Abstract: The protection program of Chinese natural forests is a program aimed to the environmental improvement and the social and economic sustainable development of the vast montane regions and watershed areas of the main rivers in China.Due to the huge dimension of program areas and the great differences of natural and social conditions,different contradiction between ecological improvement and economic development are emerged and many problems have represented in asking for urgent integrated technical supporting.The basic contradiction and main problems in different region of the program were analysed in this paper,and 5 momentous technical problems,including reconstruction of degraded natural forests,development of non-woody forest productions,close-to-nature forest management and regulation,disasters control and forest health maintaining,and spatial-temporal analysis of resources dynamics,were summarized for attention.Aimed to solve these problems,theories and methods such as continuous cover forestry,near natural forest management,and monitoring of forest health,etc.were introduced and the related core technical details were discussed.