• 中国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库来源期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊(CJCR)
  • 第二届国家期刊奖提名奖

2020 Vol. 33, No. 2

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2020, 33(2)
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2020, 33(2): 1-1.
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Monomer Structural Stability of a Tau Class Glutathione Transferase (PtGSTU1) from Pinus tabulaeformis
WANG Xiao-xia, YANG Hai-ling, MAO Jian-feng, WANG Xiao-ru
2020, 33(2): 1-8. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.001
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[Objective] To study the relationship between structure stability and function of PtGSTU1. [Method] Homology modeling was used to simulate the three-dimensional structure of PtGSTU1. It is proposed that arginine (Arg18) in N-terminal domain and aspartic acid 103 (Asp103) in C-terminal domain are capable of forming a hydrogen bond to stabilize the protein monomer structure. Arg18 and Asp103 were mutated to amino acid residues with different polarities and conformations, respectively, using site-directed mutagenesis, and the catalytic activity and structural stability of the mutants were examined. [Result] None of all the six Arg18 mutants could obtain high-purity soluble protein with the correct folding, while Asp103 mutant could be expressed as a soluble protein whose catalytic activity and structure stability to different substrates were significantly lower than those of the wild type. The catalytic rate ( V max) of Asp103 mutant to classical substrates CDNB and GSH was reduced by 8/9 at least, and the catalytic efficiency ( k cat / K m) to the substrate was also significantly reduced. [Conclusion] The results proves that as the C-terminal domains are more variable than N-terminal domains in plant GST proteins, there may be some other amino acid sites in the C-terminal domains that can form hydrogen bonds with the arginine to stabilize the protein monomer.
Responses of δ13C Value of Cellulose in Tree Ring of Chinese Fir Provenances to Annual Climate Factors
LIU Xiao-ying, DUAN Ai-guo, ZHANG Jian-guo, ZHANG Xiong-qing, ZHU An-ming
2020, 33(2): 9-18. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.002
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Objective Trying to explain the response of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) provenances to various climatic factors by analyzing the correlation between stable carbon isotope value in the cellulose of Chinese fir and the climatic factors. Method The δ13C value of cellulose of 30 provenances was extracted and measured from the experimental forest farm of Chinese fir in Liuzhou, Guangxi. The δ13C value, the tree ring, the precipitation, the mean temperature, the minimum air temperature, the maximum air temperature, the mean relative humidity, the minimum relative humidity, the sunshine hours and the humidity index in the current year, the first year and the first two years were analyzed. Result The variation range of δ13C value of tree ring of different Chinese fir provenances during 1987—2013 was -20.997‰--25.910‰, showing strong first-order autocorrelation, the correlation coefficient was 0.181-0.866. The δ13C value of tree ring of different Chinese fir provenances was significantly and positively correlated with the mean temperature, the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature (p<0.05), and positively correlated with sunshine hours. There was a significantly negative correlation between the δ13C value and the mean and minimum relative humidity (p<0.01), but no obvious correlation with the precipitation and wetness index. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that 26 out of the 30 Chinese fir provenances had linear relationship with the minimum relative humidity of the current year. Conclusion The minimum relative humidity is the dominant climatic factor affecting the δ13C value of cellulose in the tree ring of Chinese fir provenances, which has little dependence on the precipitation. The response of δ13C in Chinese fir tree ring to climate factors has obvious lag effect. The study may provide reference for the cultivation and management of Chinese fir.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Cotoneaster buxifolius in Yunnan Province Based on Phenotype Characters and ISSR Marker
ZHU Yan-lei, GUO Feng-gen
2020, 33(2): 19-26. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.003
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Objective To reveal the level of genetic diversity of wild populations of Cotoneaster buxifolius Lindl. from the viewpoints of phenotypic traits and molecular marker. Method 33 phenotypic traits and ISSR primers were used to investigate the genetic diversity of wild populations of C. buxifolius in Yunnan. The diversity indices were calculated by PopGen software and the phylogenetic trees were constructed by SPSS 16.0 software. Result The analysis of numeric traits indicated that the average coefficient of variation of leaf length and leaf width was 25.99%. The variation of three related traits of calyx lobes was 40.66%, and the difference was significant. In total 228 bands were detected by 24 ISSR primers, 153 of them were polymorphic and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 81.56%. The Nei’s gene diversity index was 0.352 0 while the Shannon diversity index was 0.505 9. These data indicated that there was abundant genetic diversity in C. buxifolius. The 2 phylogenetic trees based on phenotypic traits and ISSR markers by UPGMA were similar. Most populations in the same distribution areas were classified into the same group, while a few populations did not combine with other populations in the same distribution areas. This phenomenon indicated that the geographical isolation promoted genetic differentiation and there were convergent evolutions due to the similar micro-habitat. Conclusion The C. buxifolius in Yunnan shows the higher level of genetic diversity. The inter-specific relationship and distribution of C. buxifolius populations are closely related to geographical location and altitude.
