and biological processes categories of 47 branches by gene ontology, of which related with cellular process cell, binding, metabolism processes and catalytic activities. Further annotated based on COG category, Unigenes could be grouped into 26 functional categories. KEGG pathway analysis showed that Unigenes could be divided into 276 classes based on their metabolic function. Meanwhile, 13 286 SSRs (simple sequence repeats) were mined with repeat motif of 2 to 6 bp by MISA. The trinucleotide repeats were most dominant, accounting for a total of 40.41%. AG/CT (14.45%) and AAG/CTT (12.39%) were the most common repeat motifs. Polymorphic SSR markers were developed from repeat motifs, which could be used for genotyping of different individuals of D. dichotoma. [Conclusion] A higher quality of transcriptome database was obtained in this study, which could reveal the general characteristics of gene expression in the process of growth and development, and lay the foundation for further gene function mining and the large-scale development of molecular markers of D. dichotoma.
Study on Self-compatibility of Camellia oleifera Clones
CHANG Wei-xia, YAO Xiao-hua
2016, 29(4): 508-514.
Abstract:
[Objective] In order to reveal the self-compatibility of Camellia oleifera and find out self-fertile clones. [Method] Three pollination treatments such as spontaneous self pollination, hand-selfing and opening pollination were designed to analyze the fruit setting rates, compatibility index (CI) by hand-selfing, relative compatibility index and characteristic variation of fruits among 50 C. oleifera clones. [Result] The result showed that C. oleifera is a highly self-incompatible plant. The fruit setting rate of opening pollination is the highest, hand-selfing the second and spontaneous self pollination the lowest. The compatibility index indicated that there was variation among different C. oleifera clones, the mean compatibility index ranged from 0 to 1.355 5. Most of the C. oleifera clones were self-incompatible except for No.0531 (CI=1.355 5) and No.0504 (CI=1.044 4). All of the experimental materials could be divided into 3 groups, i.e. self-compatible (2%), self-incompatible (84%) and highly self-incompatible (12%). For the rate of fertile fruit and average seed number of C. oleifera, significant positive relationship was found between hand selfing pollination and opening (r>0.6). [Conclusion] The characteristic of selfing fruit was inferior to opening pollination fruits in the whole. Highly self-incompatibility was one of the main reason causing flower and fruit dropping and low production of C. oleifera.
Selection for Cd-hyperaccumulator Plant from 25 Lianas Species
ZHOU Jie-liang, GE Da-bing, LI Shu-zhan, DENG Pei-yi, GAO Xia, HE Li-bo
2016, 29(4): 515-520.
Abstract:
[Objective] To select the cadmium (Cd) -hyperaccumulator plant for remediating the soil polluted by Cd. [Method] 25 lianas species were sampled in Hunan Province, China. The method of indoor hydroponics and outdoor pot experiment were designed. The Cd content from root, stem and leaf were analyzed by quantitative analyzing. [Result] The results showed that Vinca major had stronger tolerance to Cd, and both the enrichment coefficient and transfer coefficient were higher than 1 and provided with the basic characteristics of Cd-hyperaccumulator plant in water cultivation. In pot experiment, the aboveground biomass was not significant reduced and the Cd content was higher than underground when the concentration of Cd in soil was 25, 50 mg·kg-1, respectively, meanwhile, the cumulant ability reached to the standard of 100 mg kg-1 in leaf. [Conclusion] V. major is a species for Cd hyperaccumulator, deeply further test should be carried out.
Tissue Expression Pattern Analysis of TIPs Genes in Phyllostachys edulis
SUN Hua-yu, LOU Yong-feng, LI Li-chao, ZHAO Han-sheng, GAO Zhi-min
2016, 29(4): 521-528.
