西溪国家湿地公园底泥重金属污染风险评价
Assessment on Heavy Metal Pollution in Sediment of Xixi National \nWetland Park in Hangzhou City
-
摘要: 对杭州西溪湿地不同水体干扰和沉积过程干扰类型的底泥重金属进行研究,分析了底泥表层和剖面重金属Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb、Cd、Hg和As的含量及分布特征,探讨不同湿地保护措施和水体干扰类型等因素对底泥重金属含量的影响及重金属的可能来源,在此基础上,运用单因子污染指数、H kanson潜在生态风险指数和基于沉积物质量基准的方法对底泥污染的生态风险进行了评价。结果表明,底泥7种重金属含量平均值均低于《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618-1995)的二级标准。除Hg和As外,其他元素含量平均值高于当地土壤元素背景值。重金属元素间的不同相关性指示底泥污染物的多种来源。Zn和Cd在底泥中的含量要明显高于土壤,指示底泥中有不同于土壤的重金属污染来源。空间上,底泥污染物的分布与人为活动干扰的强度具有较为密切的关系,景区外围样点污染物含量要高于景区内样点,且景区外围样点重金属污染物仍然处于一个增加的趋势,而景区内污染物输入则呈现为减少的态势。水体类型对底泥重金属的影响一般表现为封闭池塘和大水面中底泥重金属元素含量高于普通河道中的含量。H kanson潜在生态风险评价表明,西溪湿地的整体生态风险较轻微,元素中Cd和Hg具有中等生态风险,其余为轻微生态风险。基于沉积物质量基准的风险评价结果则有所不同。Abstract: Heavy metals in sediments of Xixi Wetland were researched. Effects of protection measures, sediment dredging and water types on heavy metal content were discussed. The results indicated that mean contents of Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd, Hg and As were lower than the second grade standard of Chinese environmental quality standards for soils (GB 15618-1995). Hg and As were lower than the background values of agriculture soils in Hangzhou City, while Zn, Cr, Pb and Cd were higher than that. The various correlations of heavy metals indicated a multi-source of sediment pollutants. Zn and Cd contents in sediments were higher than that in soils, which indicated different sources of heavy metals in sediment and soils. Spatially, the pollutant contents were lower in center wetland (first phase project) than that in outside. And the accumulation of heavy metals had been reduced in center wetland, while it was improved in outside areas which were being disturbed by human activities more frequently. Heavy metal contents were higher in sediment of closed pounds or big pools than that in general watercourses as water types had also effects on the heavy metal contents in sediment. The H kanson integrated potential ecological risk of Xixi was light as the mean integrated index was low (110.9). Cd and Hg were in medium levels, which had the heaviest contribution to integrated potential ecological risk, while other 5 metals had low levels of risk. And the results concluded from American National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of Sediment Quality Guidelines for the sediment risk assessment was different comparing with the H kanson's.
-
Key words:
- Xixi Wetland
- / heavy metals
- / influencing factors
- / assessment
-
[1] 陈怀满. 土壤中化学物质的行为与环境质量[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2002 [2] 崔丽娟, 张曼胤. 鄱阳湖与长江交汇区陆域重金属含量研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2006, 19(3): 307-310 [3] 陶 澍, 骆永明, 曹 军, 等. 水生与陆生生态系统中微量金属的形态与生物有效性[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2006 [4] 杨丽原, 沈 吉, 张祖陆, 等. 南四湖表层底泥重金属污染及其风险性评价[J]. 湖泊科学, 2003, 15(3): 252-256 [5] Huang K M, Lin S. Consequence and implication of heavy metal spatial variations in sediments of the Keeliung River drainage basin, Taiwan [J]. Chemosphere, 2003, 53: 1113-1121 [6] Segura R, Arancibia V, Zúiga M C, et al. Distribution of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium concentrations in stream sediments from the Mapocho River in Santiago, Chile[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2006, 91(1-3): 71-80 [7] 程 乾,吴秀菊. 杭州西溪国家湿地公园1993年以来景观演变及其驱动力分析[J]. 应用生态学报, 2006, 17(9):1677-1682 [8] 高乙梁. 西溪国家湿地公园模式的实践与探索[J]. 湿地科学与管理, 2006, 2(1): 55-59 [9] 国家环保总局. 水和废水监测分析方法[M]. 3版. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1997 [10] 金相灿, 屠清瑛. 湖泊富营养化调查规范[M]. 2版. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1990 [11] 中国环境保护总站. 中国土壤元素背景值[M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社,1990 [12] 邵学新, 吴 明, 蒋科毅. 西溪湿地土壤重金属分布特征及生态风险评价[J]. 湿地科学, 2007, 5(3): 253-259 [13] 刘恩峰, 沈 吉, 朱育新. 西太湖沉积物污染的地球化学记录及对比研究[J]. 地理科学, 2005, 25(1): 102-107 [14] 李仁英, 杨 浩, 陈 捷, 等. 盘龙江口滇池沉积物重金属的分布及污染评价[J]. 土壤, 2006, 38(2): 186-191 [15] 管东生, 陈玉娟, 阮国标. 广州城市及近郊土壤重金属含量特征及人类活动的影响[J]. 中山大学学报:自然科学版, 2001, 40(4): 93-101 [16] 柴世伟, 温琰茂, 张云霓, 等. 广州市郊区农业土壤重金属含量特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2003, 23(6): 592-596 [17] 王学松, 秦 勇. 徐州城市表层土壤中重金属环境风险测度与源解析[J]. 地球化学, 2006, 35(1): 88-94 [18] Peterson E, Sanka M, Clark L. Urban soils as pollutant sinks-A case study from Aberdeen, Scotland [J]. Appl Geochem, 1999, 11(1/2): 129-131 [19] 高凤仙,杨仁斌. 饲料中高剂量铜对资源及生态环境的影响[J]. 饲料工业, 2005, 26(12): 49-53 [20] H kanson L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control: a sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research, 1980, 14:975-1001 [21] Chapman P M, Mann G S. Sediment quality values (SQVs) and ecological risk assessment (ERA)[J]. Marine Pollution Belletin, 1999, 38(5): 339-344 [22] Long E R, Field L J, MacDonald D D. Predicting toxicity in marine sediments with numerical sediment quality guidelines [J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1998, 17(4): 714-727 [23] 李莲芳, 曾希柏, 李国学, 等. 北京市温榆河沉积物的重金属污染风险评价[J]. 环境科学学报, 2007, 27(2): 289-297 [24] 范文宏, 张 博, 陈静生, 等. 锦州湾沉积物中重金属污染的潜在生物毒性风险评价[J]. 环境科学学报, 2006, 26(6): 1000-1005 [25] Buchman M F. NOAA screening quick reference tables: NOAA hazardous materials report no.99-1 . Seattle, WA: Coastal Protection and Restoration Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1999: 9-12 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 3500
- HTML全文浏览量: 173
- PDF下载量: 1942
- 被引次数: 0
下载:
