淇澳岛寒害致死海桑林迹地恢复早期植被特征的初步研究
A Preliminary Study on the Vegetation Characteristics of the Chilling-injured Sonneratia caseolaris Forest at the Early Recovery Stage on Qi’ao Island
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摘要: 2008年寒害使珠海市淇澳岛红树林遭受重大损失,红树林湿地中的海桑几乎全部死亡;18个月后,海桑林迹地恢复早期自然植被以老鼠簕和互花米草为主,并伴生有少量其他植物,植物种类有7科9属10种。根据植被特征,海桑林迹地可分为老鼠簕+互花米草群落、互花米草群落、老鼠簕单优群落、老鼠簕稀疏群落和裸滩5种植被类型。所形成的高密度与高盖度的老鼠簕和互花米草植被不利于桐花树、秋茄等红树植物幼苗的扩散。互花米草有向老鼠簕群落和低洼滩涂扩展的趋势。灾后互花米草和老鼠簕迅速繁殖扩散,若不进行人工改造,互花米草和老鼠簕将长期占据海桑林迹地滩涂。Abstract: Mangroves on Qi’ao Island had suffered heavy losses due to the chilling injury in 2008, and almost all the Sonneratia caseolaris trees were frozen to death. After 18 months of the chilling injury, nature vegetation of Sonneratia caseolaris plantation in the chilling injury areas are chiefly Acanthus ilicifolius and Spartina alterniflora, with a few other plants associated, 10 species which belong to 9 genera and 7 families were found in the mud flats. Vegetation on the chilling injury areas can be divided into five types according to its characteristics, they are Acanthus ilicifolius+Spartina alterniflora community, the consociation Spartina alterniflora community, the consociation Acanthus ilicifolius community, Acanthus ilicifolius sparse community and bare flat. Plants in the first three communities all have the characteristics of high vegetation coverage and high density, which is harmful for the dispersal of mangrove seedlings such as Kandelia candel and Aegiceras corniculatum. Spartina alterniflora has the trend of expansion to Acanthus ilicifolius communities and bare mudflats by vegetative propagation after they first settled on the mudflats. Acanthus ilicifolius and Spartina alterniflora multiplied rapidly in the chilling injury areas of Sonneratia caseolaris plantation, and they could occupy the mudflats for a long term.
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