• 中国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库来源期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊(CJCR)
  • 第二届国家期刊奖提名奖

2017 Vol. 30, No. 3

Display Method:
Establishment of Larix kaempferi MSAP System Based on Capillary Electrophoresis
DIAO Shu, SUN Chao, SUN Xiao-mei, ZHANG Shou-gong
2017, 30(3): 361-367. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.001
Abstract:
Objective This study aims at constructing the excellent reaction system of MSAP technology and obtaining DNA methylation maps with clear bands and uniform signal intensity, so as to provide references for the study on genetic variation of Larix kaempferi in the future. Method Taking immature xylem as experimental materials, the impact of five factors (dosage of DNA template, concentration of primers, Mg2+, dNTP and exTaq DNA polymerase) on the result of capillary electrophoresis was investigated. Result It was found that different concentrations of DNA template and the exTaq DNA polymerase did not affect the result of capillary electrophoresis. However, high concentration of primers would lead to sparse fragments in MSAP profile. Mg2+ concentration and dNTP concentration were the most important factors which determined the result of capillary electrophoresis. When the concentration of Mg2+/dNTP was unsuitable, the amount of band would significantly decrease, and the amount of impurity peak would significantly increase. Conclusion The MASP system determined for capillary electrophoresis in L. kaempferi is: DNA template dosage 100 ng, primers 0.75 pmol·μL-1, Mg2+ 2 mmol·L-1, dNTP 0.375 mmol·L-1 and exTaq DNA polymerase 0.05 U·μL-1. It can be widely used in detecting DNA methylation.
Generalized Height-diameter Model for Natural Mixed Spruce-fir Coniferous and Broadleaf Forests based on BP Neural Network
LIU Xin, WANG Hai-yan, LEI Xiang-dong, XIE Ya-lin
2017, 30(3): 368-375. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.002
Abstract:
Objective Twelve plots of natural mixed spruce-fir coniferous and broadleaf forests located in Jin'gouling Forest Farm of Jilin Province were investigated to establish height prediction models for main tree species based on 12 953 data of tree height, diameter and dominant height by using BP neural network. Method After determining the hidden nodes, an optimum model structure was developed by training BP models of Larix olgensis, Picea spp., Abies nephrolepis, Pinus koraiensis and two deciduous groups repeatedly. Then, they were compared with two traditional height-diameter equations in which the parameters were solved with the same input datasets from 8 plots to establish BP models, and the validation datasets from the other 4 plots were used to test the models. Result The results show that the optimal network structure of L. olgensis and Picea spp. (nodes in input layers: nodes in hidden layers: nodes in output layers) are both 2:5:1, the optimal network structure of Pinus koraiensis, one deciduous group (Betula platyphylla, Populus ussuriensis, Ulmus pumila and other tree species) are both 2:4:1, the optimal network structure of A. nephrolepis is 2:8:1, and the optimal network structure of the other deciduous group (Acer mono, Fraxinus mandschurica, Phellodendron amurense, Tilia amurensis, and Betula costata) is 2:7:1. Conclusion Compared with traditional methods, the BP models need not rely on existing functions or choose model forms. The R2 of BP models are higher than that of the traditional models, and both the mean absolute error and root mean square error of BP models are less than that of the traditional models. The fitting accuracy and prediction effect of BP neural network models are better than those of traditional equations, and thus can predict tree height effectively.
Metabolites Diversity and Hydrocarbons Analysis on Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Ascocoryne Strains
GAO Qian, YAN Dong-hui, WANG Kai-ying, LI Hong-chang, REN Fei
2017, 30(3): 376-383. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.003
Abstract:
Objective Endophytic fungus Ascocoryne sarcoides NRRL 50072 was firstly found to be able to produce volatile compounds similar to those in fossil fuels. This could be a new avenue to biofuel development. The purpose of this study is to clarify whether the other strains from the same species or related species in Ascocoryne have similar metabolisms to produce biofuel compounds. Method Different strains from Ascocoryne were isolated with tissue-surface sterilization. The evolutionary relationship between the strains in the genus was determined through constituting a ML phylogenetic tree. The compounds in volatile gas from the strains were analyzed and identified in NIST database with HSSPEM-GC-MS. Result All the strains studied were able to produce volatile metabolites containing hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, acids, etc. However, the volatile compounds among the strains were highly diverse, even among closely related strains with significantly different compositions in their volatile compounds. Conclusion Most fungi from Ascocoryne could have the capability to produce volatile hydrocarbons. The compounds of hydrocarbons may be strain-specific. Therefore, it is fundamental for discovering or genetic engineering new strains to study and develop myco-diesel from Ascocoryne fungi.
