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舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar)属鳞翅目毒蛾科,是一种杂食性林木叶部害虫[1],可以取食杨树、榆树、松树等500多种植物[2],具有分布广、危害重、幼虫顺风迁徙等特点[3]。重金属是指锰、钴、铜、铅、镍等比重大于4.5 g·cm−3的一类很难被自然降解的重金属元素[4]。重金属广泛存在于自然环境中,采矿、化石燃料燃烧、工业废弃物排放等活动可将重金属带入环境,形成一种具有长期性、不可逆性和隐蔽性的累积污染,对整个生态系统造成潜在的破坏[5]。重金属离子能和生物体内蛋白质及酶等发生作用,使它们失去活性,并对生物造成很大的危害。而且通过食物链的传递作用,重金属可以不断在人体内富集,对人类的健康造成很大威胁[6-7]。
随着我国经济的高速发展,重工业对环境所造成的污染也在不断加剧,同时重金属污染已成为全球严重的生态问题[8]。在电池制造厂附近,大量的重金属锰、钴被排入河水以及周围环境中对农业也造成了巨大的危害[7]。本研究采用加有Mn2+和Co2+的人工饲料饲喂舞毒蛾幼虫,测定了舞毒蛾幼虫营养取食指标、营养成分含量以及总抗氧化力。拟为锰和钴污染对生物的影响研究及重金属污染地区的舞毒蛾防治提供理论依据。
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重金属处理的舞毒蛾幼虫死亡率均为30%(表1)。
表 1 Mn2+和Co2+对舞毒蛾幼虫死亡情况的影响
Table 1. Effects of Mn2+ and Co2+ on the death of gypsy moth larvae
处理 死亡率/% Mn2+ 30.0±0.5 a Co2+ 30.0±0 c CK 0.0±0 c 注:不同小写字母表示不同处理之间的显著性差异(P<0.05)
Note: different lowercase letters mean significant difference between different treatments (P < 0.05) -
重金属处理的舞毒蛾幼虫取食量、虫粪量、体质量增长量均显著低于对照组。相比对照组,Mn2+处理组取食量降低80.06%,虫粪量降低95.64%,体质量增长量降低203.94%;Co2+处理组取食量降低95.29%,虫粪量降低90.26%,体质量增长量降低140.86%。表明Mn2+和Co2+对舞毒蛾幼虫取食量、虫粪量、体质量增长量均有显著的抑制作用(图1)。
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重金属处理的舞毒蛾幼虫可溶性蛋白含量、碳水化合物含量、海藻糖含量、脂质含量均显著低于对照组。与对照组相比,Mn2+处理组可溶性蛋白含量降低33.76%,碳水化合物含量降低57.56%,海藻糖含量降低64.05%,脂质含量降低27.77%;Co2+处理组可溶性蛋白含量降低47.46%,碳水化合物含量降低59.45%,海藻糖含量降低59.16%,脂质含量降低33.71%。表明Mn2+和Co2+对舞毒蛾幼虫可溶性蛋白含量、碳水化合物含量、海藻糖含量、脂质含量均有显著的抑制作用(图2)。
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重金属处理的舞毒蛾幼虫总抗氧化力均显著高于对照组。与对照组相比,Mn2+处理组总抗氧化力增加28.25%,Co2+处理组总抗氧化力增加82.54%。表明Mn2+和Co2+对舞毒蛾幼虫总抗氧化力有显著的促进作用(图3)。
Mn2+和Co2+胁迫对舞毒蛾幼虫营养和抗氧化力的影响
Effects of Manganese Ion and Cobalt Ion Stress on Nutrition and Antioxidant Capacity of Gypsy Moth Larvae
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摘要:
目的 为了明确舞毒蛾幼虫对Mn2+和Co2+胁迫的响应机制。 方法 采用0.40 mmol·g−1 Mn2+和0.83 mmol·g−1 Co2+的两种混合饲料分别喂食舞毒蛾4龄幼虫,测定了Mn2+和Co2+(LC30)对舞毒蛾4龄幼虫体质量、营养取食情况、营养成分含量及总抗氧化力。 结果 与对照组相比较,其取食量、虫粪量、体质量增长量均显著降低;Mn2+处理组可溶性蛋白含量降低33.76%,碳水化合物含量降低57.56%,海藻糖含量降低64.05%,脂质含量降低27.77%;Co2+处理组可溶性蛋白含量降低47.46%,碳水化合物含量降低59.45%,海藻糖含量降低59.16%,脂质含量降低33.71%;Mn2+处理组总抗氧化力增加28.25%,Co2+处理组总抗氧化力增加82.54%。表明Mn2+和Co2+对舞毒蛾幼虫取食量、虫粪量、体质量增长量、可溶性蛋白含量、碳水化合物含量、海藻糖含量、脂质含量均有显著的抑制作用,对其总抗氧化力有显著的促进作用。 结论 舞毒蛾幼虫是主要通过提高自身抗氧化力来应对重金属的胁迫,从而提高自身对重金属的抗性。 Abstract:Objective To determine the response mechanism of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae to Mn2+ and Co2+ stress. Method The effects of 0.40 mmol Mn2+·g−1 and 0.83 mmol Co2+·g−1 on body weight, nutrient intake, nutrient composition and total antioxidant capacity of the fourth instar larvae of gypsy moth were measured. Result Compared with the control group, the amount of food intake, feces and weight gain were significantly reduced. In the Mn2+ treatment group, the soluble protein content reduced by 33.76%, carbohydrate content by 57.56%, trehalose content by 64.05% and lipid content by 27.77%. In Co2+ treatment group, the soluble protein content reduced by 47.46%, carbohydrate content by 59.45%, trehalose content by 59.16% and lipid content by 33.71%. The total antioxidant capacity of the Mn2+ treatment group increased by 28.25%, and that of the Co2+ treatment group increased by 82.54%. These results showed that Mn2+ and Co2+ have significant inhibitory effects on the food intake, fecal content, weight growth, soluble protein content, carbohydrate content, trehalose content and lipid content of the larvae, and significantly promoted their total antioxidant capacity. Conclusion The larvae of gypsy moth respond to the stress of heavy metals mainly by improving the activity of their own antioxidant capacity, reducing sensitivity and improving resistance to heavy metals. -
Key words:
- Lymantria dispar
- / larvae
- / manganese ion
- / cobalt ions
- / nutrition feeding
- / nutritional composition
- / total oxidation resistance
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表 1 Mn2+和Co2+对舞毒蛾幼虫死亡情况的影响
Table 1. Effects of Mn2+ and Co2+ on the death of gypsy moth larvae
处理 死亡率/% Mn2+ 30.0±0.5 a Co2+ 30.0±0 c CK 0.0±0 c 注:不同小写字母表示不同处理之间的显著性差异(P<0.05)
Note: different lowercase letters mean significant difference between different treatments (P < 0.05) -
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