华北低丘山区核桃-决明子复合模式的根系分布
Root Spatial Distribution of Walnut/Cassia Agroforestry System in the Rocky Hilly Area of North China
-
摘要: 采用分层挖掘法，对株行距为3 m×8 m的核桃-决明子复合模式中的根生物量、总根长密度、吸收根的根长密度和根系直径等进行了调查。结果表明：核桃单作的总根长密度比核桃间作的高7%左右，且在各个土层中吸收根的根长密度都高于核桃间作，而二者的总根生物量和根系直径则差异较小。决明子单作的根系直径比间作决明子的大27.73%，但二者的根长密度和根生物量则差异不大。在核桃-决明子复合模式中，核桃总根生物量和吸收根长均占复合模式总根量的一半以上，其中，在水平方向上，决明子在树行南侧2.5、4.0 m位置根系分布最多，而树行南北1.5 m范围内则较少；核桃根系则主要分布在树行两侧1.5 m范围内。垂直方向上，核桃在30~80 cm土层中的根生物量和吸收根长分别占其总量的64.79%和61.17%，而59.54%的决明子根系分布在0~20 cm土壤中。Abstract: Since the root distribution characteristics show spatial pattern of water and nutrition absorption of each plant species, they decide belowground competition degree in agroforestry system. The method of stratified digging was adopted to study the root dry biomass, root length density, fine root length density and root diameter in walnut (Juglans regia L.)/cassia (Triticum aestivum L.) agroforestry pattern with spacing of 3 m×8 m. The results showed that total root length density of monocultured walnut was 7% higher than that of the intercropped walnut; the monocultured walnut had higher fine root length density than the intercropped walnut at each soil layer; while the intercropped and the monocultured walnuts had slight difference in root biomass and root diameter. The root diameter of monocultured cassia was 27.73% greater than that of intercropped cassia, while their difference in root length density and root biomass were minor. Root biomass and root length of intercropped walnut accounted great proportion in the agroforestry system. In which, horizontally, cassia distributed its root mainly at 4.0 m and 2.5 m south to the tree line, while walnut spread its root mainly at a 150 cm distance scope to its trunk. And vertically, intercropped walnut distributed 64.79% of root biomass and 61.17% of root length at 30~80 cm soil profile, while 59.54% of intercropped cassia root distributed at 0~20 cm soil profile in the walnut/cassia intercropping. The above results suggest that intercropped walnut and cassia staggered root distribution position and avoided strong belowground competition. Thus, walnut-cassia agroforestry model has great potential to develop economically and ecologically in the low hilly area of north China.
-
Key words:
- Juglans regia
- / Triticum aestivum
- / agroforestry system
- / root distribution
-
[1] 张劲松,孟 平.农林复合系统水分生态特征的模拟研究[J].生态学报,2004,24(6): 1172-1178 [2] Droppelmann K J, Ephrath J E, Berliner P R. Tree/crop complementarity in an arid zone run off agroforestry system in northern Kenya[J]. Agroforestry Systems, 2000, 50(1): 1-16 [3] Wanvestraut R H, Jose S, Nair P K R, et al. Competition for water in a pecan (Carya illinoensis K. Koch)-cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) alley cropping system in the southern United States[J]. Agroforestry Systems, 2004, 60(2): 167-179 [4] 张劲松. 农林复合系统水分生态特征试验与模拟[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2004:53-69 [5] 孙守家,孟 平,张劲松,等.华北石质山区核桃-绿豆复合系统氘同位素变化及其水分利用[J].生态学报,2010, 30(14): 3717-3726 [6] 张春平,何 平,杜丹丹,等.决明种子硬实及萌发特性研究[J].中草药,2010,41(10):1700-1704 [7] 朱 霞,胡 勇,王晓丽,等.几种植物生长调节剂对决明种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].作物杂志,2010(1):46-48 [8] 马秀玲,陆光明,徐祝龄,等.农林复合系统中林带和作物的根系分布特征[J].中国农业大学学报,1997,2(1):109-116 [9] 罗青红,史彦江,宋锋惠,等.伊犁河流域杨树-小麦复合系统水分生态效应研究[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(6):36-40 [10] 王 来,仲崇高,蔡 靖,等.核桃-小麦复合系统中细根的分布及形态变异研究[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报,2011, 39 (7):64-70 [11] 马长明,翟明普,刘春鹏.单作与间作条件下核桃根系分布特征研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2009, 31(6):181-186 [12] 许华森,云 雷,毕华兴,等.核桃-大豆间作系统细根分布及地下竞争[J]. 生态学杂志,2012,31(7):1612-1616 [13] 云 雷,毕华兴,马雯静,等. 晋西黄土区核桃花生复合系统核桃根系空间分布特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(7):67-70 [14] Kelty M J. The role of species mixtures in plantation forestry[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2006,233(2-3):195-204 [15] Bergqvist G. Wood volume yield and stand structure in Norway spruce understory depending on birch shelterwood density[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 1999,122(3):221-229 [16] Tuomo K, Taina P, Pekka N, et al. Belowground interspecific competition in mixed boreal forests: fine root and ectomycorrhiza characteristics along stand developmental stage and soil fertility gradients[J]. Plant and Soil, 2010,330(1-2):73-89 [17] Dawson L A, Duff E I, Campbell C D, et al. Depth distribution of cherry (Prunus avium L.) tree roots as influenced by grass root competition[J]. Plant and Soil, 2001, 231 (1): 11-19 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 3000
- HTML全文浏览量: 153
- PDF下载量: 1175
- 被引次数: 0
下载:
