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激素作为植物自身代谢过程中产生的一类特殊的微量小分子,在植物生长发育的各个阶段起着重要的信号调节作用[1-2]。许多研究表明,生长素(IAA)[3]、细胞分裂素(CTK)[4]、赤霉素(GA)[5]、脱落酸(ABA)[6] 、乙烯[7]、油菜素内酯(BR)[8]等植物激素对种子发育具有重要作用。种子发育过程不仅与植物内源激素的绝对含量有关,而且还与各类激素之间的比值密切相关,各激素间的动态平衡可能对种子的发育影响更大[9],特别是促进生长与抑制生长的激素之间的动态平衡关系 [10]。
桂花(Osmanthus fragrans Lour.)作为著名的庭院观赏树木,在我国已有2 500多年的栽培历史,相关研究及推广应用非常广泛,但与桂花繁殖生物学相关的研究仅限于胚胎学[11-13]、传粉生物学[14-15]及少量的种子生物学(种子休眠及解除)[16-19],目前尚未见桂花种子发育过程中内源激素含量变化的相关研究。本研究选取种子结实量大且具有休眠特性的重要桂花品种紫梗籽银桂为研究材料,通过对桂花种子发育过程中生长素、细胞分裂素、赤霉素和脱落酸等激素含量变化的分析,揭示内源激素在桂花种子发育过程的调控作用,分析桂花种子不同发育期内源激素的动态变化及其对种子发育的影响,旨在为了解内源激素对桂花种子发育的调控规律提供科学参考。
紫梗籽银桂种子发育过程中内源激素含量的动态变化研究
Changes of Endogenous Hormone Contents in Seed Development of Osmanthus fragrans ‘Zigengziyin’
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摘要:
目的 通过分别测定紫梗籽银桂种子发育过程中胚和胚乳的4种内源激素含量的变化,探讨该过程中内源激素的变化规律。 方法 以紫梗籽银桂种子为研究材料,分别测定其种子发育过程不同时期胚和胚乳内源激素生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、玉米素核苷(ZR)、脱落酸(ABA)含量的变化。 结果 紫梗籽银桂种子发育过程中胚的GA3含量整体呈下降趋势,ABA含量呈不断上升的趋势,IAA、ZR含量均呈先上升后下降再上升的趋势;GA3/ABA比值不断下降,IAA/ABA、ZR/ABA的比值先下降后上升,胚中GA3/ABA比值的变化幅度大于IAA/ABA、ZR/ABA的比值变化;胚乳中GA3、IAA、ZR含量总体呈下降的趋势,ABA含量呈先下降、后上升并保持平稳的趋势;GA3/ABA、IAA/ABA、ZR/ABA3个比值总体均呈现下降趋势,胚乳中GA3/ABA比值的变化幅度大于IAA/ABA、ZR/ABA的比值变化。 结论 紫梗籽银桂种子发育过程中胚和胚乳的4种内源激素含量的动态变化呈现一定的规律性,胚及胚乳中GA3/ABA比值均呈下降趋势,变化幅度均大于IAA/ABA、ZR/ABA的比值变化,GA3/ABA水平的高低可能是影响种子发育的关键因素。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the changes in the content of four endogenous hormones in the embryo and endosperm during the development process of Osmanthus fragrans ‘Zigengziyin’ seeds, and to explore the patterns of endogenous hormone changes during this process. Method Osmanthus fragrans ‘Zigengziyin’ seeds were used to measure the contents of endogenous hormones auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), zeatin nucleoside (ZR) and abscisic acid (ABA) in embryo and endosperm during different periods in seed development. Result During the development of seeds, GA3 contents in embryo decreased, but the ABA contents in embryo increased. IAA and ZR contents in embryo increased firstly then decreased and increased finally. The Ratio of GA3/ABA also decreased continuously. Both the ratios of IAA/ABA and ZR/ABA decreased firstly then increased. The change in GA3/ABA in the embryo was greater than the change in the ratios of IAA/ABA and ZR/ABA. The contents of GA3, IAA, and ZR in the endosperm decreased during the development, while the content of ABA first decreased, then increased, and remained stable. The ratios of GA3/ABA, IAA/ABA, and ZR/ABA decreased, and the variation amplitude of GA3/ABA ratio in endosperm was greater than that of IAA/ABA and ZR/ABA. Conclusion The dynamic changes in the content of four endogenous hormones in the embryo and endosperm during the seed development process of O. fragrans ‘Zigengziyin’exhibite a certain regularity. The ratio of GA3/ABA in embryo and endosperm both decrease, and the changes are greater than of the changes in IAA/ABA and ZR/ABA. The ratio of GA3/ABA may be the key factor affecting seed development. -
Key words:
- O. fragrans ‘Zigengziyin’
- / seed development
- / embryo
- / endosperm
- / endogenous hormone
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