Abstract: natural populations were selected in the main distribution regions of Populus davidiana and 15 trees were sampled randomly from each population. One increment corewas removed from each sampled tree at breast height for testing wood quality characteristics. The result shows that variations of wood specific gravity and fiber length of inter-tree amongpopulations are both significant at 0.01 level.Mean and extreme deviation of wood specificgravity and fiber length are 0.4321g/cm3,0.0662g/cm3,1.0775 mm,0.2651 mm respectively.A gradient variation pattern of wood density has been found among the populations,but that of fiber length not.Repeatability rate of wood density and fiber length of thepopuiation and individual tree are,and of inter-population among annual ring group are differentslightly.Genetic correlation of wood×growth is lower, which interprets that genetic improvement of both wood and growth can be carried out synchronizedly.