Effect of Extreme Snowfall on Soil Respiration of Plantations in North Subtropics-Warm Temperature Transition Zone
ZAN Zhi-man, LIU Yan-chun, LIU Yin-zhan, XUAN Juan, ZHAO Wei
2020, 33(2): 27-34. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.004
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Objective To study the effect of extreme snowfall on soil respiration of plantations in north subtropics-warm temperate transition zone. Method A controlled experiment including snow addition, natural snowfall and snow remove was conducted in a plantation after a heavy snowfall in January 2018 in Xinyang, He'nan Province. The soil respiration variations under different treatments were measured with LI-8100 in different snow cover depths. The soil temperature, soil moisture, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, and soil available nitrogen contents were detected to determine the relationships between soil respiration and environmental factors. Result The results showed that the snow addition significantly elevated soil temperature in the earlier stage of the experiment. However, the soil temperature under snow addition treatment was significantly lower than that in the control during the middle and later stage, and across the whole experiment, respectively. Snow addition elevated the soil respiration rate by 21.57%, but snow remove did not affect the soil respiration. The change of snowfall did not affect the contents of microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and soil available nitrogen. The elevated soil respiration was mainly ascribed to the elevation of soil temperature in the early stage of the experiment. Conclusion Extreme snowfall may increase soil respiration rate in plantations in the climate transitional zone, but it is affected by snowfall. The snowfall with the depth of about 30 cm will not significantly affect soil respiration rate. If snow depth continues to increase, the soil carbon emission rate will increase. In addition, the impact of snow depth on soil respiration at different stages of snowmelt is not consistent, and the impact of snow on soil respiration mainly occurs before the snow melts completely. This study can provide partial data supporting the establishment of ecosystem carbon cycle model under climate change scenario.
Effect of Ramet Age on Nitrogen Clonal Integration of Phyllostachys violascens Based on Stoichiometric Characteristics of C, N and P
ZHANG Chao, GU Rui, CHEN Shuang-lin, SHI Jun-shuai, GUO Zi-wu, LIU Jun, HE Qi-jiang
2020, 33(2): 35-42. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.005
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Objective To study the response mechanism of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometric characteristics of different age ramets of Phyllostachys violascens to nitrogen clonal integration, and to explore the suitable age of bamboo for fertilization, so as to provide references for precise and reduced fertilization in Ph. violascens forest. Method The clonal integration unit consisting of 1-year-old and 2-year-old ramets of Ph. violascens was studied. Three nitrogen addition levels (4.07 mol N·L−1; 8.13 mol N·L−1; 12.20 mol N·L−1) were set up by injecting 15NH415NO3 into the bamboo cavity of different age ramets. The contents of C, N and P in leaves of 1-2-year-old bamboo were measured on time gradient, and the differences of N integration direction and transmission efficiency among ramets of different ages were discussed. Result Clonal ramets of Ph. violascens showed strong N conduction function. 1-year-old bamboo partly transmitted N to 2-year-old bamboo, while 2-year-old bamboo transferred N to 1-year-old bamboo as much as possible. Therefore, the N transmission capacity of 2-year-old bamboo was significantly stronger than that of 1-year-old bamboo. In addition, it showed time effect and N concentration effect to some extent. Low or high N concentration weakened the N transmission capacity. The middle N concentration in the experiment showed an "inflection point" of significant changes in the integration function. Nitrogen treatment of 1-year-old and 2-year-old bamboo could improve the nutrient utilization efficiency of N and P in the leaves of connected ramets, and weakened with the increase of N concentration and treatment time, but both of them could maintain relatively stable N/P and regulate the contents of C, N and P in leaves and their stoichiometric ratios adaptively. Conclusion Nitrogen clonal integration of Ph. violascens has obvious ramet age effect. It is advisable to select 2-year-old bamboo for plant-hole fertilization, which can greatly improve the fertilizer utilization rate and significantly reduce the amount of fertilizer used.