Abstract:
[Objective] To reveal the role of tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) in bamboo under stress conditions and provide new genetic resource for the breeding of new varieties. [Method] The molecular characteristics and expression profiles of TIPs in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie) were conducted. The gene expression in different tissues and those under drought, water and NaCl abiotic stresses were analyzed with real-time quantitative PCR. [Result] The result indicated that there were six TIPs homologous genes belonged to three subgroups (TIP1, TIP2 and TIP4) in moso bamboo genome, among which four genes (PeTIP1;1, PeTIP1;2, PeTIP2;2 and PeTIP4;2) consisted of two exons and one intron, and the other two genes (PeTIP2;1 and PeTIP4;1) consisted of three exons and two introns, respectively. Protein structure analysis indicated that all the six PeTIPs had two typical NPA domains and four conserved ar/R selectivity filter. Tissue specific analysis based on transcriptome demonstrated that PeTIP1;1 expressed with high levels in all tissues, PeTIP1;2 had the highest expression level in flower, PeTIP2;1 was mainly expressed in root and rhizome, PeTIP2;2 was specifically expressed in roots, PeTIP4;1 had the highest expression level in leaf, and PeTIP4;2 expressed in shoot and rhizome with high level, but the lowest in the roots. The result of qRT-PCR confirmed that in roots PeTIP4;1 was up-regulated, while PeTIP2;1, PeTIP2;2 and PeTIP4;2 were inhibited significantly (pPeTIP1;1 and PeTIP4;1 increased and those of PeTIP1;2, PeTIP2;2, and PeTIP4;2 decreased significantly (pPeTIPs all raised significantly (pPeTIP1;1, PeTIP1;2 and PeTIP4;1 were up-regulated under drought treatment, all the expression levels of six PeTIPs were significantly increased under water stress (pPeTIP2;1 was suppressed significantly (p[Conclusion] This result indicated that PeTIPs may play roles with varying degrees in bamboo tolerance of drought, water, NaCl and other abiotic stresses.
Comparison in Contents of Polyphenol and Flavonoid in Leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Germplasm
WEI Yan-xiu, LIU Pan-feng, DU Qing-xin, DU Hong-yan
2016, 29(4): 529-535.
Abstract:
[Objective] To compare the content difference of polyphenol and flavonoid in Eucommia ulmoides leaves, so as to evaluate and utilize E. ulmoides germplasm reasonably. [Method] HPLC and spectrophotometric methods were used to measure the contents of polyphenol, total flavonoid, isoquercitrin and quercetin of 105 E. ulmoides germplasm. [Result] The mean content of quercetin was 0.33 mg·g-1 with the highest variation coefficient of 42.42%, while the mean content of total flavonoid was 15.92 mg·g-1 with the lowest variation coefficient of 19.35%; the mean content of isoquercitrin, total polyphenol was 3.37 mg·g-1 and 42.74 mg·g-1, respectively, with the variation coefficient of 34.42% and 23.72%. No significant correlation was found in the contents of these four components between male and female plant leaves. There was highly significant difference in the four components among different regions (PE. ulmoides germplasm resources could be divided into four groups according to the content difference of the four components, in which the contents of flavonoid compounds and polyphenol in group Ⅲ including 13 materials were higher than that of the other groups. [Conclusion] The contents of polyphenol and flavonoid in leaves of E. ulmoides were high and abundant diversity and variation were found in different germplasms, which showed great potential for selection and improvement. Thus, it could provide basis materials for breeding Eucommia ulmoides germplasm.
Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Root and Leaf of Pinus massoniana in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area
WANG Na, CHENG Rui-mei, XIAO Wen-fa, SHEN Ya-fei
2016, 29(4): 536-544.
Abstract:
[Objective] By studying C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg nutrient in root and leaf of Pinus massoniana to understand the stoichiometric and nutrient distribution characteristics of roots and leaves in growing or no-growing season, and the correlation between the chemical traits. [Method] In this study, in July 2014 and November 2014, the soil column method was used to collect root samples and the high branch scissors was used to collect the healthy leaves from the second sections in branches, and then the nutrients content were investigated by laboratory data analysis. [Result] The results showed: (1) The root C nutrient content, C:N and C:P of P. massoniana in no-growing season showed a decreasing trend compared with that in growing season, while all the others showed a increasing trend. (2) The C content of roots increased with the increase of diameter, but the N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents decreased with the increase of diameter. (3) The diameter, sampling time and root diameter × time had very significant effect on nutrient content and the stoichiometry of C, N, and P nutrient, but the sampling time had little effect on coarse root C, N contents and C:N. (4) The analysis of correlation revealed that the C and N contents of fine root had very significant negative correlation, the N and P of fine root had very significant positive correlation, the variation in C:N was determined by C and N contents and in N:P by N and P contents. Meanwhile, the variation of coarse root in C:N was determined by N content and in N:P was determined by P content. (5) From leaf to root, the C, N, P, and K contents decreased, but Ca and Mg contents increased. The correlation analysis indicated that nutrient content of root and leaf had little correlation, except C and K nutrient. [Conclusion] The relationship between nutrient content of roots and leaves was weak, and the relative demand of different nutrient were different; Compared with the growing season, N, P, K, Ca, Mg content of roots in non-growing season was significantly increased; The coupling relationship between C and N or N and P only appeared in fine roots.
