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新疆是杏树的起源地之一,已有1 600多年的栽培历史,品种繁多,主要包括3个类型:Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.,A. sibirica (L.) Lam.和A. dasgcarpa (Ebrh) Pers,其下约有100余种[1-6]。他们是我国重要的果树资源之一。然而,从2016年以来,巩留县超过50%杏树遭受病害,部分枝干产生坏死斑,叶片形成圆形穿孔,而果实受害情况尤为严重,其表面出现褐色、圆形、凹陷、分散或连续的病斑,树木落果,造成果实品质和产量下降。为确定造成巩留县杏树果实病害的原因,本研究对受害杏树果实病斑进行分离、培养,得到病原菌,利用传统形态学观察和分子系统学分析相结合的方式对所分离出菌株进行分类鉴定及其致病性检测。旨在研究造成新疆巩留县杏树果实病害的原因,为当地杏树防治工作提供依据。
新疆巩留县杏果实斑点病病原菌鉴定
The Pathogen Identification of Apricot Fruit Spots Disease in Gongliu County, Xinjiang
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摘要:
目的 鉴定引起新疆巩留县杏树果实斑点病病原菌,研究造成杏树果实病害的原因,为当地杏树防治工作提供依据。 方法 采用常规组织分离法分离得到罹病杏真菌菌株,利用传统形态学观察和分子系统学分析相结合的方式对所分离出菌株进行分类鉴定及其致病性检测。 结果 杏果病斑处的病原菌在显微镜下观察到分生孢子形态与经PDA培养基培养后观察到分生孢子形态均与Thyrostroma carpophilum(Lév.)B.Sutton所产生分生孢子一致;将分离获得的3株真菌的rDNA-ITS片段测序后与NCBI参考序列进行多重序列比对的结果显示,其序列与T.carpophilum一致性为100%;在基于ITS基因序列构建的系统发育树中,3株菌与T.carpophilum聚在同一分支。在接种了T.carpophilum后,杏果实和叶片均产生明显病斑并且从其所产生的病斑上再次分离到所接菌,满足柯赫氏法则。 结论 从新疆巩留县杏果实病斑处分离获得的3株真菌,经鉴定为引起杏穿孔病的病原菌T.carpophilum。这是该菌首次在该地区发现并报道。 -
关键词:
- 杏果实斑点病
- / rDNA-ITS
- / 系统发育学分析
- / Thyrostroma carpophilum
Abstract:Objective This study aims to identify the pathogen of apricot fruit spots disease in Gongliu County, Xinjiang, and to find the causes of apricot fruit diseases, so as to provide a reference for the disease prevention and control of local apricot trees. Method The fungal strains on the infected apricot were isolated by using conventional tissue separation method, and the isolates were identified by morphological observation, phylogenetic analysis and pathogenicity. Result The morphological feature of conidia developed on apricot fruit lesions and PDA medium were consistent with the conidia produced by Thyrostroma carpophilum (Lév.) B. Sutton. Furthermore, sequence identity comparison showed that all the three strains obtained were 100% identical in rDNA-ITS sequences with the NCBI reference sequence of T. carpophilum, and the three strains grouped into one consensual cluster with the reference isolates of T. carpophilum in the phylogenic tree based on rDNA ITS sequence. After inoculation of the obtained isolate, both apricot fruits and leaves produced obvious lesions, and the pathogen were again isolated from the lesions, thereby satisfying Koch's postulate. Conclusion The three strains isolated from the apricot fruit spots in Gongliu County were identified as T. carpophilum. This is the first report of this disease presence in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. -
Key words:
- apricot fruit spots
- / rDNA-ITS
- / phylogenetic analysis
- / Thyrostroma carpophilum
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