DNA Extraction and COI Gene Amplification of Lymantria dispar Specimens
XU Yao, WANG Hong-bin, WANG Mei, LI Guo-hong
2020, 33(2): 43-53. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.006
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Objective The preservation and DNA extraction methods for Lymantria dispar specimens were discussed, and the effects of storage time and preservation methods of L. dispar specimens on amplification of gene sequences were analyzed. Method Genomic DNA of L. dispar specimens (dried adult, formalin-fixed larval and fresh larval specimens) was extracted by SDS method, the magnetic bead method, and the E.Z.N.A.TM Insect DNA extraction kit. Moreover, the concentration and purity of extracted genomic DNA obtained by the three methods were analyzed and compared. The L. dispar specimens collected from 1956 to 1996 were used to analyze and compared the effects of storage time and preservation methods on the amplification success rate of 15 pairs of COI (cytochrome oxidase subunit I) gene primers (the length of the target fragment is 216 bp to 977 bp). Result The results showed that the concentration and purity of extracted genomic DNA by E.Z.N.A.TMInsect DNA extraction kit was the highest compared with the SDS method and the magnetic bead method. And the specimens' DNA was not damaged during the extraction process. The amplification success rate of specimens with longer storage time was reduced. Moreover, the overall amplification success rate of formalin-fixed larval specimens was slightly higher than that of dried adult specimens. Conclusion The E.Z.N.A. TM Insect DNA extraction kit is more suitable for DNA extraction of L. dispar specimens (dried adult, formalin-fixed larval and fresh larval specimens). The amplification of gene sequences is affected by the storage time and preservation method of L. dispar specimens.
Studies on Flowering Biological Characteristics of Pleioblastus pygmaeus
FU Hua-jun, FAN Ting-ting, YANG Meng, WAN Ya-wen, DING Yu-long, LIN Shu-yan
2020, 33(2): 54-60. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.007
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Objective To study the flowering biological characteristics and pollen morphology of Pleioblastus pygmaeus. Method Sample plots were selected for continuous observation and record among flowering P. pygmaeus. By morphological observation and scanning electron microscopy, the inflorescence and pollen of P. pygmaeus were observed for the purpose of evaluating the population and individual changes of P. pygmaeus at different flowering stages. Result P. pygmaeus belongs to the type of flowering wholly, parts of bamboo culms would died after blossoming. It is possible for the flowering P. pygmaeus to blossom from shoot buds to old culm buds. Flower buds differentiate in late October and flourish from late March to early April. It blooms most in the morning. The flowers are opened from the base to the top in a spikelet. Glumous flowers are monochogamy, 1 glumelle and 1 lemma, 3 lodicules, 3 stamens, 1 pistil, and fruit is caryopsis. Pollen grains are spheroidal, exine is roughness, 1 aperture. Conclusion P. pygmaeus is a kind of dwarf mixed bamboo, tending to decline after flowering, its development is slow at the early stage, and accelerates after the temperature warming up in the next year. Though it has a certain natural rejuvenation ability because it can be reproduced by seeds, but artificial planting with seeds is also necessary.
Thinning and Tending of Natural Secondary Forest of Quercus mongolica Based on Volume Growth Rate
QUAN Feng, ZHOU Chao-fan, DUAN Guang-shuang, HU Xue-fan, ZHANG Hui-ru, LEI Xiang-dong
2020, 33(2): 61-68. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.008
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Objective To discuss the suitable thinning scheme for different age groups of Quercus mongolica, and provide some reference for thinning and tending of natural secondary forest of Q. mongolica in Jilin Province. Method Based on the data of the 5 forest resources inventories in Jilin Province, the young, middle-aged and near-mature forests of Q. mongolica were screened and five grades of volume thinning intensity were set: intensity 1 (0~10%), intensity 2 (10%~20%), intensity 3 (20%~30%), intensity 4 (30%~40%) and intensity 5 (40%~50%). By comparing the non-thinning stands, this paper studied the change rule of volume growth rate of different age groups at different thinning intensities in each observation intervals (5, 10, 15 and 20 years) after thinning. Result (1) The variations of volume growth rate changed with thinning intensity in different periods after cutting are as follows. For young forests the growth rate was flat at first, then rose rapidly, and declined rapidly in the end; For middle-aged forests, the growth rate rose slowly at first, and then declined rapidly; For near-mature forests that 5 and 10 years after felling, the growth rate rose rapidly and was flat in the end; For the near-mature forests that 15 and 20 years after felling, the growth rate rose rapidly at first, then declined rapidly and declined slowly in the end. (2) The ranges of thinning intensity of the peak value in each period after cutting were 20% to 35% for young forest, 15% to 35% for middle-aged forest that 5 and 10 years after cutting, 20% to 40% for middle-aged forest that 15 and 20 years after cutting, 15% to 25% for near-mature forest that 5 and 10 years after cutting. 15% to 35% for near-mature forest that 15 and 20 years after cutting. (3) The mean volume growth rate of young forest with thinning intensity 3 and 4, middle-aged forest with thinning intensity 2, 3, 4, near-mature forest with thinning intensity 2 and 3. (4) The difference in volume growth rate between various thinning intensities and no thinning was getting smaller over time. Conclusion The suitable thinning intensities for natural secondary forest of Q. mongolica in Jilin Province are medium-high intensity (30%~40%) for young forest, medium or medium-high intensity (20%~40%) for middle-aged forest, and medium intensity (20%~30%) for near-mature forest.