Variation of Soil Bulk Density on Slopes in the Rocky Mountainous Areas of Loess Plateau, Northwest China: A Case Study of Xiangshuihe Small Watershed in Liupan Mountains
ZHANG Tong, WANG Yan-hui, WANG Yu-jie, DENG Xiu-xiu
2016, 29(4): 545-552.
Abstract:
[Objective] Soil bulk density is the most basic parameters of the forest soil physical properties. To researched the spatial heterogeneity of soil bulk density on different slopes to quantitatively describe the variation of soil bulk density on slopes and the influencing factors. [Method] To selected 2 representative slopes, one covered by plantation of Larix principis-rupprechtii and another by natural shrubs, in the sub-humid small watershed of Xiangshuihe of the Liupan Mountains. Sample plots were set up continuously from the slope top downwards to slope foot. The soil physical properties including soil bulk density were investigated in 2014, through the ring core samples from different soil layers within the soil profiles of each plot. [Result] The mean soil bulk density (Y, g·cm-3) increased linearly with increasing soil depths (X, cm) within the range of 0-100 cm, with the fitted relation of Y1=0.755 5+0.007 7X (R2=0.99) for the plantation slope, and Y2=0.919 5+0.004 7X (R2=0.98) for the shrub slope. This vertical variation is influenced by the soil depth differences of vegetation root activity, soil biological activity and gravel content, etc. On the two slopes studied, the 0-100 cm average of soil bulk density showed a clear difference among slope positions, and the overall trend along the slope among the two slopes were also different. On the slope of L. principis-rupprechtii plantation, the soil bulk density firstly increased gradually from slope top downwards and then stabilized; while it showed a variation trend of "increase-decrease-increase" on the shrub slope. The variation of soil bulk density in each soil layer differed from each other among the 2 slopes, too. The main cause of such bulk density variation is the elevation difference for the plantation slope, but the plant growth for the shrub slope. The whole-slope average of soil bulk density appeared at the slope position with the relative slope length of 0.4-0.5. The variation of soil bulk density difference between certain slope position and the whole-slope average (Z, g·cm-3) with increasing relative slope length (the ratio between the horizontal distance of one plot from slope top to the horizontal length of whole slope) (X, m) was describe by a fitted relation: Z1=-0.139X2+0.25X-0.080 1 (R2=0.93) for the plantation slope, and Z2=0.494 4X3-0.767 2X2+0.340 3X-0.040 5 (R2=0.95) for the shrub slope. Whereby the whole-slope average of soil bulk density can be estimated from the bulk density measured at a certain slope position, so that up-scaling of soil bulk density can be realized within the spatial range from plot to slope. [Conclusion] An obvious variation of soil bulk density along slope position exists on both plantation slopes and shrub slope, but with different variation pattern and main influencing factor. Using the fitted relation describing the slope variation of soil bulk density, the up-scaling of soil bulk density from the measured value at certain slope position to the average of whole slope can be realized.
Influence of Soil Heterogeneity Based on Vegetation Recovery in Alpine Sandy Land
LI Shao-hua, WANG Xue-quan, GAO Qi, BAO Yan-feng, YIN Shu-le
2016, 29(4): 553-559.
