• 中国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库来源期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊(CJCR)
  • 第二届国家期刊奖提名奖

1997 Vol. 10, No. 2

Display Method:
Study on Hydrochemical Cycling in Tropical Mountain Rainforest Ecosystem
Chen Bufeng, Zhou Guangyi, Zeng Qingbo, Li Yide, Wu Zhongmin
1997, 10(2): 111-117.
Abstract:
Based on stationary observation and chemical analysis in tropical mountain rainforest watershed at Jianfengling of China for five years,the hydrochemical cycling in the ecosystem was studied systematically combined with their hydrologic process. The distribution of mean rainfall with 2 668.3 mm per year was that 46.7% of rainfall was runoff,and 53.3% of rainfall was evaporated by the system, and 14.0% of rainfall was intercepted by forest canopy. The total amount of N,P,K,Ca and Mg in precipitation was 78.36 kg/(hm2·a)and that in runoff was 56.72 kg/(hm2·a),so the net accumulation of them in the system was 21.6 kg/(hm2·a). The total amount of Si Org-C, Al, Mn in rainfall was 24.99 kg/(hm2·a)and that in runoff was 112.28 kg/(hm2·a),so they were loss elements of water cycling in the system. The ecosystem was at its regenerating progress phase. The chemical leaching of the canopy layer combined with rainfall process was proved with the leaching efficiency of 4.11. The regression between chemical element and water of the hydrologic elements was put forward in the paper.
Study on the Effect of Soil Preparation on Growth and Economic Benefits of Chinese Fir
Ding Guijie, Zhou Zhengxian, Yan Renfa, Pan Shengrong, Yang Shengzhou
1997, 10(2): 118-124.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the effects of soil preparation to forest tree growth and economic benefit using the data of four kinds of soil preparation experiment(soil preparation of heigh norm(liao hao),strip,overall and spot)for Cunninghamia lanceolata and using the method of dynamic economic evaluation.A soil preparation experiment for C. lanceolata plantation was established on yellow-red soil in Guizhou Province in 1978. The results of 17 years research showed that type of soil preparation affected survival rate,tree growth and economic benefit, the effect of soil preparation on stand growth lasted in a certain period of time. The effects to various current annual increment vanished in the 7th~10th year,the effects to stand mean height,mean DBH and single-tree volume occured before 10~12 year,and the biggest difference occurred in the 7th~10th year.The effect of soil preparation to DBH was 1~2 year less than to tree height and single-tree volume.The growth of heigh norm(liao hao)soil preparation was the best,but the results of fund utilization was not satisfactory and the profit ratio was 2.37% lower than that of spot soil preparation, the profit of each unit investment making was 19.03% lower than that of spot soil preparation,thus the economic results of heigh norm soil preparation was not satisfactory.By synthesis analysis the results of growth and economic benefit of various soil preparation,the best type manner of soil preparation was spot soil preparation,with the specification of 30 cm×30 cm×30 cm or 40 cm×40 cm×30 cm.
Effect of Long term Management of Pure Phyllostachys pubescens Stands on Soil Fertility
Lou Yiping Wu Liangru, Shao Dafang, Yan Zhenwu
1997, 10(2): 125-129.
Abstract:
Soil fertility analyses in a mixed bamboo forest and two pure bamboo forests transformed at different growth stages from mixed stands at various times had been done and the results showed the natural soil fertility in a mixed bamboo stand was better than those in pure bamboo stands in the neighbouring sites after a longterm management.As the management term of pure bamboo stands prolonged the natural soil fertility declined,which resulted from the growth characteristics of pure bamboo forest and the management methods. The soil fertility in pure bamboo stands declined faster in the first 10 years than that in the second 10 years after they were transformed from mixed forest with trees.The fertility index varied at different rate during the period. The rhizomes and root of bamboo affect the soil porosity obviously.
