Abstract: Trait variation in seedling stage of nineteen Alnus cremastogyne provenances from their native region Sichuan Basin and periphery mountain erea was studied. All of the traits, including 1 000 seeds weight, germination rate, seedling heiht(H) and base diameter(D) growth, root shout ratio for drying weight (RSR), nodulation weight(NOW), fixing nitrogenase livity(FNL), nitrogen counsulation in leaf(NCL), and resistance to freezing(REF),are significantly different among provenances. The trait variation and provenance heritability is that REFgrowth traitsnitrogen fixing traits. There are higher positive genetic relations between growth traits and nitrogen fixing traits. The vast majority of seedling traits have negatively related with elevation of the seed source, especially significant for REF?D and H, and positively related with the longitude,especially significant for REF and NOW. FNL,RSR and REF have positive relation with latitude,others almost no relation with it. This specific property for geographical variation maybe depended on special environment in Sichuan Basin, where Alnus cremastogyne occupies.