66个薄壳山核桃实生单株果实性状变异选择研究
Study on Nut Characteristics Variation and Superior Tree Selection of Carya illinoensis
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摘要: 对南京地区20世纪50-60年代引种的66个薄壳山核桃实生单株果实性状测定表明:单株间单果质量、出仁率、含油率、果型指数、果壳厚度、果横径、果宽度、果纵径性状均有显著差异,具有明显选择改良潜力;果型指数与单果质量、出仁率、含油率、果壳厚性状间无相互制约关系,可按果型指数分类、选择。经果型指数性状分类进行综合坐标法评选,从11个大果型指数类群中选出4个优良单株,其果型指数、单果质量分别比对照群体均值增加11.90%~17.26%、2.81%~21.84%,果壳厚度除Ⅱ东27外,多数小1.96%~13.73%,单果出仁量增加8.01%~24.33%,单果含油量增加6.14%~31.14%;比江苏省地方优良品种钟山25号果型指数大39.26%~45.93%,单果质量一般增加7.39%~17.80%(Ⅵ西19与对照2相近),出仁率增加8.56%~15.44%,果壳厚度小0.97%~14.56%,平均单果出仁量增加8.01%~24.33%,单果含油量增加6.14%~31.14%。从44个中果型指数类群中选出9个优良单株,除个别单株外,其单果质量、出仁率多数分别比对照群体均值增加12.95%~25.43%、2.51%~7.68%,果壳厚度小4.90%~14.71%,含油率一般增加1.56%~6.35%,平均单果出仁量增加8.01%~26.71%,单果含油量增加15.35%~33.77%;比钟山25号单果质量一般增加12.36%~24.27%,果型指数大11.85%~37.77%,果壳厚度多数小5.83%~15.53%,出仁率增加4.17%~14.36%,除个别单株外,含油率多数相近,平均单果出仁量增加10.98%~30.18%,单果含油量增加15.35%~33.77%。从11个小果型指数类群中选出3个优良单株,其含油率与对照群体均值相近或略高,除个别单株外,单果质量、出仁率分别增加17.32%~24.96%、1.10%~29.30%(个别单株除外),果型指数小11.33%~17.86%,平均单果出仁量增加10.68%~26.11%,单果含油量增加6.14%~33.33%;比钟山25号品种果型指数大2.22%~10.37%,果壳厚度多数小0.97%~6.80%,单果质量一般增加13.42%~20.81%,出仁率增加5.14%~37.33%,平均单果出仁量、单果含油量分别增加13.72%~29.57%、6.14%~33.33%。选出的优良单株可供嫁接扩繁与无性系测定及品种选育应用。Abstract: In this study, the nut characteristics of sixty-six Carya illinoensis seedlings introduced to Nanjing in the 1950s were investigated. All traits of these varieties, including the fruit weight, kernel rate, oil yield, fruit shape index, nutshell thickness, fruits' transect diameter, fruit width and fruit longitude diameter, showed significant differences and great potential of genetic improvement. There was no relationship among the fruit shape index, fruit weight, kernel rate, oil yield and nutshell thickness of the sixty-six C. illinoensis seedlings. The pecan can be classified and selected based on the fruit index. According to the fruit index classification by standard deviation, four excellent individuals were selected from eleven big fruit index groups by general coordinate evaluation method. The fruit index and fruit weight of four excellent individual increased by 11.90%-17.26% and 2.81%-21.84% compared with the control group, the nutshell thickness decreased by 1.96%-13.73% except one, the fruit kernel increased by 8.01%-24.33%, and the oil content increased by 6.14%-31.14%. Compared with Jiangsu’s native good variety Zhongshan 25, the fruit index increased by 39.26%-45.93%, the fruit weight increased by 7.39%-17.80%(Ⅵ westig is similar with control group), the kernel rate increased by 8.56%-15.44%, the nutshell thickness decreased by 0.97%-14.56%, the average fruit kernel increased by 8.01%-24.33%, and the oil content increased by 6.14%-31.14%. Nine excellent individuals were selected from forty-four middle fruit index groups by general coordinate evaluation method. Generally, their fruit weight and oil yield increased by 12.95%-25.43%, 2.51%-7.68% compared with that of the control group, the nutshell thickness decreased by 4.90%-14.71%, the kernel rate increased by 1.56%-6.35%, the average fruit kernel increased by 8.01%-26.71%, and the oil content increased by 6.14%-31.14%. Compared with Zhongshan 25, the fruit weight increased by 12.36%-24.72%, the fruit index increased by 11.85%-37.77%, the nutshell thickness decreased by 5.83%-15.53%, the kernel rate increased by 4.17%-14.36%, while the oil content remained the similar. The average fruit kernel increased by 10.98%-30.18%, and the oil content increased by 15.35%-33.77%. Three excellent individual were selected from eleven small fruit index groups by general coordinate evaluation method. The oil yield was similar or slightly higher compared with the control group, the fruit weight and kernel rate increased by 17.32%-24.96% and 1.10%-29.30% (except some individuals), the fruit index decreased by 11.33%-17.86%, the average fruit kernel increased by 10.68%-26.11%, and the oil content increased by 6.14%-33.33%. Compared with Zhongshan 25, the fruit index increased by 2.22%-10.37%, the nutshell thickness decreased by 0.97%-6.80%, the fruit weight increased by 13.42%-20.81%, the kernel rate increased by 5.14%-37.33%, and the oil content and average fruit kernel increased by 13.72%-29.57% and 6.14%-33.33%. The selected excellent individuals can be used in the grafting propagation, clone test and variety breeding.
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Key words:
- Carya illinoensis
- / seedlings
- / fruit character
- / character variation
- / selection for improvement
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