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黄脊竹蝗(Ceracris kiangsu Tsai)隶属于直翅目(Orthoptera)蝗总科(Acridoidea)网翅蝗科(Arcypteridae)竹蝗属(Ceracris)[1],主要分布于云南、四川、重庆、福建等地。近年来,云南黄脊竹蝗灾害发生地主要集中在中老边境的州(市)县[2]。黄脊竹蝗为不完全变态昆虫,其发育时期分为卵、若虫和成虫。若虫喜食禾本科牧草,成虫喜食芭蕉(Musa basjoo Siebold & Zucc. ex Iinuma )和竹类植物,最为喜食芭蕉和毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel)。因具有食性广、迁飞能力强、产卵量大的特点,黄脊竹蝗成为了危害性极大的林业害虫之一[3-4]。
关于蝗虫系统的研究主要集中在东亚飞蝗(Locusta migratoria manilensis)、沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria)和中华稻蝗(Oxya chinensis)上。目前,学者已经对它们的生物学特性、胚胎发育特性、卵滞育特性、神经分化、基因与蛋白质表达等都展开了相关的研究。而对黄脊竹蝗的研究则主要集中于生物学特性及防治技术[5-7],关于其蝗卵和胚胎发育方面的研究比较少,仅对其胚胎发育阶段进行了划分[8],但对于各个胚胎发育阶段的历期和特征以及其胚胎卵滞育发生的阶段尚未明确。因此,本研究对黄脊竹蝗胚胎发育特征及卵滞育特性进行了研究,研究结果可为黄脊竹蝗卵滞育分子机制研究奠定基础,同时有助于从其卵期发育寻找突破口,探索有效防控新途径。
黄脊竹蝗胚胎发育与卵滞育发生阶段
Embryonic Development and Egg Diapause Stage of Bamboo Locust Ceracris kiangsu Tsai
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摘要:
目的 探明黄脊竹蝗的胚胎发育特征、历期和卵滞育的发生阶段。 方法 采用体式显微镜观察黄脊竹蝗不同发育阶段的胚胎形态和发育历期,并对不同发育阶段蝗卵的含水量和胚胎长度、触角长度、头幅大小进行测定。 结果 在25 ℃恒温条件下,黄脊竹蝗的胚胎发育分为10个阶段,产卵后第2—5 d为第I阶段,第6—9 d为第Ⅱ阶段,第10—16 d为第Ⅲ阶段,第17—24 d为第IV阶段,第25—32 d为第V阶段,第33—75 d为第VI阶段,第76—85 d为第VII阶段,第86—92 d为第Ⅷ阶段,第93—100 d为第Ⅸ阶段,第101—109 d为第X阶段。胚胎发育可分为4个发育时期:第Ⅰ阶段和第Ⅱ阶段为胚胎起始发育期,第Ⅲ阶段和第Ⅳ阶段为胚胎的快速发育期,第Ⅴ—Ⅶ阶段为缓慢发育期,第Ⅷ—Ⅹ阶段为恢复发育期。产卵后第45 d之后卵粒进入滞育发育,卵滞育发生在第VI阶段。 结论 本研究明确了黄脊竹蝗胚胎发育历期及卵滞育发生的胚胎发育阶段,为明晰黄脊竹蝗卵滞育机制提供了基础信息。 Abstract:Objective To explore the characteristics and duration of the embryonic development of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai and the occurrence stage of its egg diapause. Method The embryo morphology and development period of C. kiangsu at different developmental stages were observed by stereomicroscope, and the water content of eggs, the full length, antennal length and head size of the embryo of C. kiangsu at different developmental stages of the eggs were measured. Results Under constant temperature of 25 °C, the embryonic development of C. kiangsu could be divided into 10 stages : stage I ( 2-5 d ), stage II ( 6-9 d ), stage III ( 10-16 d ), stage IV ( 17-24 d ), stage V ( 25-32 d ), stage VI ( 33-75 d ), stage VII ( 76-85 d ), stage VIII ( 86-92 d ), stage IX ( 93-100 d ) and stage X ( 101-109 d ). Embryonic development could be divided into four developmental stages: stage I and stage II were the initial development stage of embryos, stage III and stage IV were the rapid development stage of embryos, stage V-VII was the slow development stage, and stage VIII-X was the recovery development stage. After fourty-five days of oviposition, eggs entered the diapause development, and egg diapause occurred at stage VI. Conclusion This study clarifies the embryonic development period and the embryonic development stage of egg diapause in C. kiangsu, and provides data support for clarifying the mechanism of the egg diapause of C. kiangsu. -
Key words:
- Ceracris kiangsu Tsai
- / embryonic development
- / developmental duration
- / egg diapause
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