Studies on the Changes of Physiological Properties of Conservation of Eucalyptus Germplasm Encapsulatied in Alginate Beads at Room Temperature
Cao Yuehua
1997, 10(2): 130-136.
Abstract:
Respiration,chlorophyll,soluble protein,activities of peroxiase(POD)and polyphenol oxidase(PPO)during the 9 months conservation of Eucalyptus microcuttings encapsulated in alginate beads were examined.The synthesis of chlorophyll and protein occurred in alginate beads of microcuttings of Eucalyptus during the earlier stage of conservation. The maximum chlorophyll and soluble protein were found in the second month or fourth month,respectively,then degraded. Respiration of microcuttings in alginate gel beads was inhibited and decreased with conservation time.The activity of PPO increased at first,then decreased in the end of conservation,but the activity of POD suddenly dropped in the beginning,then reduced slowly.When sucrose was added to the alginate gel, the change patterns of chlorophyll and soluble protein in the microcuttings were similar to that of sucrose free gel,but protein content increased and the POD activity showed a marked reduction with the increasing concentration of sucrose.The results indicated that low concentration of alginate(1.5%)and sucrose(0.5 %)were favored to the slow synthetic metabolism,which might be as the physiology base of storing microcuttings of Eucalyptus under “minimal growth” condition of tissue culture.
Effect of Salinity and Temperature on Seed Germination of Mangrove Sonneratia apetala Buch. Ham.
Li Yun, Zheng Dezhang, Liao Baowen, Zheng Songfa, Song Xiangyu
1997, 10(2): 137-142.
Abstract:
Effect of different gradients of seawater salinity(0~35 g/L)and temperature(20~35℃)on seed germination of mangrove tree species, Sonneratia apetala Buch. Ham. was reported in the paper and the results showed that the discrepancy among them was remarkable. Generally benefitial conditions for seed germination were temperature higher than 25℃,salinity below 10.0 g/L. The best condition for seed germination was salinity gradient from 2.5 g/L to 5.0 g/L and temperature 30~35℃. When salinity was among 10~15 g/L,seed germination and young seedlings growth apparently declined;when salinity was higher than 15 g/L,only a few seeds could germinate and young seedlings grew far slowly and afterwards gradually died with salinity damage in culture dish but no seeds could germinate in mudflat field nursery. Spraying freshwater on mudflat field nursery could improve seed germinating percentage to a great degree. Under low seawater salinity such as 2.5~7.5 g/L,the content of Na+ and Cl- assimilated by young seedlings gradually increased with time and then reached dynamic balance in 20 days.
Study on Chinese fir Introduction and Cultivation on The Grand Canal Bank, Northern Jiangsu
Li Xiaocu, Huang Libin, Liu Aijuan, Cai Shunzhang, Yu Honglin
1997, 10(2): 143-148.
Abstract:
It is reported in this paper that Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)has been successfully introduced into Northern Jiangsu. In the 19 year old extensively managed plantation on The Grand Canal Bank,the mean height is 12.30 m,its mean DBH 19.1 cm and the stand volume 224 m 3/hm2,and the percentage of medium diameter timber is 51.1% and that of small diameter one 46.6%,its dry biomass above ground is 147.12 t/hm2. In the intensively-managed 13-year-old plantation,the height is 11.90 m,the DBH is 15.1 cm,the volume is 204.73 m 3/hm2 and its biomass is 111.05 t/hm2,both the percentage of medium and small diameter timber are 48.4%. The plantation in Yongshui,Guangxi is much better than that in Jiangsu,when the plantation is 7 years old,its mean height is 7.39 m,its DBH 8.9 cm and its volume 129.64 m 3/hm2,which are 1.4 times as much as those of the latter at the same age.
Studies on Hatching Behavior of Chinese White Wax Scale(Ericerus pela)
Chen Xiaoming, Chen Yong, Ye Shoude, Mao Yufeng, Wang Zili, Wang Shaoyun
1997, 10(2): 149-153.
