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气候变化导致全球水分循环的改变,重塑了大部分地区的土壤-植被-大气连续体,增加了干旱发生的频率和持续时间[1]。目前,干旱已成为多数地区植物主要遭受的环境胁迫[2],而研究干旱对植物的作用机理,制定高效节水的灌溉策略成为当前人们的重要议题。
辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.)是我国华北中低山地带针阔叶混交林的建群树种[3]。随着气候变化加剧,土壤干旱成为辽东栎,尤其是辽东栎幼树生长的主要限制因素之一[4]。光合作用对干旱胁迫有明显的响应,其可以引发气孔限制(SL)或非气孔限制(NSL),亦或使2种限制的叠加出现,植物表现出多种干旱响应,例如:在光合系统的结构方面,气孔[5]、叶片表型特征[6]及叶绿体等超微结构[7]发生变化;在光合系统与环境的物质交换方面,气体交换参数[8]和叶片含水量发生变化[9];在光合系统的能量流动方面,用于抗氧化防御和非光化学猝灭的能量改变,光能利用效率随之变动[10]。目前,干旱胁迫对辽东栎幼树的表型生理特性、叶片气体交换、水分利用效率、木质部液流的影响已有研究报道[11-13],但对光合系统的影响机制仍然不清晰。
由于植物光合系统各组分对土壤干旱的敏感性不同[14],可以利用敏感性指标判断干旱程度。目前已有通过监测植物水势、叶绿素含量[15]、叶片反射光谱[16],叶片颜色信息[17]、叶温[18]、叶倾角[19]和叶片叶绿素荧光[20]判断干旱胁迫程度的研究。现有研究证实,叶倾角、叶片叶绿素荧光和光合气体交换参数均与植株含水量关联密切[21-23],但干旱胁迫下叶倾角与光合系统各组分之间的关联尚不清晰。鉴于此,本研究采用盆栽渐进式干旱胁迫法,以2年生辽东栎幼树为试材,研究干旱胁迫对辽东栎光合作用的结构、物质交换、能量流动等方面的影响机制,筛选干旱敏感性指标,为辽东栎高效灌溉提供理论依据。
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