毛竹林持续高温干旱灾害特征及影响因素分析
Damage Characteristics of Phyllostachys edulis Stands under Continuous High Temperature and Drought
-
摘要: 为探讨持续高温干旱灾害天气对毛竹林生长的影响,为毛竹林抗灾减灾及灾后恢复提供参考,调查分析了毛竹林持续高温干旱灾害特征及立地条件、经营水平等对立竹受损程度的影响。结果表明:持续高温干旱天气使毛竹叶片灼伤、枯黄、失绿变白,严重的全株叶片脱落;竹秆脱水、皱缩、枯黄,中下部位出现黑斑,局部表皮灼伤。竹龄越小受损程度越严重,1度竹死亡率显著高于2度及2度以上竹。海拔高度、坡向、坡位、土壤厚度、立竹密度、经营水平等对毛竹林立竹受损程度均有较明显的影响,其中海拔较高毛竹林高于海拔较低毛竹林,阳坡毛竹林显著高于阴坡毛竹林,且上坡>中坡>下坡,土壤厚度100 cm毛竹林,立竹密度3 750 4 500株·hm-2和2 250 3 000株·hm-2毛竹林高于立竹密度3 000 3 750株·hm-2毛竹林,集约经营毛竹林高于粗放经营毛竹林。典范对应分析(CCA)表明,持续高温干旱灾害对毛竹林的影响因子主要为土壤厚度、坡位,其次为海拔高度、坡向和立竹密度。Abstract: The extreme weather of high temperature and drought occurred in 2013 from June to August in south of Yangtze River area. The damage of high temperature and drought stress on Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) stands in Fuyang of Zhejiang Province was investigated. The relationship between environmental factors and damage degree of bamboo stands was analyzed. The result showed that the bamboo leaf was hurt severely with burning appearance and in color of withered and yellow, even lost all leaf. The damage on stems depended on bamboo age. One-year-old bamboo appeared stem dehydration, and black spot occurred in the base part of stem, four-year-old bamboo showed slight black spot but no stem dehydration, six-year-old ones appeared no black spot. The death ratio of two-year-old bamboo was higher than that of the older bamboo under the stress of high temperature and drought. The CCA analysis suggested that the damage ratio of bamboo stands significantly depended on the soil depth, slope direction and slope position. The mortality rate of bamboo was significantly negatively correlated with bamboo age.It can be concluded that the soil depth, slope direction, slope position and bamboo age are the main factors determining the tolerance of bamboo stands to the stress of high temperature and drought.
-
Key words:
- high temperature and drought
- / Phyllostachys edulis
- / damage characteristics
- / terrain
- / site
- / management intensity
-
[1] Meehl G A, Tebaldi C. More intense, more frequent, and longer lasting heat waves in the 21st century[J]. Science,2004, 305(5686):994-997. [2] 刘 杰,许小峰,罗 慧.极端天气气候事件影响我国农业经济产出的实证研究[J].中国科学:地球科学, 2012,42(7):1076-1082. [3] 时明芝.全球气候变化对中国森林影响的研究进展[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(7):68-72. [4] 葛晓改,周本智,王 刚,等.雪灾干扰下林窗对木荷幼苗更新的影响[J].林业科学研究,2014,27(4):529-535. [5] 许利群,蓝晓光,高智慧,等.高温干旱对浙江林业的影响和对策[J].浙江林业科技,2004,24(4):59-62. [6] 薛建辉,胡海波.冰雪灾害对森林生态系统的影响与减灾对策[J].林业科学,2008,44(4):1-2. [7] 苏文会,范少辉,张文元,等.冰冻雪灾对黄山区毛竹林的损害及影响因子[J].林业科学, 2008,44(11):42-49. [8] Galik C S, Jackson R B. Risks to forest carbon offset projects in a changing climate[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2009,257(11):2209-2216. [9] Jentsch A, Beierkuhnlein C. Research frontiers in climate change:Effects of extreme meterological events on ecosystems[J]. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 2008,340(9/10):621-628. [10] 王 静,温学发.王辉民,等.冰雪灾害对中亚热带人工针叶林净初级生产力的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(17):5030-5039. [11] 陈双林.海拔对毛竹林结构及生理生态学特征的影响研究.南京:南京林业大学,2009:5-7. [12] 吴继林.竹林高效经营200问[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,2005:25. [13] 吕玉龙.高温干旱对毛竹林的危害及抗旱经营措施建议[J].林业实用技术,2014,(8):53-55. [14] 李龙有,张培新.干旱和高温危害毛竹竹笋一幼竹生长初报[J].竹子研究汇刊,1987,6(4):55-58. [15] 肖本权.影响楠竹生产的气象灾害及其防御对策[J].湖北气象,2003,(1):26-28. [16] 柳丽娜,董敦义,李 云,等.浙江安吉县毛竹林高温干旱灾害调研报告[J].世界竹藤通讯,2014,12(1):24-28. [17] 张培新,王健锋,张宏亮.浙江安吉毛竹林水分管理与提高抗旱能力的措施[J].世界竹藤通讯,2008,6(1):23-25. [18] 李伟成,王树东,钟哲科,等.毛竹林冰雪灾害与环境、生物学特性和管理的关系[J].林业科学,2008,44(11):128-133. [19] 刘 艳,黄乔乔,门博英,等.高温干旱胁迫下香根草光合特性等生理指标的变化[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(5):638-642. [20] 叶 波,吴永波,邵 维,等.高温干旱复合胁迫及复水对构树幼苗光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(9):2343-2349. [21] 王 静,高 温.高光强胁迫对植物离体叶绿素光合色素的降解及沙丘芦苇纯化内含物对其减缓作用的研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2008:1-10. [22] Karhu K,Mattila T,Bergatrom I, et al. Biochar addition to agricultural soil increased CH4 uptake and water holding calacity:Results from a short-term pilot field study[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2011,140(1/2):309-313.
计量
- 文章访问数: 3229
- HTML全文浏览量: 337
- PDF下载量: 1034
- 被引次数: 0