Characteristics of δD and δ18O in Precipitation in Mt. Dinghu and Its Water Vapor Sources
GAO De-qiang, XU Qing, ZHANG Bei-bei, MA Ying-bin, CHEN Jie, LIU Shi-rong
2017, 30(3): 384-391. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.004
Abstract:
Objective Mt. Dinghu National Nature Reserve, located in Guangdong Province, is a transitional zone of tropics and subtropics. It provides a unique and important opportunity for climate change studies. The change of precipitation pattern affects the microclimate within a regional forest ecosystem. The research on the characteristics of hydrogen (δD) and oxygen (δ18O) stable isotope in precipitation and the source of regional atmospheric precipitation are theoretically and practically important to understand the water cycling and community succession in the forest ecosystem of Mt. Dinghu, and wisely use and manage regional water resources. Method The precipitation δD and δ18O data in the period from August 2013 to August 2014 were analyzed to examine the relationship between the characteristics of δD and δ18O and their environmental factors. Furthermore, the air mass transmission pathway was determined and the regional water vapor sources were identified based on HYSPLIT model. Result The meteoric water line equation is δD = 7.863δ18O + 9.664 (R2 = 0.975, n = 108); the average δD value is-34.44‰, ranging from -118.26‰ to -15.52‰, and the average δ18O value is -5.58‰, ranging from -16.05‰ to 2.25‰. The atmospheric precipitation excess deuterium (d) follows a seasonal pattern with low value in winter and high value in summer. A "precipitation effect" exists significantly whereas the "temperature effect" is not obvious. Conclusion There are obvious seasonal changes of δD and δ18O in atmospheric precipitation in Mt. Dinghu. In dry season, the air mass mainly comes from North China and Eurasia, as well as local evaporation, while in the wet season, the air mass mainly comes from the western Pacific Ocean, the South China Sea, and the Indian Ocean.
Sulfur Dioxide Absorption and Accumulation Capacity of 9 Common Urban Greening Tree Species in Beijing
WANG Rong-xin, XIN Xue-bing, PEI Shun-xiang, GUO Jia, WU Di
2017, 30(3): 392-398. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.005
Abstract:
Objective To choose the ideal greening species for Beijing by evaluating the sulfur dioxide absorption and accumulation capacity of 9 common urban greening tree Species in Beijing, and to provide scientific basis for structure optimization of urban greening in the future. Method BaSO4 turbidimetry was used to determine the sulfur contents in the sample leaves under different pollutant conditions. Then the relative sulfur absorption capacity and average contaminative index were calculated to evaluate the sulfur dioxide absorption and accumulation capacity. By comparing the dissimilarity, the ideal greening species were screened out. Result (1) There is significant difference in sulfur contents and relative sulfur absorption capacity among species under different pollutant conditions. The capacity is positively correlated with the pollution levels. (2) There are obvious differences in sulfur dioxide absorption and accumulation capacity among the 9 species under same pollutant conditions. It is proved that Salix matsudana is the best (the average relative sulfur absorption capacity is 2.38 mg·g-1 and the average contaminative index is 2.23), followed by Sophora japonica (the average relative sulfur absorption capacity is 1.18 mg·g-1 and the average contaminative index is 2.09), Ailanthus altissima, Cotinus coggygria, Populus tomentosa and Acer mono are the medium, and Ulmus pumila, Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabuliformis are poorer. Conclusion Salix matsudana and Sophora japonica could be the ideal species for urban greening in Beijing.
Research on Biological Characteristics of Teinoplpus aureus in Jiulianshan
LIN Bao-zhu, ZHU Xiang-fu, ZENG Ju-ping, YUAN Jing-xi
2017, 30(3): 399-408. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.006
Abstract:
Objective Based on field observation to study the adult active regularity of Teinoplpus aureus and their biological traits such as morphological characteristics and living habit of eggs and larvae by using bionic feeding experiments, so as to provide valid data for the study and protection of T.aureus. Method The field observations for the adult active regularity of T. aureus were conducted from 2004 to 2012. In 2013~2015, all the Magnoliaceae host trees were investigated and the eggs and larvae of T. aureus were collected under the leaves along the ridge from 450 to 1200 m above sea level by using route research method. The morphological characteristics and living habit of the eggs and larva collected from the host plant leaves were observed by using bionic feeding experiments. Result The results show that the T. aureus has two generations per year in Jiulianshan. The overwintering morph is its pupa and the adult stage of first generation usually occurs between early April and mid-May. The adult period of second generation usually occurs between late August and mid-September, however. In 2013, the eggs and larvae were found under the leaves of M. foveolata (Magnoliaceae). In 2014~2015, the eggs and larvae of T. aureus under the leaves of Michelia maudiae implies that M. maudiae should be another new host plant for T. aureus. For now, the discovery is reported for the first time. The larvae of T. aureus undergo 5 instars and the difference of various instar larvae is significant. An important discovery for this study shows that the pupation of prepupae will undergo two molts in the region. Conclusion The conclusion indicates that: (1) the distribution of eggs and larvae of T. aureus are closely related with the distribution of host plants grew in favorable habitats; (2) the female T. aureus lays eggs on healthy leaves of M. foveolata and M. maudiae and the larvae will chew on the leaves of M. maudiae; (3) the environmental factors, such as temperature and humidity, may have a significant impact on the egg hatch, the larvae development, the pupation and the emergence of adults; (4) lack of female, low egg hatchability, longer larvae stage, low survival rate of larvae, low pupation rate, low eclosion rate and so on are the main reasons for their scarcity in this region; (5) the pupation of prepupae with two molts in other butterflies have not been reported so far and this is a special phenomenon that distinguishes from other butterflies.
