云南6种竹子种子萌发和贮藏特性初步研究
Seed Germination and Storage of Six Woody Bamboo Species in Yunnan, China
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摘要: 对马来甜龙竹Dendrocalamus asper （J. A. et J. H. Schult） Backer ex Heyne、黄竹D. membranaceus Munro、巨龙竹D.sinicus Chia et J. L. Sun、“大白竹”Schizostachyum sp.、灰香竹Chimonocalamus pallens Hsueh et Yi和筇竹Qiongzhuea tumidissinosa Hsueh et Yi等6个坚果状颖果、典型颖果和浆果状颖果3类竹子种子进行了萌发和贮藏试验。6个竹种种子均未观测到明显的休眠期，新鲜的成熟种子播种后5~15 d内发芽，约15 d内完成整个发芽期。场圃发芽率以坚果状的马来甜龙竹（发芽率84.0%）、黄竹（81.0%）表现较好；典型颖果类中，巨龙竹（43.3%）和大白竹（73.5%）种子发芽率差异明显；而浆果状的筇竹的发芽率最低（25.0%）。MS+BA0.5+NAA0.2的培养基适合于竹类种子萌发。室温（20~25℃）层积的发芽率明显高于4℃层积的发芽率。浸种10 d后黄竹、马来甜龙竹、大白竹、筇竹的种子的发芽率降至0~5.5%。在4℃冷藏或室温阴干贮藏条件下，三类竹子种子发芽率随着时间的增长而急剧下降，贮藏3个月后，发芽率下降到0~4.0%；种子拌土对延长其种子寿命有一定促进作用。Abstract: The germination and storage characteristics of bamboo seed (caryopsis) were tested with six bamboo species including Dendrocalamus asper (JA et JH Schult) Backer ex Heyne (nut-like caryopsis), D.sinicus Chia et JL Sun (typical caryopsis), D.membranaceus Munro (nut-like caryopsis), Schizostachyum sp. (typical caryopsis), Qiongzhuea tumidinoda Hsueh et Yi (berry-like caryopsis), and Chimonocalamus pallens Hsueh et Yi (typical caryopsis). No dormancy was observed during the process of germination of these seeds. The fresh and ripe seeds begin to germinate in 5 15 days after sowing, and finish within 15 days. The results of test showed that the field germination rates were: 84.0% (D.asper), 81.0% (D.membranaceus), 43.3% (D.sinicus), 73.5% (S.sp.) and 25.0% (Q.tumidinoda). The medium, MS+BA 0.5+NAA 0.2, was the best for the bamboo seed germination. The germination rate of seed stratified at 20℃~25℃ was significantly higher than that at 4℃. Sowed after 10 days' soaking in water, the seed germination rates of D.asper, D.membranaceus, S.sp. and Q.tumidinoda dropped to 0 5.5%. When stored at 4℃ or at 20℃~25℃ with humidity of 10%-15%, the seed germination rates of these six bamboos decreased gradually and dropped to 0~4.0% after 90 days. It could increase seed lifespan of Ch.pallens when stored in soil at 4℃.
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Key words:
- bamboo
- / caryopsis
- / seed
- / germination
- / storage
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