Abstract:
[Objective] To determine the different effects of various vegetation types on soil improvement on alpine sandy land, and to discuss the heterogeneity of soil improvement and the potential of different artificial forest trees. [Method] Based on vegetation restoration of long term monitoring experiments at sandy field forest in Shazhuyu, a village of Alpine Sandy Land. 6 vegetation plots (Salix cheilophila, Populus cathayana, Leymus secalinus, Caragana korshinskii, Hippphae rhamnoides, Tamarix chinensis) and three control plots(farmland, flowing sand land, slacks dune) were selected to analyze the soil texture, pH value, soil organic matter and total N, total P and total K properties. [Result] (1) After 51 years of vegetation restoration, from the viewpoint of increased proportion of clay and silt, the soil texture improvement order was Hippophae rhamnoides(206.3%)>Caragana korshinskii(108.5%)>Populus cathayana(70.5%)>Salix cheilophila(56.8%)>Leymus secalinus(54.1%)>Tamarisk chinensis (42.3%). From the viewpoint of increased proportion of total N, total P and total K, the soil nutrient improvement order was Populus cathayana(198.2%)>Caragana korshinskii(166.7%)>Hippophae rhamnoides(155.3%)>Salix cheilophila(82.6%)>Leymus secalinus(75.4%)>Tamarisk chinensis(53.9%).The soil total P contents was low, the average was only 0.42 g·kg-1. (2)After 51 years of vegetation restoration, the 030 cm soil organic matter contents of understory Caragana korshinskii, Populus cathayana, Hippophae rhamnoides, Leymus secalinus, Salix cheilophila, Tamarix chinensis were 20.19,18.25,30.81,23.57,22.13 and 10.62 g·kg-1, which increased order by 766.7%, 702.4%, 689.8%, 517.4%, 491.5% and 343.9% compared with the mobile sand dunes or interdune sandy corresponding. [Conclusion] With the increase of vegetation restoration time, the soil texture had been greatly improved, the soil nutrients content increased significantly, but the variability of surface soil pH was very little. With the increase of the recovery time, the difference in organic matter content of each soil layers difference was increasing, the accumulation of organic substance was becoming more and more obvious, and there was a time lag in the soil improvement effect with depth increasing. Caragana korshinskii and Hippophae rhamnoides was more suitable on planting in Alpine Sandy Land, and could take appropriately forestry management measures to achieve sustainable development in this area.
Effects of Zn Stress on Physiological Characteristics of Hylotelephium spectabile
WANG Ying, LIU Jing, YANG Guo-ting, GUAN Yang
2016, 29(4): 560-564.
Abstract:
[Objective] To study the tolerance of Hylotelephium spectabile to long-term ZnSO4 stress. [Method] Pot experiment was conducted to study the changes of leaves' physiological indexes of H. spectabile. The plants were treated with different concentrations ZnSO4·7H2O (0, 160 and 1 600 mg·kg-1) and the healthy leaves with the same size were collected as control material at the same position on the 0, 7th, 14th, 21th, 28th, and 35th days respectively. [Result] Under the stress of low concentration Zn, the electrical conductivity and the concentration of MDA of the leaf of H. spectabile didn't increased distinctively; the activity of protective enzyme such as SOD, POD and CAT increased; the concentration of proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein increased. Under the stress of high concentration Zn, the electrical conductivity and the concentration of MDA increased; the protective enzyme activity increased; the concentration of proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein changed slightly. [Conclusion] H. spectabile had a strong tolerance to Zn stress. Under low concentration Zn stress, H. spectabile showed a stronger ability to adjust, and under high concentration Zn stress, H. spectabile depended mainly on regulating protective enzyme system. In the process of continuous Zn stress, H. spectabile quickly made the corresponding physiological adaptation to Zn stress, and showed tolerance and a strong recovery ability.
Establishment and Primer Screening of SSR-PCR Reaction System for Toona ciliata
ZHAN Xin, LU Hao-jun, ZHAO Shuai, CHEN Xiao-yang, DENG Xiao-mei
2016, 29(4): 565-570.
Abstract:
[Objective] To establish SSR-PCR reaction system, and screen high polymorphism primers for SSR analysis of Toona ciliata. [Method] The orthogonal design was employed to obtain the optimal SSR-PCR system of T. ciliate. Using optimized system of SSR-PCR, 135 pairs of SSR primers from Meliaceae plants were amplificated in six populations. [Result] The optimal 10 μL reaction system contained 1.5 μL 30 ng·μL-1Template DNA, 0.8 μL 10 umol·L-1 primers,0.025 μL 10 mol·L-1 dNTPs, 0.8 μL 25mol·L-1 Mg2+, 0.1 μL 5 U·μL-1 taq DNA polymerase, 0.01μL 1 mol·L-1 F-dUTP, 1μL 10× PCR buffer (Mg2+free) and 5.765 μL ddH2O. 12 primers with high polymorphism were selected among 29 primer combinations. [Conclusion] The optimal reaction system of SSR-PCR were established and high polymorphism primers were selected, which could be used in analysis of fingerprinting genetic diversity, molecular breeding and variety identification in T. ciliate.
The Associative Learning Effect on Foraging Behavior of the Butterfly Danaus chrysippus
WANG Hua, LI Cheng-zhe, CHEN Xiao-ming, YAO Jun, ZHOU Cheng-li, SHI Lei
2016, 29(4): 571-575.
