黄土丘陵区土壤水分对山桃光合及蒸腾等生理参数的影响
Effects of So ilMo isture on Photosyn thesis and Transpira tion Parametersof Am ygda lus davidiana Franch in Loess Hilly Pla teau
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摘要: 应用英国PPS公司生产的CIRAS-2型光合作用系统,在半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区,测定了3年生山桃苗在不同土壤水分条件下叶片光合及蒸腾等生理参数的日变化特征。结果表明:不同土壤水分条件下,光合速率、蒸腾速率及水分利用效率的日变化过程呈现不同的变化规律。土壤相对含水量为57. 3%、70. 1%、80. 2%时,光合速率的日最大值分别出现在13: 00、9: 00、13: 00,分别为10. 51、12. 52、9. 25μmol·m-2·s-1 ,日均值分别为6. 83 ±4. 92、6. 40±4. 43、5. 66 ±3. 44μmol·m-2·s-1 ;在其它水分条件下,光合速率有明显午休现象。蒸腾速率的日变化过程与光合速率相似,土壤相对含水量为57. 3%、70. 1%、80. 2%时,最大值均出现在13: 00,日均值分别为1. 91 ±1. 03、3. 27±2. 09、2. 90 ±1. 70μmol·mol- 1。在所测水分范围内水分利用效率上午时段的最大值大部分出现在7: 00或9: 00,下午时段最大值出现的时间相差较大。当土壤相对含水量大于57. 3%时,山桃光合速率下降的主要原因是气孔限制引起的,在其它土壤水分条件下,山桃在上午时段(13: 00以前)以气孔限制为主,而下午时段(13: 00以后)转变为以非气孔限制为主。依据光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率与土壤水分的定量关系,在半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区,维持山桃正常生长的适宜水分范围是土壤相对含水量为30. 9%～57. 3% ,应选择阴坡或半阴坡进行栽培。Abstract: Diurnal variations of leaf－air interface physiological parameters in leaves of three－year－old Am ygdalusdavidiana were studied under different soilmoisture conditions with C IRAS－2 portable photosynthesis system in theloess hilly p lateau. The results indicated that the diurnal variation p rocess of photosynthesis, transp iration and wateruse efficiency under different soilmoisture conditions took on different regulations. When soil relative water contentwas 57. 3% , 70. 1% , 80. 2% , the time that maximum disp lay was at 13: 00, 9: 00 and 15: 00, respectively, and the maximum values of photosynthetic rate were 10. 51, 12. 52, 9. 25 μmol·m-2·s-1 , respectively, the dailyaverage valueswere 6. 83 ±4. 92, 6. 40 ±4. 43 and 6. 32 ±3. 90 μmol·m-2·s-1 , respectively. In other soilmoisture conditions, all the photosynthetic rate followed a two－peak pattern; The style of diurnal variation curves oftransp iration rate was similar with that of photosynthetic rate, when soil relative water contents were 57. 3% ,70. 1% , 80.2% , the time thatmaximum disp laywas always at 13: 00, and the daily average values of transp irationrate were 1.91 ±1. 03, 3. 27 ±2. 09, 2. 90 ±1. 70μmol·mol- 1 , respectively; The maximum ofwater use efficiencybefore 13: 00 appeared at 7: 00 or 9: 00, but itwas very distinct after 13: 00. Analysis showed the dominating reasoncausing the photosynthetic rate fallwas stoma limitation when relative water contentwas over 57. 3%. In other soilmoisture conditions, stoma limitation was the dominating reason before 13: 00, while non2stoma limitation becamedominant after 13: 00. According to the connections between the photosynthetic rate, transp iration rate , water useefficiency and soil moisture, in loess hilly p lateau, the fitting soil relative water content maintaining Am ygdalusdavidiana natural growth was between 39. 7% and 57. 3%. At the same time, it should be p lanted in shady slope orsemi2shady slope in site design.
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Key words:
- Loess hilly p lateau
- / Am ygdalus david iana
- / water use efficiency
- / soilmoisture
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