江西大岗山杉木凋落层土壤动物群落动态及多样性
Dynamics and D iversity of Soil Fauna Commun ity inLitter Layer of Chinese Fir Forestin Dagangshan Mounta in
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摘要: 为获得更接近自然状态下森林凋落层土壤动物群落,于2002年1月至12月,采用凋落袋法(网孔5、1、1 /300mm)对江西大岗山杉木纯林和混交林(杉木2:鹅掌楸1)凋落层土壤动物群落及其凋落叶分解过程中的动态变化进行研究。在168只凋落袋中,共采集到土壤动物4 321只,隶属3门11纲30目,其中大型土壤动物优势类群有膜翅目、后孔寡毛目、鞘翅目和双翅目;中小型土壤动物优势类群有弹尾目和蜱螨目。凋落层的土壤动物以杂食性、植食性和捕食性为主。土壤动物数量在两种林型的1—3月份数量均呈递增趋势,土壤动物类群在杉木纯林1—5月份以及杉木混交林4—7月份呈递增趋势,两种林型土壤动物类群数和个体数在α = 0. 05差别不显著,其个体数和类群数大小均为杉木混交林>杉木纯林。在三种类型凋落袋中,土壤动物总类群数和个体总数均为网孔1 > 5 > 1 /300。土壤动物多样性指数随时间推移,基本呈递增的趋势;优势度在纯林中呈递减的趋势。两种林型森林凋落物土壤动物群落异质性较高。后孔寡毛目在杉木混交林凋落物中集聚的时间最长,鞘翅目集聚的时间最短,分别为8. 42和6. 45个月;膜翅目在杉木纯林凋落物中集聚的时间最长,弹尾目集聚的时间最短,分别为9. 90和7. 91个月。Abstract: Soil fauna community and its dynamics during leaf litter decomposition were investigated by litterbagmethod ( from Jan. to Dem. , 2002) in Chinese fir pure and mixed forest (Chinese fir∶Chinese tulip tree = 2∶1) atDagangshan, J iangxi Province. 4 321 individualswere collected from 168 litterbags, which belonged to 3 Phyla, 11Classes, 30 Orders, the most dominant taxa ofmacrofauna was Hymenop tera,Ol. Op isthopora, Coleop tera and Dip-tera; of meso and microfauna were Collembola and Acariforms. Most were Omnivores, Phytophage and Predators inforest litter. The number of individuals of two type of forest was trended towards increasing during Jan. to Mar. ,while the number of soil fauna group was trended towards increasing during Jan. to May in Chinese fir forest andAp r. to Jul. in mixed forest, the difference of individual and community number between two types of forestwas notsignificant atα = 0. 05. Both the individual and group of soil fauna were in mixed forest > Chinese fir forest. Bothsoil fauna individual and group were in the order from high to low∶5 mm > 1 mm > 1 /300 mm in three mesh size oflitterbags. The diversity of soil fauna communitywas trended towards increasing, and dominance of Chinese fir forest was trended towards decreasingwith the lap se of time. Soil fauna communitywasmore heterogeneous at different forests. The colonized time ofOl. Op isthopora and Coleop tera were 8. 42 and 6. 45 months atmixed forest respectively,while Hymenop tera and Collembola were 9. 48 and 7. 91 months respectively at Chinese fir forest.
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Key words:
- soil fauna community
- / dynamics
- / accumulating
- / Chinese fir forest
- / Jiangxi
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