Abstract:
[Objective] To determine the learning ability of Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus,1758), [Method] Two kinds of solutions were used to study the associative learning in pupal and adult stage. One is the solution of α-pinene mixed with honey, the other is pure honey solution. [Result] The adults, treated with α-pinene solution in the pupal stage, showed higher selection ratio (66.67%) on mixture solution than pure honey solution (33.33%); By learning from 1 to 6 days, the adults exhibited the same behavior that they prefer mixed solution to the pure honey solution, the selection rate were 80% and 20% respectively. It is found that the longer the duration of learning, the higher the selection rate of mixed solution. [Conclusion] The pupa and adult of D. chrysippus gained stronger learning ability after training, and the longer the butterfly learns, the more profound memory it will gain; Yet, there was no significant difference in adult selection of mixture solution between the first and the following times, which might be related to whether the D. chrysippus was hungry.
Diversity and Indicator Species of Leaf-litter Ants in Eucalyptus grandis Plantations and Secondary Natural Forests
LU Zhi-xing, LI Ke-li, ZHANG Nian-nian, CHEN You-qing
2016, 29(4): 576-580.
Abstract:
[Objective] To review the effects of Eucalyptus grandis plantations on leaf-litter ant community. [Method] Investigations of leaf-litter ant communities of E. grandis plantations and secondary natural forest were conducted by Winkler litter extraction in October 2012 and April 2013 in Lüchun County, Yunnan Province. [Result] 2 188 ant individuals were collected, representing 66 species, 34 genera, 5 families of Formicidae. There were significant differences in species richness of leaf-litter ants among plots (GLM,t=-2.068,P=0.039). But no significant difference was found in abundance among plots (GLM,t=-0.174,P=0.863). The E. grandis plantation plot E1 had the highest leaf-litter ant species richness, while the secondary natural forest plot N2 the lowest. The secondary natural forest N1 had the highest leaf-litter ant abundance, and the E. grandis plantation plot E2 the lowest. The ant community structure of E. grandis plantations showed no significant difference with secondary natural forest (ANOSIM Global R=0.5,P=0.333). Pheidole noda Smith and Monomorium orientale Mayr were the indicator species of Eucalyptus grandis plantations, Pachycondyla luteipes (Mayr) was the indicator species of secondary natural forest. There was a negative correlation between the ant species richness and the leaf-litter depth. The ant species richness and abundance were not significantly correlated with the leaf-litter characteristics. [Conclusion] The E. grandis plantations with less disturbance and rich vegetation had positive effects on leaf-litter ant community protection.
Tree Ring Response of Scots Pine Provenances to Climate Factors at Maoershan, Northeastern China
XU Jing, GUO Bin-de, SUN Hong-zhi
2016, 29(4): 581-586.
Abstract:
[Objective] To understand the difference in growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) provenances at Maoershan area, Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China, and to study the climate factors' influence to the width growth of Scots pine. [Method] By tree ring and climatic response analysis, correlation analysis and principal components analysis, the response differences between tree rings and climatic factors were conducted. [Result] Results showed a similar trend of the tree rings from different Scots pine provenances in the study area. Among 7 provenances, the ring width of six provenances showed an increasing trend in the initial stage. The radial growth of provenances from Aershan, Gaofeng, Honghuaerji and Kalunshan had significantly positive correlation with the temperature in current February. The radial growth of provenance from Handagai had significantly positive correlation with the temperature in last April. The radial growth of provenances from Gaofeng, Tuqiang and Kalunshan had significantly positive correlation with monthly precipitation in current June. The radial growth of provenances from Aershan, Gaofeng, Jinshan, Kalunshan, Honghuaerji and Tuqiang had significantly negative correlation with monthly precipitation in last August. [Conclusion] It is concluded that the width growth of different Scots pine provenances grew faster at early stage, the width growth had positive correlation with temperature in February and precipitation in June, but negative correlation with precipitation in last August. In this study, the tree-ring chronologies of 7 Scots pine provenances in Moershan were developed.
The Nutrient Content Variations of Different Forest Species and the Forest Soil in Loess Region of Western Shanxi
LI Hui, WANG Bai-tian, LIU Tao
2016, 29(4): 587-595.