Isolation of Pathogen of Casuarina Bacterial Wilt and Screening of High Pathogenic Strains
XU Xiu-yu, XU Bin, GANG Xian-hua, ZHONG Chong-lu, ZHANG Hua-xin
2017, 30(3): 409-416. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.007
Abstract:
Objective To screen high pathogenic strains for studies on germplasm resources resistance identification and resistance breeding of Casuarina. Method The Casuarina roots were collected from heavily infected areas in western Guangdong Province. Two methods, dilution isolation and root overflow, were used in strains isolation. Ralstonia solanacearum strains were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and the pathogenicity of these strains were measured. Result 31 strains were isolated. The method of root overflow is simple to operate and the isolation rate was about 60%, thus was supplementary to regular dilution method. Only 22 strains were amplified from the 31 strains by using 16S rRNA sequencing, and the amplified strains were identified as R. solanacearum. The results of pathogenicity measurement showed that the pathogenicity of different strains was significantly different (p < 0.01), and the correlation coefficients between two different inoculation approaches (water planting and potting) were significant but relatively low (0.496 6~0.731 0), suggesting that the two approaches were independent. Conclusion Six strains were selected for next-step study.
Plant Growth and Needles N and P Stoichiometric Characteristics of Second-generation Pinus massoniana Clones
PANG Li, ZHOU Zhi-chun, ZHANG Yi, JIN Guo-qing, FENG Zhong-ping
2017, 30(3): 417-423. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.008
Abstract:
Objective The purpose of this study is to reveal the correlation between stoichiometric characteristics of N, P and the growth traits of Pinus massoniana on P deficiency site. Method Taking 11-year-old P. massoniana clones in second-generation breeding population as test materials, the major growth traits, including height, DBH, and its correlation with N, P stoichiometric characteristics of needles, were studied through field investigation. Result (1) Significant differences were observed in traits among clones, and high clonal repeatability was detected. There were significant differences among clones in N, P content and N/P of mature and current year needle; (2) The major growth traits of clones had positive correlations with N content and N/P of mature and current year needle; (3) Based on major growth traits and N, P stoichiometric characteristics of needles, the 30 clones tested were clustered into 4 groups. Group 1 exhibited superior growth traits, with higher N/P of mature needle, but relatively lower N/P of current year needle. Group 2 exhibited good growth traits, with medium N/P of mature and current year needle. Group 3 had the ordinary growth traits, but this group accounted for half of the tested clones. The N/P of mature needle had larger difference with current year needle. Group 4 exhibited poor growth traits, while N/P of mature and current year needle were lower. Conclusion Two clones belonging to group 1 exhibited perfect growth traits, which might by adjusting N, P content and N/P of mature and current year needle to form a particular nutrient allocation mechanism.
Research on Variation Pattern of Wood Properties of Red-heart Chinese Fir Plus Trees, a Featured Provenance from Rongshui of Guangxi
LI Kui-peng, WEI Zheng-cheng, HUANG Kai-yong, Dong Li-jun, HUANG Hong-fei, CHEN Qin, DAI Jun, TAN Wen-jing
2017, 30(3): 424-429. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.009
Abstract:
Objective To Measure and analyze the wood properties of red-heart Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plus trees, the provenance from Rongshui of Guangxi, and to investigate the wood properties variation pattern of the trees. Method Sixty 20-year-old plus trees of red-heart Chinese fir were chosen as research material. The wood properties such as wood volume, wood basic density, tissue proportion, tracheid properties and tracheid microfibril angle were assayed and the variation pattern of relevant wood properties was analyzed. Result The heartwood ratio, wood basic density, xylem ray proportion, tracheid proportion, tracheid length, tracheid width, and the length-width ratios of tracheid obeyed normal distribution. The variable coefficient of axially parenchyma proportion of red-heart Chinese fir plus trees from two plots in Rongshui was 35.08% and 44.97% respectively, showing a significant variation. The variable coefficient of tracheid proportion was 3.28% and 3.56% respectively, showing a small variation. There were highly significant differences (P < 0.01) in heartwood ratio, xylem ray proportion, tracheid length, tracheid width, tracheid microfibril angle and significant differences(P < 0.05)in parenchyma proportion between the plus trees from the two locations. There were 12 significant phenotype correlations among 10 wood properties data. Conclusion All the 10 characters assayed are continual quantitative. The data of tracheid length, tracheid width and length-width ratios of tracheid of early wood and late wood increase from heartwood to sapwood. The heartwood ratio and individual volume are both important economic characters. There are very significant positive correlation (P < 0.01) between heartwood ratio and xylem ray proportion, and significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) between the individual volume and axially parenchyma proportion. The volume of individual tree does not correlate significantly with the wood basic density, which makes it possible to the genetic improvement of volume combined with wood properties of red-heart Chinese fir.