Abstract:
The egg hatching of Ericerus pela is affected mainly by temperature. Humidity and light have little influence on hatching. Hatching begins at 12 ℃ and takes place between 12 to 35 ℃. The hatching rate is higher from 20 to 25 ℃,which is about 95%. When relative humidity is 40%~80%,the egg hatching rate does not change much. In nature,hatching rate could reach at about 95% at 95% relative humidity. Humidity affects hatching little. Light has the least influence on hatch;egg can hatch at dark condition. Temperature is the key factor for the hatching of E. pela.
The Clonal Variation of Female and Male Strobilus Production and Evaluation of Stability for Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.
Zhang Huaxin, Li Jun, Li Guofeng, Shen Xihuan
1997, 10(2): 154-163.
Abstract:
The successive observations on the female and male strobilus production in Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.seed orchard,located in Lushi County,Henan Province,were carried out during 1985~1995. There was a fluctuation in female and male strobilus production with about a 4 year cycle,and the fluctuations of cone with filled seeds among the years coincided with the male strobilus production,the variations of the cones with filled and emptied seeds did not tend to be stable until abundant cone production.There were significant differences for strobilus production between clones,clonal repeatability of female and male strobilus production over the years were all over 65.12% and 86.49% respectively,greater differences for strobilus production in a seed year than alean year,and in abundant cone period than initial period,and smaller differences between rametswithin clone.The interactive effects of different clone and year for female and male strobilus production were significant,and variance components of interactive effects for female and male strobilus production were 12.03 % and 37.94% respectively.20 clones of stable production for female strobilus and 22 for male were selected from 31 clones.
A Study on Nutrient Dynamics and the Relative Increment Rate in Different Types of Poplar Intercropping
Sun Cuiling, Guo Yuwen, Zhu Zhanxue, Tong Chaoran, Wang Zhen, Jiao Ruzhen
1997, 10(2): 164-169.
Abstract:
Through the intercropping of poplar with legume,arbors and shrubs and the rotational cropping of poplar,the effects of different treatments on the soil nutrient elements and the forest land productivity were studied quantitatively.The experimental stands in Henan Province and Beijing cover an area of 3.2 hm2 and 1.8 hm2 respectively,where the same experimental design with five treatments and three replications were adopted.The results from 1992 to 1995 showed that the relative increment rates of height and diameter at breast height(DBH)were significantly different between treatments at 0.01,0.05 and 0.10 level.At the site in Beijing,the relative increment rates of DBH and height were significantly different between treatments at 0.05 level(F =3.916)and at 0.10 level(F=2.423)respectively,at the Minquan site in Henan Province,the relative increment rates of DBH and height were significantly different at 0.01 level(F=28.769)and 0.05 level(F=3.39).The soil nutrient elements of different types of mixed poplar stands varied regularly;poplar mixture and black locust can improve the soil fertility of the forest land;in the poplar continuous cropping forest land,all the amount of soil nutrient elements declined and the land productivity degranded significantly.
Two New Species of Sawflies from China(Hymenoptera:Cimbicidae)
Huang Xiaoyun, Zhou Shuzhi
1997, 10(2): 170-172.
Abstract:
The present paper deals with two new species of Cimbicidae, Agenocimbex crataegum and Praia neimongguensis, which are forest insect pests.The type specimens are deposited in the Forest Insect Collection of The Chinese Academy of Forestry. 1. Agenocimbex crataegum sp.nov. Host: Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge and Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. Holotype: Heshan,Anhui Province,April 1995,Ding Yuzhou leg.; Allotype:♀ same data as for holotyoe; Paratypes:11♀,Jijiang Sichuan Province,May 25,1981,collector unknown. This species resembles Agenocimbex eoa Sem.,but it differs from the latter in the club of antenna which is shorter than the 3-rd joint of the antenna;claws simple;and with different markings in both sexes. 2. Praia neimongguensis sp.nov. Host:Broadleave trees Holotype:♀ Wulanba Forest Farm,Zuo County,Inner Mongolia,July 10,1961,collector unknown. This new species resembles Praia ussuriensis Malaise and Praia taczanowskii Andre,but it may be separated from the two species by the abdominal tergites Ⅰ~Ⅵ having “V” shaped black spot and by the posterior margin of all tergites without pale colour.