Abstract:
[Objective] To explore the nutrient content variation characteristics of vegetative organs (leaf, branch, stem and root) of different tree species and the forest soil in loess region of western Shanxi Province. [Method] The methods of investigation and samples analysis were used to study the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in different organs of three typical forest species (Robinia pseudoacacia, Platycladus orientalis, Quercus liaotungensis) and in the forest soil. The stoichiometric relationships of C, N and P between leaf and the soil were discussed. [Result] The results showed that the leaf SOC contents of Q. liaotungensis, R. pseudoacacia and P. orientalis were 468.43, 454.96 and 438.53 g·kg-1, the leaf TN contents of R. pseudoacacia, Q. liaotungensis and P. orientalis were 27.52, 20.74 and 12.73 g·kg-1, the leaf TP contents of Q. liaotungensis, P. orientalis and R. pseudoacacia were 2.73, 2.15 and 1.35 g·kg-1, the leaf C:N value decreased in the order of P. orientalis>Q. liaotungensis>R. pseudoacacia, the values of C:P and N:P decreased in the order of R. pseudoacacia, P. orientalis, Q. liaotungensis and R. pseudoacacia, Q. liaotungensis, P. orientalis respectively; The SOC content of branch of the three species were the largest. The leaf TN content was the largest, while the stem was the least of the three species. The branch TP contents of P. orientalis, Q. liaotungensis and R. pseudoacacia were 3.07, 3.07 and 1.87 g·kg-1, which were significantly larger than that of the other organs; The contents of SOC, TN and TP in the forest soil decreased with the increase of soil depth, and the 010 cm soil layer was the largest, the values of C:P, N:P and C:N in different forest soils were not consistent with the variation of soil depths; The leaf SOC and TP contents in R. pseudoacacia had an extremely significant negative correlation with the soil value of C:N; the leaf SOC content was significantly negatively correlated with the soil values of C:N, C:P and N:P, and the leaf value of N:P in P. orientalis was significantly positively correlated with the soil values of C:N, C:P and N:P; the leaf SOC content and value of C:P in Q. liaotungensis had a significantly negative correlation with soil SOC content. [Conclusion] The organic carbon content of Q. liaotungensis, R. pseudoacacia and P. orientalis were higher, with 468.43, 454.96, 438.53 g·kg-1 respectively; Q. liaotungensis and R. pseudoacacia owned stronger drought stress tolerance than P. orientalis in arid region on the Loess Plateau of Western Shanxi; The local environment was more suitable for the growth and development of Q. liaotungensis, while it would limt the growth of R. pseudoacacia and P. orientalis due to soil P and N, respectively.
Seasonal Change and Numerical Simulation of the Frozen Soil under Two Types of Vegetation in Qilian Mountains
REN Lu, WANG Shun-li, YU Peng-tao, WANG Yan-hui, ZHANG Xue-pei, WANG Bin, LIU Xian-de, JIN Ming
2016, 29(4): 596-602.
Abstract:
[Objective] To explore the seasonal change of frozen soil and the impact of vegetation in Qilian Mountains on seasonal frozen soil, and build the relationship between the frozen soil depth and temperature. [Methods] The comparative observation of freezing and thawing process in the Pailugou Watershed, Qilian Mountains was done at a shady Picea forest soil and a sunny grassland soil.[Results] (1) The seasonal frozen soil in Qilian Mountains begins to freeze in late October every year, the interface of frozen layer begins to melt in April, and ends in August. The freezing thawing process can be divided into three stages, namely: the unidirectional freezing stage, one-way melting stage and two-way melting stage. (2) The start time in the freezing stage of Picea forest soil is basically the same as the grassland, but the freezing rate is faster than that of the grassland, and the maximum frozen depth is larger than that of grassland; the start time in the melting stage of frozen soil layer of the Picea forest and grassland are basically the same, the melting rate is similar, but the melting of Picea forest soil lasts longer. (3) Accumulated temperature determines the soil freezing melting process, when frozen hours accumulated temperature reached -460℃·h, the soil started to freeze; when positive hours accumulated temperature reached 62℃·h, the interface of frozen soil layer begins to melt. [Conclution] Soil freezing depth has close relationship with hours accumulated temperature. It can be used for predicting permafrost frozen state.
Technique of Tissue Culture of Acacia cincinnata
WANG Hong, HUANG Lie-jian, SHI Qiong, HU Feng
2016, 29(4): 603-609.
