[1] Jong A J, Noordwijk V. Acquisition and allocation of resources: Genetic (CO) variances, selection, and life histories[J]. Am Nat, 1992, 139(4): 749-770. doi: 10.1086/285356
[2] Sutherland S. Why hermanphrodite plants produce many more flowers than fruits: Experimental tests with Agave mckelveyana[J]. Evolution, 1987, 41(4): 750-759. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1987.tb05850.x
[3] Guitian J. Why Prunus mahaleb (Rosaceae) produce more flowers than fruits[J]. Am J Bot, 1993, 80(11): 1305-1309. doi: 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1993.tb15369.x
[4] Knight T M. Floral density, pollen limitation, and reproductive success in Trillium grandiflorum[J]. Oecologia, 2003, 137(4): 557-563. doi: 10.1007/s00442-003-1371-8
[5] Charlesworth D. Evolution of low female fertility in plants: pollen limitation, resource allocation and genetic load[J]. Trends Ecol Evol, 1989, 4(10): 289-292. doi: 10.1016/0169-5347(89)90023-2
[6] Griffin S R, Barrett S C H. Factors affecting low seed: ovule ratios in a spring woodland herb, Trillium grandiflorum (Melanthiaceae)[J]. Int J Plant Sci, 2002, 163(4): 581-590. doi: 10.1086/340814
[7] Weiner J. The Influence of Competition on Plant Reproduction[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988: 228-245.
[8] Pinero D, Sarukhan J, Alberdi P. The costs of reproduction in a tropical palm, Astrocaryum mexicanum[J]. J Ecol, 1982, 70(2): 473-481. doi: 10.2307/2259916
[9] Kohyama T. Studies on the Abies population of Mt. Shimagare. Reproductive and life history traits[J]. Bot Mag Tokyo, 1982, 95(2): 167-181. doi: 10.1007/BF02488583
[10] Burd M. Bateman’s principle and plant reproduction - the role of pollen limitation in fruit and seed set[J]. Bot Rev, 1994, 60(1): 83-139. doi: 10.1007/BF02856594
[11] Burd M. Ovule packaging in stochastic pollination and fertilization environments[J]. Evolution, 1995, 49(1): 100-109. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb05962.x
[12] Ghazoul J. Pollen and seed dispersal among dispersed plants[J]. Biol Rev, 2005, 80(3): 413-443. doi: 10.1017/S1464793105006731
[13] Harms K E, Condit R, Hubbell S P, et al. Habitat associations of trees and shrubs in a 50-ha neotropical forest plot[J]. J Ecol, 2001, 89(6): 947-959. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2001.00615.x
[14] Wright S. The relative importance of heredity and environment in determining the piebald pattern of guinea pigs[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 1920, 6(6): 320-332. doi: 10.1073/pnas.6.6.320
[15] Wright S. The method of path coefficients[J]. Ann Math Stat, 1934, 5(3): 161-215. doi: 10.1214/aoms/1177732676
[16] Monserud R A, Sterba H. Modeling individual tree mortality for Austrian forest species[J]. For Ecol Manage, 1999, 113(2-3): 109-123. doi: 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00419-8
[17] Sterba H, Blab A, Katzensteiner K. Adapting an individual tree growth model for Norway Spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) in pure and mixed species stands[J]. For Ecol Manage, 2002, 159(1-2): 101-110. doi: 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00713-7
[18] Monserud R A, Ledermann T, Sterba H. Are self-thinning constraints needed in a tree-specific mortality model?[J]. Forest Sci., 2004, 50(6): 848-858.
[19] Heidarsson L, Pukkala T. Models for simulating the temporal development of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) plantations in Hallormsstadur Iceland[J]. Icel Agri Sci, 2012, 25(1): 13-23.
[20] Álvarez-Cansino L, Zunzunegui M, Barradas M C D, et al. Gender-specific costs of reproduction on vegetative growth and physiological performance in the dioecious shrub Corema album[J]. Ann Bot, 2010, 106(6): 989-998. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcq197
[21] Vaughton G, Ramsey M. Reproductive allocation and costs in gynodioecious Leucopogon melaleucoides (Ericaceae): implications for the evolution of gender dimorphism[J]. Plant Biology, 2011, 13(6): 888-895. doi: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00457.x
[22] Willson M F. Plant Reproductive Ecology[M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1983: 1-44.
[23] Stephenson A G. Flower and fruit abortion: proximate causes and ultimate functions[J]. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1981, 12: 253-279. doi: 10.1146/annurev.es.12.110181.001345
[24] Sutherland S. Patterns of fruit set: what controls fruit-flower ratios in plants[J]. Evolution, 1986, 40(1): 117-128. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb05723.x
[25] 陈　峰. 不同草原类型华北驼绒藜生殖生态学研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2007
[26] 黎 磊, 周道玮, 盛连喜. 密度制约决定的植物生物量分配格局[J]. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(8):1579-1589.
[27] 操国兴, 钟章成, 谢德体, 等. 不同群落中川鄂连蕊茶的生殖分配与个体大小之间关系的探讨[J]. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(3):361-366.
[28] 刘左军, 杜国祯, 陈家宽. 不同生境下黄帚橐吾(Ligularia virgaurea)个体大小依赖的繁殖分配[J]. 植物生态学报, 2002, 26(1):44-50.