Ecophysiological Responses of Lindera obtusiloba to Rainfall Reduction in Baotianman Nature Reserve
CHEN Zhi-cheng, LU Hai-bo, LIU Xiao-jing, LIU Chang, LIU Shi-rong, WAN Xian-chong
2017, 30(3): 430-435. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.010
Abstract:
Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the reason why Lindera obtusiloba Bl.Mus.Bot.in Baotianman Mountain showed dieback based on the perspective of water and carbon. Method Three rainfall-intercepted plots were established at the forest in Baotianman Mountain in April 2013. The hydraulic characteristics and nonstructural carbohydrate of L. obtusiloba were measured during the drought period of August, 2014. Result (1) The rainfall reduction caused a lot of shoot dieback of L. obtusiloba. The maximum vessel length of L. obtusiloba was about 60 cm and the water potential causing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50) was-1.43 MPa, and thus, the xylem vulnerability to cavitation was very large. After being treated with the interception of rainfall for more than one year, in comparison with the control, the net photosynthetic rate, pre-dawn water potential and midday water potential significantly decreased, the percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity significantly increased in the dry period, and terribly its hydraulic safety margin was negative. (2) In addition, the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf area, vessel diameter, sapwood specific conductivity and leaf specific hydraulic conductivity significantly decreased, the Huber value and the vessel density significantly increased compared with the control. However, there were no significant differences in the soluble sugar, starch and total nonstructural carbohydrate of leaf, phloem and xylem between the rainfall-intercepted trees and the control. Conclusion The results indicate that L. obtusiloba dieback in the rainfall-intercepted plots is attributed to hydraulic failure rather than carbon starvation, and the variation of transpiration area and hydraulic conduction system after treated with rainfall interception indicate that L. obtusiloba has to some degree drought acclimation performances in drought circumstance, but the adaptive adjustment is not enough to prevent L. obtusiloba from dieback.
Carbon Accounting of Chinese Fir Plantation in Huitong, Hu'nan Province
LI Juan, BAI Yan-feng, PENG Yang, JIANG Chun-qian, WANG Si-long, SUN Rui, XU Rui
2017, 30(3): 436-443. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.011
Abstract:
Objective By determining the forest management reference level to measure and account the eligible carbon sink. Method Using the methodology of Improved Forest Management in Voluntary Carbon Standard for Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use Projects (AFOLU-VCS) to account the carbon stock and sink of Huitong of Hu'nan Province. Four carbon stocks in aboveground, underground, dead wood and wood products of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) planted in 1983 and 1990 were estimated, and the force majeure was also taken into consideration. Result A comparison on the Chinese fir plantation planted in 1983 and 1990 shows that the carbon stock change and carbon sink significantly increase after forest management activities. The eligible carbon sinks of Chinese fir plantation planted in 1983 and 1990 are 606.59 t CO2-eq and 881.06 t CO2-eq, respectively. The effects of forest management intensity on the carbon sink of 30-years-old and 23-years-old stands are significantly different. Conclusion Based on the data of first-and second-generation Chinese fir plantation in Huitong Forest Ecological Experiment Station, the reference level to account the carbon sink is established. The result showed the eligible carbon sink of the latter is 30t CO2-eq·hm-2 higher than that of the former.
Predicting Potential Geographic Suitable Regions of Macadamia integrifolia Based on MaxEnt
WANG Wei, TIAN Rong-rong, NA Li-yan, YANG Ying, XU Xin-qiao
2017, 30(3): 444-449. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.012
Abstract:
Objective To predict the potential distribution area of Macadamia integrifolia in China and analyze its suitability. Method The distribution of M. integrifolia and 19 related environmental factors were collected. The potential suitable distribution range of M. integrifolia in the world was analyzed by the softwares MaxEnt and ArcGIS. Result The results showed that the growth areas is very narrow, and this species is demanding on the growth environment.In the world, macadamia nuts is suitable to growth in eastern Australia, southeast of South America and the eastern part of Madagascar Island, but the suitable area are mainly located in the range of latitude 23°26'~30° N and longitude 73°~122°E in Asia. In China, the suitable distribution areas for M. integrifolia are mainly concentrated in Xizang, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan. The highly suitable area in the province mentioned above are: Xizang (15 359 km2), Taiwan (14 054 km2), Guangdong (7 372 km2), Guangxi (6 147 km2) and Yunnan (3 776 km2). Jackknife analysis showed that five environmental factors (maximum temperature of the warmest month, mean annual temperature range, precipitation of the driest month, temperature seasonality, Isothermality) have obvious influence on M. integrifolia distributions. Conclusion In general, MaxEnt accurately simulated the geographical distribution of M. integrifolia. It showed the basic pattern of geographic distribution and the potential distribution areas, and clarified the dominant bioclimatic factors to geographic distribution of M. integrifolia. The results provide references for M. integrifolia introduction and extension in China.
