Abstract: The data from a masson pine progeny test with 139 open-pollinated families was used to study inheritance and variation of growth and female/male flower amount and predicate breeding value of families and individuals within families.The results show that there are significant differences in height,DBH and female/male flower amount between the families at age five.The growth of most families tested are greater than those of the two controls.Family heritabilities of the traits were found to be higher and the individual heritabilities lower.Female/male flower amount was under nearly the same genetic control as growth traits.The genetic correlation analysis indicates that flowering traits seem to be independent of growth.Using best linear predication approach,the selection index equations for parent selection and family and within family selection are established with prediction precision of 0.652 2 and 0.421 5 respectively.The selection index equations,which could be used repeatedly to predicate the breeding value of each family and each individual tree,are the scientific basis for removing the rogue in the seedling seed orchard.Finally the principle about roguing and thinning in seedling seed orchard was discussed.