落羽杉地理种源变异与选择
Study on Provenance Variation and Selection of Taxod ium distichum
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摘要: 从落羽杉原产地美国6个州引进19 个落羽杉(包括4个池杉)种源, 以国内早期引种的河南鸡公山落羽杉( CK1) 和池杉( CK2)为对照, 于1993年3月在江苏东海进行种源试验造林。在苗期和幼林期测定基础上, 对13 a种源试验林生长测定结果表明: 种源间树高、胸径和材积生长存在显著变异, 其遗传变异系数分别为12. 91%、23. 51%和48. 51%, 广义遗传力分别为0. 51、0. 65和0. 60。在同一区域, 既有生长表现较好的种源, 也有生长表现较差的种源, 种源生长变异未见明显的地理趋势。落羽杉种源苗期( 1 a) 与13 a生长没有相关性, 3 a 开始与13 a生长相关性显著。落羽杉种源早期选择的合适年龄为3-5 a初选, 8 a决选。按单株材积比CK1增加50% 的选择强度, 选出路易斯安娜Q. R. ( 1600号) 、密西西比R. F. ( 503号)、阿肯色O. M. ( 304号) 和佛罗里达N. L. ( 701号) 4个优良种源。其树高、胸径和材积的平均表型增益为13. 86%、21. 78%和61. 11%, 遗传增益达7. 07%、14. 16%和36. 67%; 与CK2相比, 平均表型增益和遗传增益分别达14. 29%、59. 89%、148. 64%和7. 29%, 38. 93%、89. 18%, 丰产性十分显著。Abstract: N ineteen Taxod ium distichum provenances ( inc lud ing 4 T. d istichum var. imbricatum provenances) w ereintroduced from 6 sta tes in U. S. A. and planted atDongha,i Jiangsu taking earlier introduced provenances o fT. distichum, CK1 and T. distichum var. imbricatum, CK2 as con tro ls to carry out the provenance tra ils. The g row th inseedling and juvenile stagew eremeasured. The results of g row thmeasurem ent o f 13-year-old trail stand show ed thatthere w ere significant variation among provenances in tree he igh,t dbh and vo lum e incremen,t the genetic variationcoeffic ients w ere 12. 91%, 23. 51% and 48. 51% and the broad-sense heritability w ere 0. 51, 0. 65 and 0. 60, respective ly. The grow th variation presented the stochastic variation among different provenance. Bo th better and poorer provenances in g row th tra its ex isted and no obv ious geographical trend o f provenance grow th varia tion w as observed. There w as no correlation be tw een the first year? s grow th and the 13th year? s grow th, but from the 3 rd yearon, there w as a significant corre lation w ith the 13 th year? s grow th. The proper early selection period are as fo llow s:3rd-5th year for prim ary cho ice, 8 th year for final cho ice. A ccord ing to the criterion of selecting the provenancew ith ind ividua l vo lume 50% higher than the CK1, Lou isianaQ. R., M ississipiR. F., A rkansas O. M. and Florida N. L. w ere se lected as super provenances, the ir average phenotype ga ins of tree heigh,t dbh and volume w ere 13. 86%, 21. 78% and 61. 11%, genet ic gains w ere 7. 07%, 14. 16% and 36. 67%, respectively. Compared w ithCK2, the average phenotype gains and genetic ga in w ere 14. 29%, 59. 89%, 148. 64% and 7. 29%, 38. 93% and89. 18%, respectively. The vo lume output of the super provenances w as extreme ly significan.t
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Key words:
- Taxodium distichum
- / provenance
- / growth variation
- / juven ile??mature correlation
- / selection
- / genet ic ga in
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