Analysis of Vertical Structure Characteristics for Spruce-Fir Over-cutting Forest
CHEN Ke-yi, ZHANG Hui-ru, LEI Xiang-dong, LOU Ming-hua, LU Jun
2017, 30(3): 450-459. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.013
Abstract:
Objective To further understand the status and development tendency of spruce-fir over-cutting forest more by quantitative analysis of the vertical structure characteristics for spruce-fir over-cutting forest in Jin'gouling Forest Farm of Jilin Province. Method Based on the 12 Spruce-fir over-cutting forest sample plots with area of 1 hm2, the stands were divided into upper, middle and lower layers according to the canopy competition height (CCH) in stand. Each layer was used to analyze the distribution of diameter at breast height (DBH), the species composition, the segregation, the competition and the distribution pattern by the investigation data. Result (1) The effect of the CCH method is reasonable. The CCH, the mean DBH and the volume showed extremely significant difference at 0.01 levels. (2) The diameter distribution shifted from the reverse "J" shape distribution to left-skewed unimodal distribution with the increase of the height of storey. The difference of peaks between upper and middle layer was great. (3) The difference of tree species composition in each layer was little, but the proportion of volume of the coniferous species in the lower layer was on the low side. (4) The upper layer was more likely to be higher on the mingling, and the variation tendency of mingling was different with the increase of the forest storey for different tree species. (5) The average competition pressure of the forest storey decreased gradually with the increase of the forest storey, and the variation tendency of the competition pressures of the tree species with the changes of forest stories was basically consistent with the overall average change trend. But in different forest storeys, the species with different growth habits had different competitiveness. (6) Most of the forest storey followed the aggregative and randomly distribution, the upper layer was more likely to occur in a random distribution, and the lower layer was more likely to occur in an aggregation distribution. Conclusion Based on the comprehensive analysis, it is find that the stand is still in the progress of restoration succession. By this method it is enable for us to more comprehensively understand and describe the status and future development direction of the over-cutting forest structure, which can provide a reference for the sustainable management of over-cutting forest in Changbaishan Mountain area of China.
Effects of Temperature Treatment on Flower Bud Differentiation and Development of Dendrobium
ZHENG Bao-qiang, DENG Xi-mei, LI Kui, MIAO Kun, WANG Yan
2017, 30(3): 460-464. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.014
Abstract:
Objective To understand the rule of Dendrobium flower bud differentiation and study the effects of temperature treatment on flower bud differentiation and development, so as to provide technical support for the regulation of Dendrobium flowering. Method The process of flower bud differentiation and development was observed by the method of paraffin cut and the difference was studied under the conditions of 26/21℃, 22/17℃ and 18/13℃. Result The results showed that the flower bud differentiation process could be divided into 7 phases: dormant phase, germination phase, inflorescence primordium differentiation phase, flower differentiation phase, sepal differentiation phase, petal differentiation phase, and column differentiation phase. Flower bud differentiation of Dendrobium could not happen under the high temperature of 26/21℃, it could complete the flower bud differentiation under 22/17℃ in 56 days, and under 18/13℃ in 35 days. Conclusion The key to the flower bud differentiation is the the duration of low temperature. The germination phase is highly sensitive to temperature, which will form flower bud after experiencing at least 2 weeks' low temperature, otherwise forming high bud. After flower bud differentiation, higher temperature is advantageous to the development of flower bud.
Light Response of Phyllostachys edulis under Drought Stress: Based on 4 Models
NI Xia, CAO Yong-hui, ZHOU Ben-zhi, LU Xiao-zhen, ZHOU Yan
2017, 30(3): 465-471. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.015
Abstract:
Objective In order to find out the best light-response curve model of photosynthesis and quantify the effects of drought stress on photosynthetic light response, the photosynthetic characteristics of Phyllostachys edulis under drought stress were investigated, and the advantages and disadvantages of each model were analyzed in the paper. Method The light-response curves of photosynthesis were measured using Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system. The light-response curves were fitted by four light response curve models of photosynthesis. Result (1) The coefficient of determination R2 of each model was greater than 0.995 in drought and control conditions, which indicated that the fitting accuracy was high. According to each parameters, the best fitting model was the modified rectangular hyperbolic model, with the average RE value was 0.07, while the worst fitting model was index model, with the average RE value was 0.767. (2) Estimating several photosynthetic parameters by the modified rectangular hyperbolic model, the Rd, LCP and WUE under drought stress were 1.57 times, 1.66 times and 1.06 times higher than that of the control environment, respectively. However, under drought stress, Pnmax, LSP and AQY decreased by 3.6%, 17.6% and 4.8%, respectively. Conclusion The fitted results show that the modified rectangular hyperbolic model > rectangular hyperbolic model> non-rectangular hyperbolic model> index model. When comparing the photosynthetic parameters under drought and control conditions, Ph. edulis has good photosynthetic adaptive response to drought stress.
