立地类型对长白山天然白桦林生态系统碳储量的影响
Effect of Site Types on Carbon Storage of Natural White Birch Forest Ecosystem in Changbai Mountains, Northeast China
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摘要: 利用相对生长方程与碳/氮分析法,对比分析长白山天然白桦林在7个立地类型(阳坡上、中、下部与阴坡上、中、下部及谷地)上的生态系统碳储量(植被与土壤)、净初级生产力与年净固碳量,揭示立地类型对温带白桦林生态系统碳库与固碳能力的影响规律。结果表明:①长白山天然白桦林植被碳储量(45.61 87.22 t·hm-2)呈阴坡上、中部与谷地>阳坡上、中部与阴坡下部>阳坡下部变化趋势,且高立地型显著高于低立地型50.8% 91.2%(PP>0.05);②土壤碳储量(66.71 158.51 t·hm-2)呈阳坡上部、阴坡中部与谷地>阳坡中、下部与阴坡下部>阴坡上部变化趋势,且高立地型显著高于低立地型99.3% 137.6%(PP>0.05);③生态系统碳储量(139.44 231.12 t·hm-2),呈阴坡中部与谷地>阳坡上部与阴坡下部>阳坡中、下部与阴坡上部变化趋势,且高立地型显著高于低立地型35.6% 65.7%(PP>0.05);④植被净初级生产力(4.92 11.25 t·hm-2·a-1)和年净固碳量(2.32 5.32 t·hm-2·a-1)均呈阴坡上、中部>阳坡上、下部与阴坡下部及谷地>阳坡中部变化趋势,且高立地型显著高于中、低立地型42.5% 128.7%和45.2% 129.3%(P<0.05),中立地型高于低立地型10.6% 56.3%和14.2% 53.4%,但仅阴坡下部提高显著。因此,长白山白桦林生态系统碳库与固碳能力均受到立地类型的强烈影响,故对其碳汇功能评价应考虑其立地分异规律性。Abstract: The effect of site types on the ecosystem carbon storage (vegetation and soil), net primary productivity (NPP) and annual net carbon sequestration (ANCS) of natural white birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) forests were measured on seven site types (the top, middle, and bottom of the sunny slope and shady slope, and the valley floor) using relative growth equations and carbon/nitrogen analytical approach in Changbai Mountains, Northeast China. The results are as follows. (1) The vegetation carbon storage (45.61 87.22 t·hm-2) of natural white birch forests took on the upper and middle of shady slope and the valley > the upper and middle of sunny slope, and the lower of shady slope > the lower of sunny slope, which the high site types were significantly higher (50.8% 91.2%, PP>0.05). (2) The soil organic carbon storage (66.71 158.51 t·hm-2) took on the upper of sunny slope, the middle of shady slope and the valley > the lower and middle of sunny slope, and the lower of shady slope > the upper of shady slope, which the high site types were significantly higher (99.3% 137.6%, PP>0.05). (3) The ecosystem carbon storage (139.44 231.12 t·hm-2) took on the middle of shady slope and the valley > the upper of sunny slope and the lower of shady slope > the lower and the middle of sunny slope, and the upper of shady slope, which the high site types were significantly higher (35.6% 65.7%, PP>0.05) than the low site type. (4) The NPP and ANCS of the white birch forests(4.92 11.25 t·hm-2·a-1 and 2.32 5.32 t·hm-2·a-1) all took on the upper and middle of shady slope > the upper and lower of sunny slope, the lower of shady slope, and the valley > the middle of sunny, which the high site types were significantly higher (42.5% 128.7% or 45.2% 129.3%, P<0.05) than the low and medium site type, and the medium site types were 10.6% 56.3% or 14.2% 53.4% higher than the low site type, but only the lower of shady slope had significant difference with it. Therefore, the ecosystem carbon storage and carbon sequestration capacity of natural birch forests were strongly influenced by the site types in Changbai Mountains, and the site differentiation regularity should be considered in the evaluation of the carbon sink function.
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