The Factors Affecting Carbon Storage in Degraded Forest Ecosystem: A Case Study from Daxing'anling Areas of Inner Mongolia
HE Xiao, LI Hai-kui, CAO Lei, XU Sheng-lin, LIU Xiao-tong
2020, 33(2): 69-76. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.009
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Objective To determine the factors affecting carbon storage in degraded forest ecosystem and provide references for the restoration of carbon sink function. Method Based on the survey data, and considering the stand factor and abiotic environmental factors (terrain factors and climatic factors), the variance analysis of stepwise regression and structural equation model method (SEM) were used to study the factors of carbon sequestration. Result Two methods obtained basically consistent results: R2 from the variance analysis method was 0.890. The average diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree number density among the stand characteristics, the monthly mean maximum temperature and monthly mean minimum temperature among the abiotic environment and the disturbance type had significant effects on the stand carbon storage. The stand carbon of R2 derived from SEM was 0.757. For the stand characteristics, the average DBH and tree density affected the stand carbon the most. Tree density had directly positive and indirectly negative effects while among abiotic environment factors, the monthly mean maximum temperature had the indirectly negative effects on the carbon storage of stand. The impact of each variable on stand carbon followed the order of average DBH (0.94) > the monthly mean maximum high temperature (0.52) > tree density (0.12). Conclusion Combining the results of the two methods, it is concluded that in the degraded forest ecosystems, both stand factors and climatic factors have significant impact on stand carbon storage while terrain factor has no significant impact. The results of this study could provide references for studying the carbon storage in Daxing’anling forest area.
Preliminary Study on the Function of Cinnamoyl-CoA Reductase Gene PeCCR of Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)
XU Hao, YANG Ke-bin, ZHU Cheng-lei, LI Ying, GAO Zhi-min
2020, 33(2): 77-84. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.010
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Objective To reveal the effect of cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) gene expression on bamboo lignin, the expression of PeCCR in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) was analyzed, and the gene function of PeCCR was studied, which provided a reference for bamboo breeding using genetic engineering with CCR gene. Method Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the expression of PeCCR in different tissues and the shoots with different heights of moso bamboo. The coding region of PeCCR was cloned by RT-PCR and its overexpression vector was constructed. PeCCR was transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana by floral dip method, and the content of lignin in transgenic plants was determined by bromoacetyl method. Result The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of PeCCR was the highest in the roots of moso bamboo seedling, followed by the shoots, and the lowest in the unexpanded leaves. Under the natural environment, with the increase of bamboo shoot height, the degree of lignification increased, and the gene expression of PeCCR showed an upward trend, reaching the highest in 6.7 m bamboo shoots. The coding region of PeCCR was 1 026 bp, encoding a 341 aa protein with a conserved domain of "KNWYCYGK" unique to the CCR family. Phenotypic analysis showed that compared with the wild type, the leaves of PeCCR transgenic Arabidopsis plants became larger obviously, and the bolting time was 3-4 days earlier. The histochemical staining of stem transverse sections showed that the staining area of xylem and inter-fiber tissue in transgenic plants were larger than that of wild type. The lignin measurement demonstrated that the lignin content of two transgenic lines overexpressing PeCCR1 was significantly higher than that of wild type (123.1% and 116.7% of the wild type control, respectively). Conclusion PeCCR was differently expressed in different tissues of moso bamboo, and it was upregulated in bamboo shoots with increasing height. Overexpression of PeCCR promoted the growth and development of transgenic Arabidopsis plants with increased lignin content.
Cloning and Characterization of Brassinosteriod Biosynthesis-related Gene DET2 in Poplar
LI Ze-hua, DU Juan, HE Xue-jiao, ZHAO Shu-tang, LIU Ying-li, LU Meng-zhu
2020, 33(2): 85-92. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.011
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Objective Brassinosteriods(BRs)as essential plant hormones play crucial roles in plant growth and development. DET2, a 5α-reductase, is considered to catalyze a major rate-limiting in BRs biosynthesis. Study on PagDET2 gene is useful to understand the role of BRs in woody plants. Method In this study, PagDET2, a homologus gene of Arabidopsis AtDET2, was isolated from Poplar 84K (Populus alba × P. glandulosa, ‘84K’). Bioinformatic method was used to sequence alignment and analyze the basic physical, chemical characteristics and evolutionary relationship. Tissue expression patterns in poplar was analyzed by RT-PCR. The over-expression vector was constructed and transformed into poplar 84K. PagDET2-OE and wild-type plants were used to measure the content of BRs in vivo and analyze the role of DET2 in plant growth and stresses resistance. Result The CDS of PagDET2 gene was 774bp, encoding a 257 amino acid protein. The protein sequence of PagDET2 protein were conserved among Populus trichocarpa, Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, cotton, soybean and tomato. Tissue specific expression analysis showed that PagDET2 was detected in root, leaf tissue and stem tissue. Stem tissue of internode 1 to 3 showed the highest expression level among these tissues. The BRs content of poplar was measured by ELISA. DET2 could significantly increase the endogenous BRs content of poplar. Overexpression of DET2 gene can promote plant growth and be more sensitive to salt stress. Conclusion Overexpression of PagDET2 can significantly increase the endogenous BRs content and increase plant growth. PagDET2 may also be involved in the wood formation and internode elongation.
