Abstract: Bamboo is an important part of forest resources. Because of its particularity and the huge economic benefit, more and more people attach importance to its research. Now studies in taxonomy, growth, propagation, morphosis structure, physical and chemical property of bamboo wood, process and utilization of bamboo had gained more achievements which had been extended, as well as great progress in genetic improvement of bamboo. This paper reviews the present study status in genetic improvement of bamboo plants involving collection of germ plasma resources, improved seeds breeding, biological engineering and molecular biology in domestic and abroad. This paper also discussed several aspects in genetic improvement of bamboo plants, which should be emphasized.