Abstract: After the fertilizers were applied to forest land in Populus ‘I-214' plantations, the average values of wood fibre length and width, wall thickness, relative crystallinity of cellulose and the chemical composition of a-cellulose showed a rising tendency but the microfibrillar angle of S2 layer of secondary wall of the wood cell a declining one (from 19.4°~18.3°). The values of the mechanical and physical properties of wood from treated or untreated plantations were different. But after they were checked by the analysis of variance, there were no obvious difference between them. The values of the physical properties of pulping and paper for chemical and mechanical pulping were similar except the yield rate (89.2%) was a bit high after the chemical preprocessing of heavily fertilized wood.