Variation in Morphological Characters and Nutrient Contents of Quercus fabri Fruits from Different Provenances
XIONG Shi-fa, WU Li-wen, CHEN Yi-cun, GAO Ming, ZHOU Xin-hua, WANG Yang-dong
2020, 33(2): 93-102. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.012
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Objective To provide references for breeding and germplasm resources development of Quercus fabri by analyzing the variations of fruit morphology and nutrient composition of Q. fabri from different provenances. Method The fruits of 368 individual plants from 14 Q. fabri provenances were collected, and 4 morphological characteristics and 6 nutrient content indicators of each fruit were measured, then, the statistical analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted. Result (1) There were extremely significant differences in the 4 morphological characteristics of Q. fabri among and within these provenances, and there were significant differences in 6 nutrient contents among provenances. The mean value of Shannon-Wiener (H) of fruit morphology characteristics was 1.839, in which the values of fruit width, fruit length, length-width ratio and 100-grain mass were 1.886, 1.837, 1.832, and 1.801. (2) The results of correlation analysis showed that most of the 10 characteristic parameters had significant or extremely significant correlations, however, only a few of them had significant correlations with geographical and climatic factors. (3) According to the results of Q-type cluster analysis of 10 characteristic parameters, the 14 Q. fabri provenances could be divided into 3 groups. Conclusion There are extremely significant differences in morphological characteristics of Q. fabri fruit within or among provenances, and the difference is greater within provenance than among provenances. There are extremely significant differences in nutrient content among provenances. It shows abundant genetic variations. There is a certain correlation between fruit characteristic parameters and geographic climate factors. Based on the results of cluster analysis and nutrient content analysis, it is proved that the fruit quality of the provenance from Suichang of Zhejiang Province is the best.
Study on the Factors Affecting Adventitious Shoots Proliferation and in vitro Regeneration of Quercus virginiana
SUN Hai-jing, SHI Xiang, CHEN Yi-tai, WANG Shu-feng, XU Qin-di
2020, 33(2): 103-111. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.013
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Objective To study the factors that affect the adventitious buds development and rooting process, so as to develop an efficient in vitro propagation methodological system in live oak (Quercus virginiana). Method Using stem segments as explants, the effects of basal medium, browning control, the origin of explant, and different hormone combinations on cluster buds proliferation and rooting were studied. Result The results showed that the addition of ascorbic acid, sodium thiosulfate, and powdered activated carbon could effectively reduce the browning range of explants compared with the control (p<0.05), among which 3.00 g·L−1 and 5.00 g·L−1 powdered activated carbon were proved to be the most effective. The growth medium screening test showed that more and longer shoots were achieved on the low salt medium with a quarter of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium or woody plant medium (WPM). And the browning was also alleviated with the low salt medium in this study. The highest proliferation rate (6.6 buds per explant) was achieved on a quarter of MS medium supplemented with 1.20 mg·L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) after 40 days. In vitro regenerated shoots were rooted on a quarter of MS medium supplemented with 0.50 mg·L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.50 mg·L−1naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) with the highest rooting rate 53.33% and more lignified roots. The plantlet was transferred to sterile sand after 3-5 days acclimation in greenhouse and 57.78% survival rate was observed finally. Conclusion Based on the repeated experiments during the past three years, it is confirmed that the basal medium composition and the proportion of hormone combination will be the major factors determining the proliferation of adventitious shoots and in vitro regeneration of Q. virginiana. The basal mediums that contain lower concentration of inorganic salt are proved to be favorable not only for the adventitious shoots proliferation, but also for alleviating the browning of explants. It is concluded that the explants from the field are much easier to become brown than that from sterile seedlings.
