干旱胁迫下金沙江干热河谷主要造林树种盆植苗的蒸腾耗水特性
Studies on Transpiration of seedlings of the Main Tree Species Under the Condition of Drought Stress in the Dry-hot River Valleys of the Jinsha River
-
摘要: 对土壤干旱胁迫条件下金沙江干热河谷29个植被恢复树种盆植苗的蒸腾耗水特性进行了研究,结果表明:(1)白天不同幼苗蒸腾耗水量均随干旱时间的延长而持续下降,而且下降的幅度具有明显差异;当水分供给量相同时,高强度蒸腾失水的幼苗在极度干热的天气里更易亦更快地受到干旱的胁迫。(2)干旱6 d后,黑荆、新银合欢、杞木和兰桉的实际蒸腾耗水量下降幅度最大,达85. 78% ～93. 11%;久树、攀枝花、山毛豆、山合欢及云南松的下降幅度最小,仅为6. 37%～17. 42%。蒸腾量下降比例的聚类结果与幼苗k值大小比较结果基本一致。(3)幼苗第1天的蒸腾量大小决定了定量供水条件下幼苗蒸腾失水的动态变化状况。随着干旱胁迫的延伸,幼苗夜晚蒸腾量占全天蒸腾量的比例有所增加。(4)当幼苗处于严重水分胁迫时, 3月份25种供试幼苗白天蒸腾耗水量下降幅度的大小排序与中度水分胁迫时一致。(5)依据幼苗白天蒸腾耗水速率与土壤水势的数量关系,应用系统聚类法将29种供试幼苗分为高、亚高、亚低及低蒸腾耗水速率等4类。Abstract: Transp iration of twenty-nine potted afforestation species for vegetation restoration in the dry-hot valleys ofthe J insha Riverwas studied under different drought stressweight on typ ical sunny day. Five main conclusionsweregotten as follows: (1) The transp iring water consump tion of different seedlings in the day time p resented a sustaineddescent with the drought stress, the descending extent of different seedlingswas obviously different. The seedlings,with the strong water consump tion, were more easy and quick to suffer from drought stress. ( 2 ) After six-day’sdrought treatment, the p ractical water consump tion of Acacia m earnsii, Leucaena leucocephala cv. Salvador,Carallia longipes, Euca lyptus globu lus descended the most, being 85. 78%～93. 11%; Sch leichera oleosa, B om baxm alabaricum, Tephrosia candida, A lbizia kalkora, Pinus yunnanensis descended the least, being only6. 37%～17. 42%. The classified result by the descended extent of water consump tion was identical to thecomparison result of slope k. ( 3) The transp iring water consump tion of seedlings in the first day determined thedynamic variation of water losing. With the sustaining of drought stress, the p roportion ofwater consump tion in the night to water consump tion in the whole day gradually increased. ( 4) When the seedlings suffered serious droughtstress inMarch, the descending p roportion order of transp iring from water consump tion of twenty-five species wasidentical to the size orderwhile suffering from middle2class drought stress. (5) According to the quantitative formulabetween transp iring water consump tion rate of seedlings in the day time, systematically classified method could beused to divide twenty-nine tree species into four classifications including high transp iring water consump tion, subhigh transp iring water consump tion, sub-low transp iring water consump tion and low transp iring water consump tion.
-
Key words:
- dry-hot river valley
- / seedlings
- / transp iring water consump tion
- / drought stress
-
[1] 张建国,李吉跃,沈国舫,等. 树木耐旱特性及其机理研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2000 [2] 周 平,李吉跃,招礼军. 北方主要造林树种幼苗蒸腾耗水特性研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2002, 24 (6) : 50 - 55 [3] 胡新生,王世绩. 树木水分胁迫生理与耐旱性研究进展及展望[J] 林业科学, 1998, 34 (2) : 77 - 89 [4] 郭连生,田有亮. 9 种针阔叶幼树的蒸腾速率、叶水势与环境因子关系的研究[J]. 生态学报, 1992, 12 (1) : 47 - 52 [5] 张荣祖. 横断山区干旱河谷[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1996 [6] 李 昆,张春华,崔永忠,等. 金沙江干热河谷区退耕还林适宜造林树种筛选研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2004, 17 (5) : 555 - 563 [7] 高 洁,曹坤芳,王焕校. 干热河谷9种造林树种在旱季的水分关系和气孔导度[J]. 植物生态学报, 2004, 28 (2) : 186 - 190 [8] 段爱国,张建国,张俊佩,等. 金沙江干热河谷主要植被恢复树种叶水势的时空变化规律[J]. 林业科学研究, 2007, 20 ( 2 ) : 151- 159 [9] 周 蛟,马焕成,胥 辉. 元谋干热河谷引种造林试验及树种选择研究[J]. 西南林学院学报, 2000, 20 (2) : 78 - 84 [10] 巨关升,刘奉觉,邓世锴. 选择树木蒸腾耗水测定方法的研究[J]. 林业科技通讯, 1998 (10) : 12 - 14 [11] 刘海军, Shabtai C, Josef T,等. 应用热扩散法测定香蕉树蒸腾速率[J]. 应用生态学报, 2007, 18 (1) : 35 - 40 [12] 岳广阳,张铜会,赵哈林,等. 科尔沁沙地黄柳和小叶锦鸡儿茎流及蒸腾特征[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26 (10) : 3206 - 3213 [13] 马焕成, Jack A CM,陈德强. 元谋干热河谷相思树种和桉树类抗旱能力分析[J]. 林业科学研究, 2002, 15 (1) : 101 - 104 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 3270
- HTML全文浏览量: 217
- PDF下载量: 983
- 被引次数: 0
下载:
