祁连山2种植被下冻土的季节变化及数值模拟
Seasonal Change and Numerical Simulation of the Frozen Soil under Two Types of Vegetation in Qilian Mountains
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摘要: ［目的］ 探究祁连山地区冻土的季节性变化以及植被对祁连山季节冻土的影响，建立冻土深度与温度的关系。［方法］ 对比观测了祁连山排露沟小流域的阴坡青海云杉林下土壤和阳坡草地土壤冻结融化过程，定量分析土壤冻结层随季节的变化。［结果］ （1）祁连山区季节性冻土每年10月中下旬开始冻结，4月冻土层上界面开始融化，8月消融完毕。该冻结融化过程可划分为单向冻结、单向融化和双向融化3个阶段段。（2）青海云杉林内土壤的冻结起始时间与草地土壤基本相同，但冻结速率比草地快，最大冻结深度比草地大；青海云杉林土壤冻结层融化阶段的起始时间亦与草地基本相同，融化速率相近，但青海云杉林下冻土融化持续的时间更长。（3）积温决定土壤冻结融化进程，当冻结小时积温达到约-460℃·h，土壤开始冻结；当小时积温达到约62℃·h，土壤冻结层的上界面开始融化。［结论］ 土壤冻结层深度与小时积温的相关系数达到0.9以上，可用于预测预报冻土的冻结状态。Abstract: [Objective] To explore the seasonal change of frozen soil and the impact of vegetation in Qilian Mountains on seasonal frozen soil, and build the relationship between the frozen soil depth and temperature. [Methods] The comparative observation of freezing and thawing process in the Pailugou Watershed, Qilian Mountains was done at a shady Picea forest soil and a sunny grassland soil.[Results] (1) The seasonal frozen soil in Qilian Mountains begins to freeze in late October every year, the interface of frozen layer begins to melt in April, and ends in August. The freezing thawing process can be divided into three stages, namely: the unidirectional freezing stage, one-way melting stage and two-way melting stage. (2) The start time in the freezing stage of Picea forest soil is basically the same as the grassland, but the freezing rate is faster than that of the grassland, and the maximum frozen depth is larger than that of grassland; the start time in the melting stage of frozen soil layer of the Picea forest and grassland are basically the same, the melting rate is similar, but the melting of Picea forest soil lasts longer. (3) Accumulated temperature determines the soil freezing melting process, when frozen hours accumulated temperature reached -460℃·h, the soil started to freeze; when positive hours accumulated temperature reached 62℃·h, the interface of frozen soil layer begins to melt. [Conclution] Soil freezing depth has close relationship with hours accumulated temperature. It can be used for predicting permafrost frozen state.
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Key words:
- Qilian Mountains
- / ecological hydrology
- / frozen soil
- / frozen depth
- / vegetation
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