Effects of Different Rootstock Varieties on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Walnut
LI Li, ZHOU Bei-bei, XU Hui-min, ZHANG Jun-pei, PEI Dong
2017, 30(3): 472-478. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.016
Abstract:
Objective By grafting same variety to different root stocks to reveal the rootstock characteristics of walnut hybrid Zhongningqi and to clarify the rootstock status and roles in the economic forest breeding and cultivation production. Method Taking two scionstock combinations of Shangsong-14/Zhongningqi and Shangsong-14/Ningyou as the trial materials, the growth and photosynthesis characteristic indexes were measured and compared. Result The result of grafting compatibility survey showed that the graft survival rate of the two rootstocks grafted the same walnut variety was higher, but no significant difference was found between them. The result of growth characteristics survey showed that the indexes of tree height, tree diameter, crown breadth, shoot length, shoot diameter and the amount of lateral branches of Shangsong-14/Zhongningqi were significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of Shangsong-14/Ningyou. Zhongningqi, as a root stock, could significantly enhance the growth potential of the walnut scion. In terms of photosynthetic characteristics, there were significant differences among parameters of light response curves between the two scionstock combinations. The maximum net photosynthetic rate (21.93 μmol·m-2·s-1), light saturation point (1 550 μmol·m-2·s-1) and apparent quantum yield (0.062 mol·mol-1) of Shangsong-14/Zhongningqi were significantly higher (+17.90%, +11.51% and +16.98%) compared with that of Shangsong-14/Ningyou. But the light compensation point of Shangsong-14/Zhongningqi was 35.33% lower. Conclusion The walnut hybrid Zhongningqi has strong grafting compatibility with walnut varieties. As the root stock, Zhongningqi can significantly enhance the growth potential and photosynthetic capacity of walnut tree, it can also enlarge the light range and improve the adaptability of light environment.
Study on Height-diameter Relationship in Each Stratum of Typical Natural Broadleaved Forests in Mid-subtropics
ZHUANG Chong-yang, HUANG Qing-lin, MA Zhi-bo, ZHENG Qun-rui, WANG Hong
2017, 30(3): 479-485. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.017
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the height-diameter relationship in strata (including the whole stand and every stratum) of typical natural broad-leaved forests in mid-subtropics. Method The Schumacher (S) model and Curtis (C) model were chosen to fit the height-diameter relationship in strata of all plots based on the data of typical natural broad-leaved forest in mid-subtropics. Result The results showed that both the S model and C model could fit the whole stand (R2>0.86) and stratum Ⅲ(R2>0.58) well, and the RMSE and AMR were small. But both the S model and C model could not fit the stratum Ⅰ and Ⅱ well, the R2 were small, almost stayed and their values were between 0.2 and 0.3. Because of the bigger R2, smaller RMSE and ARM, the C model was selected to compare the height-diameter relations in each stratum, and the bigger AMR would be brought when using the whole stand height-diameter model to estimate the height in each stratum (except the whole stand); although the R2 of the height-diameter model in stratification was small, the AMR of them were smaller than the model of the whole stand, indicating that the error was smaller when using height-diameter model of stratification to estimate the height in appropriate stratum. Conclusion It is proved that the research on height-diameter relationship in of forest in strata is both necessary and significant.
Variations of Evapotranspiration and Water Yield in a Post-clearcutting Riparian Poplar Plantation
GAO Sheng-hua, TANG Yu-xi, TANG Jie, TANG Xue-jun, TIAN Tian, YI Hong-bo, CHEN Zhu-qu, ZHANG Xu-dong
2017, 30(3): 486-493. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.017.03.018
Abstract:
Objective To reveal the effects of clearcutting a poplar plantation at the floodplain of Yangtze River on evapotranspiration (ET) and water yield (WY). Method Based on 3-years'consecutive observation data of water vapor flux from a poplar plantation on the floodplain of Yangtze River during the years before and after clearcutting by eddy covariance system, the variation of ET post-clearcutting was investigated by comparing the ETs in two periods (a whole year before and after clearcutting, respectively) with similar weather conditions. Then the variation of WY post-clearcutting was calculated by water balance. Result (1) After clearcutting, both soil temperature and ground water level increased obviously while the soil water content decreased by about 0.03. (2) The ETs before and post clearcutting had the similar seasonal and diurnal dynamics; Nevertheless, the annual ET post-clearcutting was only 66.3% of that before clearcutting. (3) The WY ratio (WY/precipitation) increased from 0.53 to 0.62 after clearcutting. (4) The dryness index (potential ET/precipitation) was larger than 1 in July, August, and December, while less than 1 in other months in both before and post clearcutting period. Conclusion Clearcutting a poplar plantation on the floodplain of Yangtze River leads to a decrease of ET and an increase of WY ratio. As a result, it is less likely to intensify regional drought in summer, but the capacity of the floodplain for flood peak clipping during flooding would also decline.
