昆明西山森林公园东坡蚂蚁物种多样性研究
Ant Species Diversity on East Slope of Xishan Forest Park in Kunming
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摘要: 采用样地调查法研究了昆明西山森林公园东坡5个垂直带和5个水平带22块样地旱季的蚂蚁群落与物种多样性。物种数目在213种之间,个体密度在6.21 8～08.2头.m-2之间,优势度指数在0.183 8～0.982 8之间,物种多样性指数在0.049 9～1.554 9之间,均匀度指数在0.072～00.724 0之间。在垂直带上,物种数目、物种多样性指数和均匀度指数随着海拔升高基本呈现递减趋势,而优势度指数基本呈现递增趋势,这种规律性在中段太华寺垂直带表现最明显。水平带上,物种多样性指数和均匀度指数只在2 250 m水平带上呈现从南向北依次递减规律。从生物多样性保护角度来看,在西山森林公园东坡5个垂直带中以中段太华寺垂直带植被保护最好,在水平带上以海拔2 250 m山体中上部植被结构最好。蚂蚁群落之间的相似性系数显示,西山森林公园虽然范围不大,但无论垂直带或水平带上,蚂蚁群落之间的差异显著。Abstract: Using sample plot investigation method,the ant communities and species diversity of 22 sample plots on 5 vertical and 5 horizontal bands from east slope of Xishan Forest Park in Kunming were surveyed in dry season.The species numbers ranged between 2～13,the individual densities ranged between 6.2～1 808.2 heads·m-2,the species diversity indexes ranged between 0.049 9～1.554 9,the evenness indexes ranged between 0.072 0～0.724 0,and the predominant indexes ranged between 0.183 8～0.982 8.Comparative result showed that the species number,individual density and species diversity index of Xishan Forest Park were lower than those of Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve and Gaoligong Mountain Nature Reserve,but its evenness index was slightly higher than that of Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve.On vertical band,along with the increasing of altitude,the species numbers,species diversity indexes and evenness indexes were basically decreasing,but the predominant indexes were basically increasing.The regularity was most distinct on middle section of the Taihuasi vertical band,but there were no regularity on middle-north section of the Huatingsi vertical band and north section of the Gaoqiao vertical band.On horizontal band,only species diversity indexes and evenness indexes expressed decreasing from south to north at the altitude of 2 250 m.From the viewpoint of biodiversity conservation,the vegetations of Xishan Forest Park were best conserved on middle section of the Taihuasi vertical band among the 5 vertical bands,meanwhile the vegetations of the park had the best structure at middle-upper section with altitude of 2 250 m.On vertical bands,94.9% of the similarity coefficients among ant communities ranged between 0.00～0.25,meanwhile only 5.1% ranged between 0.25～0.50.On horizontal bands,87.2% of the similarity coefficients among ant communities ranged between 0.00～0.25,at the same time only 12.8% ranged between 0.25～0.50. It was thus clear that although the scope of Xishan Forest Park is not large,the ant communities are distinctly divergence both on vertical and horizontal bands.
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Key words:
- forest park
- / Formicidae
- / community
- / biodiversity
- / ecology
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