乡村景观格局热效应研究
Thermal Effect of Rural Landscape Patterns
-
摘要: 利用Quickbird和ETM影像对浙江省绍兴县北部平原220 km2区域内50个村庄景观格局热效应进行了研究。通过环境亮温与建筑、水体、草地、林地、绿地(草地+林地)5种地类斑块共45个景观指数间的数量关系分析,结果表明:各景观指数与环境亮温间具有良好的线性关系;众多景观指数可分为密度类指数、覆盖率类指数、形状指数、核心区规模指数、100 m缓冲区相关指数、其它指数6类,其中优势斑块和景观总体的密度类指数、覆盖率类指数是环境亮温的主要作用因子;有关建筑斑块及核心区景观总体规模的指数(建筑的覆盖率、块均面积、聚合度,核心区的总面积、总周长、总块均面积)与环境亮温为正相关关系,其它多为负相关,因此建成区规模较小、各地类以众多小斑块均匀分布、建筑覆盖率低且形状狭长的村庄更有助于环境降温。建立了4个亮温预测模型(Ra2>0.9),筛选出相应的亮温预测及调控因子组;在核心区,环境亮温的单因子拟合效果欠佳,景观格局结构指数的作用不能忽略,结构指数对亮温的作用贡献约占总量的25%。Abstract: The thermal effect of landscape patterns from 50 villages in northern plain of Shaoxing County, Zhejiang Province was analyzed based on 2002 Quickbird and ETM images data. In the core area (build-up area) of villages, 45 landscape patterns indices (LPI) of 5 patches (land-use types including building, water, grass plot, woodland and green area mixed by grassplot, woodland) and whole landscape were calculated, and their correlation to environment brightness temperature (EBT) were discussed. The result showed that there was a sound linear relationship between the LPI and BET; the LPI studied here could be classified into 6 groups, i.e. density index, coverage index, shape index, core area size, indices of 100 m wide buffer ring and others, of which the indices type of density, coverage aggregation of dominant patch or of whole landscape have more significant correlation with BET; the indices about building patch and core area size (coverage, mean patch size and aggregation of building patches, area, perimeter and mean patch size of core area) and the shape indices of temperature-reducing patches had positive correlation with BET, others had negative correlation. So those villages, small size in built-up area, small size and even disperse in patches and narrow shape in buildings, were helpful for environment temperature reducing. 4 empirical models were established (R2>0.9) referring to 4 groups of LPI for predicting and adjusting the EBT being selected. However, the models fitted with single landscape quantity structure index had low performance. It means that the contribution of landscape patterns indices to environment temperature, up to about 25% of total, can not be ignored in village built-up area.
-
Key words:
- rural landscape patterns
- / landscape patterns index
- / thermal effect
- / village greening
-
[1] 王绍武,现代气候学研究进展[M].北京:气象出版社,2001 [2] 李延明,张济和,古润泽. 北京城市绿化与热岛效应的关系研究[J].中国园林,2004,20(1):72-75 [3] 倪 黎,沈守云,黄培森.园林绿化对降低城市热岛效应的作用[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报,2007,27(2):36-43 [4] Li Jiahong.Study of relation between land-cover condition and temperature based on landsat TM Data[J].遥感技术与应用,1998,13(1):18-28 [5] 武佳卫,徐建华,谈文琦.上海城市热场与植被覆盖的关系研究[J]. 遥感技术与应用,2007, 22(1):26-30 [6] 李俊祥,宋永昌,傅徽楠.上海市中心城区地表温度与绿地覆盖率相关性研究[J].上海环境科学,2003,22(9):599-601 [7] 冯 欣,应天玉,李明泽, 等.哈尔滨市热岛效应与绿色空间消长的关系[J].东北林业大学学报,2007, 35(5):55-56 [8] Shanshua-Bar L.Hoffman M E.Vegetation as a climatic component in the design of an urban street: empirical model for predicting the cooling effect of urban green areas with trees[J].Energy and Buildings,2000,31:221-235 [9] King A W, With K A. Dispersal success on spatially structured landscapes: when do spatial pattern and dispersal behavior really matter? [J]. Ecological Modelling, 2002,147(1):23-39 [10] Makoto Y,Robert D,Yoshitake K,et al.The cooling effect of paddy fields on summertime air temperature in residential Tokyo,Japan[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2001,53(1-4):17-27 [11] 周志翔,邵天一,唐万鹏,等.城市绿地空间格局及其环境效应——以宜昌市中心城区为例[J]. 生态学报,2004,24(2):186-192 [12] 马勇刚,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,黄 粤,等.城市景观格局变化对城市热岛效应的影响——以乌鲁木齐市为例[J]. 干旱区研究,2006,23(1):172-176 [13] 马雪梅,张友静,黄 浩.城市热场与绿地景观相关性定量分析[J]. 国土资源遥感,2005(3): 10-13 [14] 岳文泽,徐丽华.城市土地利用类型及格局的热环境效应研究——以上海市中心城区为例[J]. 地理科学,2007,27(2):243-248 [15] 徐丽华, 岳文泽.城市公园景观的热环境效应[J]. 生态学报,2009,28(4):1702-1710 [16] 王 勇,李发斌,李何超,等.RS与GIS支持下城市热岛效应与绿地空间相关性研究[J]. 环境科学研究,2008,21(4):81-87 [17] 武小钢,蔺银鼎,闫海冰,等.城市绿地降温增湿效应与其结构特征相关性研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2008,16(6):1469-1473 [18] 陈云浩,王 洁,李晓兵.夏季城市热场的卫星遥感分析[J]. 国土资源遥感,2002(4):55-59 [19] 陈 峰,何报寅,龙占勇,等.利用Landsat ETM+分析城市热岛与下垫面的空间分布关系[J]. 国土资源遥感,2008(2):56-67 [20] Streutker D R.A remote sensing study of the urban heat island of Houston,Texas[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2002,23(13):2595-2608 [21] 周红妹,周成虎,葛伟强.基于遥感和GIS的城市热场分布规律研究[J].地理学报,2001,56(2):189-197 [22] Riitter K H,O'Neill R V,Hunsaker C T.A factor analysis of landscape pattern and structure metrics[J].Landscape Ecol,1995,10(1):23-39 [23] 布仁仓,胡远满,常 禹,等.景观指数之间的相关分析[J]. 生态学报,2005,25(10):2764-2775 [24] O'Neill R V,Riitters K H,Wickham J D,et al. Landscape pattern metrics and regional assessment[J]. Ecosystem Health,1999,5(4):225-233 [25] 胡华浪,陈云浩,宫阿都.城市热岛的遥感研究进展[J]. 国土资源遥感,2005(3):5-13
计量
- 文章访问数: 3227
- HTML全文浏览量: 150
- PDF下载量: 1449
- 被引次数: 0