Abstract:
[Objective] To establish the technique system of tissue culture for 16-year-old Acacia cincinnata elite tree. [Method] Newborn branches with axillary buds from 16-year-old elite tree were collected as explants to study the sterilization strategy, primary culture, multiplication culture, rooting and transplant of A. cincinnata. [Result] A cutting orchard was established by using the newborn branches of 16-year-old A. cincinnata elite trees as cuttings. It was proved that the middle part of stem segments collected from the orchard was the best. As sterilized with 75% alcohol for 0.5 min and 0.1% HgCl2 for 18 min, the survival rate and shooting rate of explants were 69.33% and 86.67% respectively; the best primary culture medium was modify MS+ sucrose 40 g·L-1, with germination rate 91.33%; the highest multiplication index was 3.50 after 35 d cultured on MS+6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1+sucrose 30 g·L-1; the best medium for rooting was 1/2MS+IBA 0.25 mg·L-1+ NAA 0.5 mg·L-1+ sucrose 40 g·L-1 with rooting rate 96.11% after cultured 15 d. The survival rate reached 71.11% after being transplanted the rooted plantlets to nutrition cup with sand. [Conclusion] This study would help to resolve the problems of sterilization and shoot induction of mature A. cincinnata elite tree, and the tissue culture technique could contribute to A. cincinnata breeding program and large-scale seedling propagation.
Cloning and Prokaryotic Expression of Wax Synthase Gene of the Chinese White Wax Scale
LIU Bo-wen, WANG Xue-qing, SUN Tao, QI Qian, YU Shu-hui, YANG Pu, CHEN Xiao-ming
2016, 29(4): 610-614.
Abstract:
[Objective] To obtain the full length cDNA sequence of the wax synthase (ws) gene of the white wax insect, Ericerus pela Chavannes, and heterologously express the enzyme in Escherichia coli. [Method] The 3' and 5' ends of the ws gene were obtained separately by using RACE, and the prokaryotic expression vector was constructed after the analysis of the full length cDNA sequence of the ws gene. Finally, the expression of WS in Ericerus coli BL21 was induced by IPTG. [Result] Sequence analysis showed that, the full-length cDNA of the ws gene was 1 518 bp, which included the 5'-UTR (untranslated region) with 94 bp, 3'-UTR with 68 bp, and the open reading frame with 1 356 bp. The gene was deduced to encode 452 amino acid residues with the putative protein molecular weight of 51.8 kDa, and the theoretical isoelectric point of 6.35. Western Blot result showed that, the WS enzyme was expressed successfully in Ericerus coli. [Conclusion] In this study, the full length cDNA of the ws gene of Ericerus pela was obtained, and this enzyme was successfully expressed in Ericerus coli, which provides references for the research on wax ester synthesis in other insects.
Detection of Poplar Canker Fungal Pathogens by ArrayTube Technique
WANG Kai-ying, GAO Qian, YAN Dong-hui
2016, 29(4): 615-619.
Abstract:
[Objective] Using ArrayTube, a high-throughput microarray technology, to detect poplar canker pathogens in Beijing area. [Method] The DNA extracted from symptomatic and asymptomatic poplar bark were used to hybridizing by ArrayTube. The results of hybridization were recorded and analyzed by IconoClust-AT 3.0. Then the hybridization results were verified by cloning of the corresponding tissue. [Result] The results showed that Botryosphaeria dothidea and Valsa sordida were successfully detected as the target pathogens in symptomatic samples by microarray hybridization. The B. dothidea was also found as an endophyte in healthy tissue. [Conclusion] The results indicated that the ArrayTube technique is an effective method for quick detection of poplar canker pathogens, it could be further applied in other forest plant pathogen detection or diagnosis.
Study on the Resistance of Different Oil-tea Varieties to Scirtothrips dorsalis
LI De-wei, DENG Yan, JIANG Xue-jian, CHANG Ming-shan, LUO Ji
2016, 29(4): 620-623.
Abstract:
[Objective] To understand the resistance of oil tea to Scirtothrips dorsalis and analyse the mechanism. [Method] The population densities of S. dorsalis on seven varieties of oil tea in field were investigated, the survival rates were tested by feeding them with the tender leaf of the seven varieties of oil tea in laboratory, and the fuzz distribution characteristics of the tender shoots were recorded respectively. [Result] The results showed that there were significant differences in mean population density of S. dorsalis among these varieties of oil tea in the field; however, the average survival rate of S. dorsalis did not show significant difference in lab. [Conclusion] Based on correlation analysis it was showed that the resistance of oil tea to S. dorsalis did not come from its own chemicals, but might mainly due to the distribution of fuzz on leaf surface.