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斑蛾总科(Zygaenoidea)包括斑蛾科(Zygaenida)、毛斑蛾科(Phaudidae)和绒蛾科(Megalopygidae)等13科2600余种,其中斑蛾科和毛斑蛾科中的许多种类是农业、园艺和林业上的重要害虫[1-3]。目前,针对斑蛾总科害虫中有关繁殖方面的研究主要集中性冲突/选择[4]、延迟交配[5]、性信息素[6-8]和滞育[9]等方面。尚未见有关毛斑蛾科昆虫繁殖行为方面的研究报道。
朱红毛斑蛾(Phauda flammans)(鳞翅目Lepidoptera:毛斑蛾科Phaudidae)是榕树上的一种常暴发的食叶害虫,其危害不仅影响榕树的生长发育,还影响城市景观和生态效应[10]。该虫广泛分布于东南亚和南亚诸国[11-17],且已明确了其生物生态学特性,包括形态特征[10, 18-19]、寄主选择[20]、年生活史[10]、发育起点温度和有效积温[21]、抗寒力[22]、天敌种类[23],越冬虫态的调查方法[24]和防治技术[8, 25-27]等。目前,关于朱红毛斑蛾的繁殖行为尚无相关研究报道。鉴于此,本研究研究了朱红毛斑蛾的羽化、求偶、交配和产卵行为及节律,以期明确朱红毛斑蛾的繁殖行为,为该虫的种群管理提供基础资料。
朱红毛斑蛾繁殖行为的研究
Study on Reproductive Behavior of Phauda flammans (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Phaudidae)
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摘要:
目的 朱红毛斑蛾是榕属植物上一种重要的食叶害虫,研究其繁殖行为,可为该虫的种群管理提供基础资料。 方法 通过观察,分析朱红毛斑蛾的羽化、求偶、交配和产卵的繁殖行为及节律。 结果 朱红毛斑蛾仅在光期06:00—16:00时羽化,11:00—13:00达到羽化高峰;求偶行为包括爬行、飞行、侦测、触角交流、振翅、暴露生殖器、尝试交配等系列步骤,09:00—18:00均有求偶行为的发生,求偶高峰期为11:00—16:00。交配姿势呈“一”字型或“V”字型,雌雄成虫一生均只交配1次,交配高峰为14:00—16:00,交配时长为16.16 ± 0.26 h。雌虫将卵产于寄主植物的叶柄或叶尖,产卵高峰期为10:00—14:00,单雌平均产卵量为107.3 ± 3.0粒,平均孵化率为88.40% ± 1.60%。 结论 朱红毛斑蛾为日行性的单配制蛾类。 Abstract:Objective To study the reproductive behavior of Phauda flammans (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Phaudidae) in laboratory aiming at providing basic information for population management of this species. Method The reproductive behavior and rhythms, including emergence, courtship, mating and oviposition, were observed. Result Both the male and female adult emergence occurred from 06:00 to 16:00, with the peak at 11:00−13:00. Courtship took place from 09:00 to 18:00, peaking at 11:00 to 16:00, when the males initiated searching females via crawling, flying, detecting, vibrating the antennae, or flapping wings. After locating, the males approached the female, extended claspers and attempted dorsolateral copulation. Following the successful grasp, the males aligned into a tail-to-tail or V-shape position. Most copulations initiated at 14:00−16:00, lasting 16.16 ± 0.26 hours. Both males and females only mated once in their lifetime. Oviposition often occurred from 10:00 to 14:00, during which the females laid eggs on the petioles or leaf tips of host plants, with an average number of 107.3 ± 3.0. The average hatching rate was 88.40% ± 1.60%. Conclusion P. flammans is a diurnal and monogamous moth species. -
Key words:
- Phauda flammans
- / Phaudidae
- / courtship
- / mating
- / oviposition
- / reproductive rhythms
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