Dynamics of Groundwater Level and Its Affecting Factors under Different Wetland Vegetation of Lixiahe Plain, Jiangsu Province
HE Dong-mei, WANG Lei, WAN Xin, XU Qing, GAO De-qiang, ZUO Hai-jun
2020, 33(2): 112-117. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.014
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Objective To understand the dynamic characteristics of groundwater level in typical freshwater wetland vegetation in the Lixiahe Plain which is rich in water resources in Jiangsu Province. Method Two groundwater depth monitoring wells were set respectively in two typical freshwater wetland vegetations (Taxodium ascendens coniferous forest and Poplar broadleaved forest) in Lixiahe Plain of Jiangsu province. The monthly and seasonal variation of groundwater level were analyzed based on the long-term observation data of groundwater level. In addition, the temperature and precipitation data of the forests during the hydrological year from September 2016 to August 2017 were also collected. The correlations between the dynamics of groundwater level and the variation of temperature and precipitation were analyzed. Result There were significant differences in the dynamics of groundwater level between the two freshwater wetland vegetations. T. ascendens forest was almost flooded all the year round, and its monthly mean groundwater level was higher than that of Poplar forest. The amplitude of monthly variation of groundwater level in Poplar forest was larger than that of T. ascendens forest, and it showed a seasonal variation. On the seasonal scale, the average groundwater level in T. ascendens forest and Poplar forest in summer was significantly lower than that in other seasons. The effects of precipitation on the variation of groundwater level of the two freshwater wetland vegetations were different. The change of groundwater level in Poplar forest lagged behind the amount of precipitation about one month, while this lag did not appear in T. ascendens forest. The average monthly groundwater level was negatively correlated with the mean monthly temperature in both vegetation types. Conclusion It is concluded that there are differences in the dynamics of groundwater level and the influencing factors between the two types of freshwater wetland vegetation. In Lixiahe Plain with abundant water resources, temperature rather than the precipitation is the key factor affecting the change of groundwater level in the freshwater wetland vegetation.
Correlation Analysis of Different Hazard Periods of Tomicus spp. Based on Hyperspectral Features and Photosynthetic Parameters
LIU Meng-ying, SHI Lei, MA Yun-qiang, ZHANG Zhong-he, LIU Xue-lian, YAO Jun, DU Ting
2020, 33(2): 118-127. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.015
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Objective To establish monitoring models and photosynthetic parameter simulation equations by measuring the hyperspectral data and photosynthetic data of Pinus yunnanensis, so as to effectively and quickly predict the damage period of Tomicus spp. and diagnose the health status of P. yunnanensis, and provide a reference for large-area application of hyperspectral remote sensing technology to achieve forest pest monitoring. Method The damage caused by Tomicus spp. was investigated and the hyperspectral and photosynthetic data were obtained. The parameters which were significantly correlated with the damage period of Tomicus spp. were selected to establish monitoring models. The correlation between photosynthetic parameters and hyperspectral characteristic parameters was analyzed and the correlation equations of photosynthetic parameters were established. Result As the hazard period prolonged, the spectral reflectance gradually decreases in the range of 740-1036 nm. "Red edge" and "blue shift" appeared in the first-order differential curve of the spectrum at 660-740 nm, and the peak value gradually decreased. The multivariate linear regression model which was established based on spectral characteristics showed the best fitting effect. The damage period of Tomicus spp. was closely correlated with Photo, and its cubic function model fitted well. The correlation between spectral index and photosynthetic parameters was established to obtain the optimal fitting equation of photosynthetic parameters. Conclusion The models based on spectral index and photosynthetic parameters of P. yunnanensis can effectively monitor the hazard period of Tomicus spp. There is a significant correlation between the spectral index and photosynthetic parameters of P. yunnanensis, and a correlation model can be established to estimate the growth and health status of P. yunnanensis.