Characteristics of Carbon Components in Soil Humus and Enzyme Activities in Degraded Pastureland Shelterbelts
CHEN Li-xin, LI Gang, LI Shao-bo, SONG Zhi-tao, DUAN Wen-biao
2017, 30(3): 494-502. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.019
Abstract:
Objective This study aims at discussing the effect of the pastureland shelterbelts with different structural configurations and different stand ages on the characteristics of carbon components in soil humus and enzyme activities, and the relationship between them. Method Comparative analysis is used to research the characteristics of soil humus carbon fraction and soil enzyme activity of the degenerated pastureland shelterbelt and the pastureland without forest (control) for different stand age and configuration types (grid-shaped, belt-shaped, and sparse-shaped types). Result In the soil at a distance of 0 m from 15-year-old grid-shaped pastureland shelterbelt, the soil organic matter (SOM), total contents of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA), HA carbon fraction, FA carbon fraction, humin, the activity of catalase, polyhenol oxidase, urease, protease and phosphatase, were 70.26%, 120.97%, 73.76%, 139.84%, 51.80%, 85.00%, 42.17%, 94.65%, 53.77%, 49.81% higher compared with the control; as comparison with belt-shaped, sparse-shaped pastureland shelterbelt, non-significant difference was observed in SOM, FA carbon fraction, humin, saccharase, protease, and phosphatase, but significant difference was found in the other indicators measured. As for the grid-shaped pastureland shelterbelt, the FA carbon fraction, humin, polyhenol oxidase, urease in the soil increased with the stand age in the 1st to 5th year, then slowly decreased in the age of 5~15, and sharply declined afterward. The SOM, humin, and polyhenol oxidase activity at a distance of 50 m from grid-shaped pastureland shelterbelt were higher than those at a distance of 0 m and 100 m, moreover, lower at a distance of 100 m than those at a distance of 0 m. The other indicators mainly decreased over the increasing distance from grid-shaped pastureland shelterbelt. There was no significant difference for partial indicators as comparison with the control, its soil melioration benefit nearly disappeared. Total carbon contents of HA and FA were significantly positively correlated with the catalase, polyhenol oxidase, urease, and phosphatase. There was a highly significant positive correlation between HA and protease. HA was highly positively correlated with the catalase, saccharase, urease, and phosphatase. There was significantly negative correlation between humin and saccharase. Conclusion There is a definite correlation between total carbon content of HA and FA, HA, FA, humin, respectively. The FA carbon fraction, humin, polyhenol oxidase and urease activities in the soil are the best when the stand age of the grid-shaped pastureland shelterbelt is 5. The analysis on the most soil humus carbon components and soil enzyme activities improved by the shelterbelt suggests that the distance between the shelterbelts of the grid-shaped pastureland shelterbelts should be less than 200 m. Therefore, it is suggested that less than 200 m distance between shelterbelts should be used as main configuration type of pastureland shelterbelts when they are established in the future.
Change of Leaf Color of Four Liquidambar formosana Families under Different Environmental Conditions
WANG Dong-xue, DE Yong-jun, SHI Xiang, SHI Jiu-xi
2017, 30(3): 503-510. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.020
Abstract:
Objective To investigated the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of leaf colorization of four Liquidambar formosana families under different environmental conditions in order to provide guidance for the breeding of L. formosana. Method The change of the chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin and soluble sugar content in L. formosana leaf were assessed. The relationship between meteorological factors and the contents was also discussed. Result The results showed that the leaf of L. formosana was gradually changed from green to red or dark red during the experiment. In addition, the change of leaf color of 4 L. formosana families showed significant difference. Some was dark red, whereas, another was yellow green. The chlorophyll content of L. formosana decreased during the experiment in a whole. The changing trend of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid were similar to the total chlorophyll content. The anthocyanin content increased significantly. The content of soluble sugar in L. formosana increased to different degrees. Correlation analysis showed that the anthocyanin content was positive correlated to the soluble sugar content. However, the anthocyanin content was negative correlated to the chlorophyll content, average temperature, and average humidity. Significant differences in the changes of chlorophyll content, carotenoid, anthocyanin, soluble sugar and red area of the leaf were found among families under different environmental conditions. Conclusion The change of leaf color of L. formosana families showed different tendency under different environmental conditions, while significant difference of the change of leaf color under the same condition was also observed. The difference of temperature and the change of pigment ratio in the leaf resulted in the change of leaf color.
