胶蚧属7种紫胶虫染色体的核型与演化分析
Analysis of Karyotype and Evolution Trend in Seven Species of Lac Insects in Genus Kerria
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摘要: 运用核型近似系数聚类分析方法,分析了胶蚧属7种紫胶虫的亲缘关系与系统演化。结果显示:田紫胶虫与云南紫胶虫核型似近系数为0. 968 8,核型同源性最大,亲缘关系最近;信德紫胶虫与紫胶蚧核型似近系数为0. 953 3,亲缘关系较紧密,聚在一起形成姐妹群;尼泊尔紫胶虫与普萨紫胶虫的核型似近系数为0. 944 1,也构成姐妹群;而中华紫胶虫的核型较为特殊,与其它6种差异较大,未能与其它种形成姐妹群关系。从核型进化上看,尼泊尔紫胶虫和普萨紫胶虫与其它5种紫胶虫的核型似近系数均小于0. 762 6,因此与它们亲缘关系较远,从群体中分化出来较早,属最原始的种类;信德紫胶虫与紫胶蚧出现分化的时间也较早,也属较原始的虫种;而田紫胶虫、云南紫胶虫的核型最为相似,进化距离最近,说明2者出现分化的时间最晚,属最进化的虫种;中华紫胶虫比前2者分化的时间较早,属较进化的虫种。通过对染色体核型对称性的比较,初步得出7种紫胶虫核型演化总体呈现出由不对称向着对称方向进化的趋势。Abstract: The cluster analysismethod of karyotype resemblance2near coefficient was used to study the relationshipand evolution of seven species in the genus Kerria. The results showed that K. ru ralis and K. yunnanensis had theclosest relationship with the nearest homology in karyotype. The value ofλ between K. sindica and K. lacca was0. 953 3 and the two species form a sister group, indicating a close relationship. K. pusana and K. nepalensis alsoformed a sister branch with the value ofλ 0. 944 1. The karyotype of K. chinensis ismuch different from the othersix species and formed an isolated branch. On the evolution trend of karyotype, K. pusana and K. nepalensis werethe earliest diverging members and they were the p rimitive species in the group as the value ofλ between the twospecies and the otherswas no more than 0. 762 6. K. sind ica and K. lacca also belonged to p rior species as theydiverged earlier than K. chinensis. On the contrary, K. ru ralis and K. yunnanensis had the highest identity inkaryotype and nearest distance in evolution, which showed they were the latest species of the seven-group. K.chinensis belonged to more advanced category. The evolution trend of chromosomes was app roximately along thedirection from asymmetry to symmetry.
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Key words:
- Lac insects
- / chromosome
- / resemblance-near coefficient
- / evolutionary distance
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