Two-dimensional Electrophoresis Profiles for Proteins of Poplar Leaf
SUO Hui-ying, ZHENG Mi, LU Han, QU Guan-zheng, LI Ying
2020, 33(2): 128-137. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.016
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Objective To explore a two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) system suitable for proteomics research of poplar leaf and to establish 2-DE profiles for proteins of poplar leaf. Method 2-DE was used to conduct the optimization of 2D lysis buffer, the purification of protein, the immobilized pH gradient (IPG), sample loading amount, isoelectric focusing (IEF) time and the equilibration time of the 2-DE system of Populus simonii×P. nigra leaves. 2-DE experiments for proteins of P. simonii×P. nigra, P. ussuriensis and P. alba×P. glandulosa leaves were carried out using optimized 2-DE system. Result The solubility of proteins of P. simonii×P. nigra leaves could be significantly improved by using 2D lysis buffer II. There were 326 proteins detected by using 2D lysis buffer II, which were 209 more than that detected by using 2D lysis buffer I. The proteins of P. simonii×P. nigra leaves were extracted by plant protein lysis buffer and purified by 2D clean-up kit. The background of the 2-DE profile was clear and the protein separation effect was better. The proteins of P. simonii×P. nigra leaves was mainly distributed in the range of pH 4~7, and 393 proteins could be obtained with good separation using IPG strips of 24 cm in length with the pH ranges from 4 to 7. The proteins detected increased from 326 to 454 when the proteins loading amount was up to 1 mg. With the condition of 6 h IEF time of 10 000 V and 40 minutes of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate equilibration time, the background of 2-DE profile was more clear, more proteins were detected and the resolution was higher. There were 531, 828 and 525 proteins, which were detected from P. simonii×P. nigra, P. ussuriensis and P. alba×P. glandulosa leaves separately by using optimized 2-DE system. The separation of the protein was clear and the resolution was high. Conclusion This study optimized the key steps of 2-DE system of protein of P. simonii×P. nigra leaves and establish 2-DE profiles for proteins of P. simonii×P. nigra, P. ussuriensis and P. alba×P. glandulosa leaves by optimized 2-DE system. This research reveals that it is possible to improve the resolution and repeatability of 2-DE system of protein of P. simonii×P. nigra leaves by the optimized system. Using the optimized 2-DE system, the authors have successfully established 2-DE profiles for proteins of P. simonii×P. nigra, P. ussuriensis and P. alba×P. glandulosa leaves. This system is suitable for the proteomics analysis of P. simonii×P. nigra, P. ussuriensis and P. alba×P. glandulosa leaves. This result is a reference for proteomics analysis of poplar leaf.
Response of Antioxidant System of Salix viminalis under Phenanthrene Stress
LI Xia, MA Xiao-dong, ZOU Jun-zhu, ZHOU Xiao-xing, SUN Zhen-yuan, HAN Lei
2020, 33(2): 138-144. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.017
Abstract:
Objective In order to explore the defense mechanism of the antioxidant system of Salix viminalis , the dynamic changes of reactive oxygen and antioxidant substances under phenanthrene stress were observed which can provide new evidence for improving the resistance of plants to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) stress and enhancing the phytoremediation potential. Method The cutting seedlings of S. viminalis were selected as experimental materials, and a 16-day hydroponic experiment with 0 and 1.0 mg·L-1 phenanthrene concentrations were conducted to study the dynamic changes of reactive oxygen, antioxidant enzymes, antioxidants and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Result The Results showed that: (1) Under phenanthrene treatment, the superoxide anion radical (O2·-) production and H2O2 content increased rapidly, then MDA content rose. Catalase (CAT) activity significantly increased on the 4th day, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity increased on the 8th day. On the 16th day, no significant difference was found in H2O2 content between the samples treated with phenanthrene and that of the control. Meanwhile, the increment of O2·- and MDA also slowed down. (2) The contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase rose rapidly on the 4th day under phenanthrene treatment, and the activity of glutathione-s-transferase (GST) increased slowly. (3) Under phenanthrene treatment, the content of ascorbic acid was initially lower than the control group, but higher on the 16th day as the treatment time continued. Conclusion Under phenanthrene stress, O2·- is the main reactive oxygen causing cell membrane lipid peroxidation. SOD activity is always higher than that of the control group, but not enough to eliminate the increased O2·-. The increase of CAT and POD could eliminate the excessive H2O2. GSH is an effective antioxidant to resist the stress of phenanthrene and participates in the detoxification of phenanthrene through the catalysis of GST.
Selective Behavioral Response of Carpomya vesuviana Costa to Volatile Substances of Jujube
LIANG Meng, ABDUWAHAP Aziz, ADIL Sattar
2020, 33(2): 145-153. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.018
Abstract:
Objective To study the volatile substances of jujube trees attractive to Carpomya vesuviana Costa. Method The experiment was carried out in July 2016. The choice behavior of adult C. vesuviana to 6 kinds of volatile substance from jujube fruit was measured. On the basis of laboratory test, field validation test was carried out. Result The result of selection behavior experiment in laboratory showed that the adult C. vesuviana had significant positive tropism for the 6 kinds of volatile substance. The selectivity of female to ethyl palmitate, ethyl laurate and myristic acid was stronger, which was higher than 30%. The selectivity and selectivity coefficient of different concentration gradients (stock, 10% solution, 1% solution) were observed. It was showed that the selection rate and selection coefficient decreased with the decrease of concentration. The selectivity to the stock solution was 2.5 times and 5 times that of 10% solution and 1% solution. In field trials, it was found that the effect of myristic acid on the female of C. vesuviana was stronger, the maximum number of 2 d traps was 15/head, and the average number of traps was 11.4/head, followed by ethyl myristate. Ethyl oleate and ethyl linoleate had stronger attraction effect on the male C. vesuviana. As far as the attracting effect is concerned, there were significant differences between male and female C. vesuviana to ethyl laurate and ethyl myristate, while there was no significant difference among other volatiles. Conclusion Among the volatile substances of jujube fruit, ethyl palmitate, ethyl laurate and myristic acid are closely related to the preference of C. vesuviana. In field trials, the selectivity of adults C. vesuviana Costa to myristic acid is higher, which can provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of attractant.
Study on Nutritive Substances and Medicinal Components of Sorbus pohuashanensis
XU Man-man, YU Xue-dan, ZHENG Yong-qi, ZHANG Tao, XIA Xin-he, FU Qi-di, ZHANG Chuan-hong
2020, 33(2): 154-160. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.019
Abstract:
Objective Taking Sorbus pohuashanensis as object to study the discrepancy among different parts of S. pohuashanensis and the impact of different habitat conditions on the content of the substances. Method The nutritive and medicinal substances of different parts of S. pohuashanensis (twigs, young leaves, mature leaves, fresh fruits and dried fruits) were extracted by organic solvent and the compositions were determined by liquid chromatography. Result Different parts of S. pohuashanensis are rich in nutritive and medicinal substances. The contents of vitamin C, carotenoids, flavonoids in mature leaves and protein, soluble sugar, total phenols, anthocyanin, tannin in dried fruits are higher than that in other parts. Compared with S. discolor, the contents of protein, anthocyanin, flavonoids and total phenols in S. pohuashanensis are higher. The contents of anthocyanin and carotenoids in fruits of S. pohuashanensis are about 3 times and 5 times of that in S. discolor respectively. The contents of flavonoids and total phenols in mature leaves of S. pohuashanensis are about 2 times of that in S. discolor. The fresh fruit of S. pohuashanensis is rich in flavonoids and phenolic compositions, of which the contents of quercetin and epicatechin are the highest, and about 1.5 times and 3 times of that in S. discolor respectively. The contents of various substances in fresh fruits of S. pohuashanensis are different in different habitats. Conclusion S. pohuashanensis is of higher nutritive and medicinal components than S. discolor, and the flavonoid and phenols contents in leaves and fruits is worth to be further exploited and utilized.
Mound Building Effects of Red Fire Ants (Solenopsis invicta Buren) on the Concentrations of Soil Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium across Different Habitats
YANG Jian-xiu, ZHANG Nian-nian, YAN Di, LI Qiao, WANG Qing, LU Zhi-xing, CHEN You-qing
2020, 33(2): 161-167. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.020
Abstract:
Objective This study aims at revealing the effects of mound building of Solenopsis invicta on soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations across three habitats. Method Three habitats (forestland, wasteland, and grassland) were selected as research sites in Kunming and Mouding, Yunnan Province in November 2017 and March 2018. The characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations in active and abandoned nests of S. invicta were compared. Result Ant colonization significantly increased the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations in all the three habitats (P<0.01). The phosphorus and potassium concentrations were significantly higher in abandoned nests than in the active nests in forestland (P<0.05 or 0.01), while that in grassland were significantly higher than in abandoned nests (P<0.05 or 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in nitrogen concentration between active and abandoned nests in forestland and grassland, and no significant difference was found in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations among different soil layers. Ant colonization significantly increased the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in loam soils and sandy soils. The rising level of phosphorus and potassium contents was extremely higher in loam soils than in sandy soils (P<0.01). Conclusion The colonization of S. invicta can significantly increase soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations in the three habitats. This effects will be still significant after active nests are abandoned, and the increase in loam soils will be higher than that in sandy soils.
2020, 33(2): 181-181.
Abstract:
Review
Research on the Pheromone Compounds of Cerambycidae Insects
ZHU Ying, HUANG Zhi-jia, LAN Lai-jiao, ZHANG Jin-kun, GAO Qing-yuan, WANG Lin, LI Yong-hu, WEN Xiu-jun, MA Tao
2020, 33(2): 168-180. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.021
Abstract:
The identification and application of insect pheromone compounds play an important role in integrated pest management (IPM). Pheromone compounds are now identified from more than 100 species belonging to Cerambycidae. The pheromones identified to date from species in the subfamilies Cerambycinae, Spondylidinae, and Lamiinae are all male aggregation pheromones, whereas all known examples for species in the subfamilies Prioninae and Lepturinae are female sex pheromones. These pheromone components have a high overlapping ratio among the subfamilies, especially among the genera and the species. The same components can play a role in many species of Cerambycidae. The application potential and broad prospects of pheromone compounds regulating insect behavioral activities in pest management have made the research of pheromone compounds more important. To make a systematic analysis on the known pheromone components of Cerambycidae can provide evidence for the further identification of the pheromone components of other Cerambycidae species, and promote the identification and application of pheromone components in Cerambycidae.