Scientific Notes
Impacts of Thinning Intensities on Growth and Stand Structure of Schima superba-Sprouting Cuninghamia lanceolata Mixed Plantation
YAO Jia-bao, ZENG Ping-sheng, YUAN Xiao-ping, WU Jian-guo, CHU Xiu-li, ZHOU Zhi-chun
2017, 30(3): 511-517. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.021
Abstract:
Objective In order to improve the cultivation technology of large-size timber, and increase the production value of Schima superba-sprouting Cuninghamia lanceolata mixed plantation, a thinning experiment was carried out to analyze the impacts of thinning intensities on stand growth and structure, so as to single out the suitable thinning intensity for S. superba-sprouting C. lanceolata mixed plantation and provide guidance for cultivating large-size S. superba timber. Method Taking 16-years-old S. superb-sprouting C. lanceolata mixed plantation as the object, five thinning intensity, i.e. light (15%), mediumⅠ (30%), mediumⅡ (35%), heavy (60%)and the control (0%)were selected to study the increment of DBH, height, volume and stand structure under different thinning intensities. Result (1) Six years after thinning, the mean DBH and individual volume of both S. superba and C. lanceolata under all the thinning intensities increased. Under the intensity of mediumⅡ, the growth was the fastest, which was about 28.5% and 78.2% higher than that of the control group respectively, the increment was about 243.9% and 326.7% higher than the control. The DBH growth of C. lanceolata was a little lower than that of S. superba at the corresponding parameter values except under heavy thinning. (2) Since the amount of tree reduced after thinning, the volumes of stand and C. lanceolata decreased on a certain of degree, but that of the S. superb showed a significant increase. The individual volume of S. superba under mediumⅡ, mediumⅠ, and light thinning intensity was respectively 132.3%, 112.5% and 139.8% of the control. (3) With the increase of thinning intensity, the peak of diameter distribution of S. superba and C. lanceolata stepped into the larger diameter level. The distribution curve of S. superba diameters was sharp and left-skewed, and its large diameter classes were multi and concentrated, which could accomplish the purpose of large-size timber cultivation. Conclusion For S. superba-Sprouting C. lanceolata mixed plantation with high density, it is appropriate to take the heavy thinning measure, i.e. the thinning intensity about 35%, and the stand density of 1 780 plants·hm-2 (S. superba : C. lanceolata ≈ 1:2). Keeping the stand volume from decrease and promoting the rapid growth of DBH and individual volume of S. superba to realize the goal of large-size timber cultivation.
Early Selection of Betula alnoides Clones and Their Growth Rhythm in Western Yunnan, China
HUANG Jia-cong, GUO Jun-jie, ZENG Jie
2017, 30(3): 518-524. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.022
Abstract:
Objective To Study the early growth variation and rhythm of Betula alnoides clones so as to further understand their growth properties and adaptability, and provide scientific evidences for clone selection and establishment of fast-growing and high-yielding B. alnoides plantations. Method The height and diameter at breast height (DBH) were investigated monthly in a three-year-old clone test plantation with 20 clones involved in western Yunnan, and the growth variance among clones was assessed. These clones were then divided into several types using clustering analysis, the growth rhythm was further demonstrated for each type of clones by sequence clustering analysis. The main meteorological factors influencing growth rhythm were discussed by correlation analysis. Result Significant differences were observed in height and DBH among the 20 clones (P < 0.01), these clones could be divided into three types as fast-, moderate-and slow-growing clones. Clones B3, A10, Q3, Q4 and Q2 belong to the fast-growing type, with the height and DBH increment over 2 m and 2 cm per year, respectively. These 5 clones showed their growth advantages not only in fast growing stage, and but also better performed in slow-growing stages. They kept higher growth speed longer than the clones of moderate-and slow-growthing types. The growth rhythm was almost the same for all the three types of clone. The peak of height growth occurred from July to September, and the nadirs occurred in April and December. For DBH growth, there were two peaks in May and October, and two nadirs in August and December, respectively, while the DBH grew the slowest in August due to the least sunshine hours in this month. Conclusion Clones B3, A10, Q3, Q4 and Q2 grow fast in western Yunnan, and are of high potential for plantation. It is also recommended that management measures such as tending and fertilization should be taken before the peak of height and DBH growth, for example, May and September, so as to facilitate the tree growth.
Effects of Browning Inhibitors on Bud Explants Browning and Phenolic Acids Oxidation of Magnolia sieboldii K. Koch
GAO Hong-bing, DU Feng-guo, WANG Huan
2017, 30(3): 525-532. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.023
Abstract:
Objective To identify the types of phenolic acids that result in bud explants browning of Magnolia sieboldii and determine the most effective anti-browning agent at an optimum concentration. Method Bud explants were cultured in B5 medium for 30 days. At the beginning, three kinds of anti-browning agents were added separately to the B5 medium. The browning rates were calculated and analyzed. Then the effects of the three inhibitors on anti-browning were compared on the basis of the browning rates. In addition, the content variations of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid in the bud explants were measured with HPLC using samples regularly selected during tissue culturing. Result The results showed that the contents of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid decreased sharply while the content of p-coumaric acid experienced a slight decrease, proving that caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid were more likely to be oxidized than p-coumaric acid. Moreover, the effects of the three inhibitors on anti-browning were sorted in a decreasing order of VC, PVP, and CA. Although PVP was inferior to CA with respect to controlling phenolic acid oxidation, its anti-browning effect was more efficient than CA. This result was explained by their different mechanisms for anti-browning. Lastly, the optimal concentration for VC was 500 mg·L-1, and a higher concentration would result in a greater browning rate of the bud explants. Respective optimal concentrations for PVP and CA were 1 000~1 500 mg·L-1 and 300 mg·L-1. Conclusion The browning substrates in bud explants of M. sieboldii are caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid rather than p-coumaric acid. VC, PVP, and CA have distinguishable anti-browning mechanisms and the anti-browning effects of them will decrease gradually.