Studies of Insects and Rat Feeding on the Cones and Seeds in Masson Pine Seed Orchard
Zhao Jinnian, Huang Hui, Zhou Shishui
1997, 10(2): 173-181.
Abstract:
There are 21 species of insects and rat feeding on the cones and seeds in masson pine seed orchard, Contarinia sp., Ernobius sp., Dioryctria yiai Mutuura et Munroe, Retinia cristata(Walsingham), Gravitarmata margarotana(Hein.), Dioryctria rubell Hampson and Rattus niviventer Hodgson are the most harmful insects and rat.The damage order and degree of main cone and seed insects and rat were observed according to the law of reproductive development laws of population distribution and population succession were studied.The results show that the ratio of its larval population quantity is the same as the ratio of male inflorescence and 2 year old cone quantity.According to the ecological characteristics of masson pine seeds, the control expriments are conducted.The paper proposed that the methods of integrated pest management of main cone and seed insects and rat:1.Clearing forestland in and around the orchard;2.Picking damaged cones to kill the insects;3.Screening clones which are resistant to cone and seed insect pests in masson pine seed orchard;4.In the overwintering stage, control main cone and seed insect pests by using insecticides.
Study on the Conditioning Effects of Undercutting and Top-pruning on Slash Pine Bareroot Seedlings
Jiang Jingmin, Hu Shicai, Yu Muokui, Luo Xunzhi, Chen Bin, Tang Jindi
1997, 10(2): 182-188.
Abstract:
Bareroot slash pine seedlings were subjected to undercutting and top-pruning treatments including different executing time and frequency,to evaluate the effects on seedling morphology and field performance.The results showed that undercutting treatmens reduced seedling height and diameter,and improved root fibrosity,earlier and multiple ones had more pronounced effects,undercutted seedlings displayed better growth than the control and higher survival rate on dry or severely vegetation competitive sites.Top pruned seedlings were smaller,but there were no negative effects from top-pruning on field performance,the seedling uniformity were increased due to the small seedlings free of depression,but later top-pruning was harmful to seedling bud formation timely.The application principles of the treatments as cultural practices were proposed.
Study on the Use of Systemic and Pyrethroid Insecticides to Control Anophora glabripennis and Apriona germari
Liang Chengjie, Li Guohong, Li Guangwu, Gao Ruitong, Zhao Zhongyi, Sun Jinzhong
1997, 10(2): 189-193.
Abstract:
Branches of Broussontia papyrifera were soaked in the water solutions of carbofuran,aldicarb,phorate and monocrophos in concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/kg as lure branches and branches of Acer saccharum in 50 mg/kg.The average mortality of the adults, Anophora glabripennis and Apriona germari was 83.82%,98.88%,93.34%,90.00%,93.40%,97.76%,92.66%,93.80%,89.20%,100.00%,100.00%,and 96.66% respectively.If the branches were sprayed with the water solutions of monocrophos,esfenvalerate,alphamethrin,fenpropathrin and cyhalothrin in concentrations of 50,25 and 12.5 mg/kg to control the adults of A.germari, the average mortality was 45.85%,33.35%,0.00%,100.00%,91.65%,75.00%,100.00%,100.00%,100.00%,75.00%,75.00%,60.00%,100.00%,100.00%,and 100.00% respectively.If 60 mL phorate,monocrotophos 60 or 120 mL,aldicarb 75,150,or 300 g,carbofuran 75,150,or 300 g was applied to each tree of A.saccharum, the average mortality was 98.75%,71.88%,83.33%,100.00%,90.63%,93.75%,65.63%,62.50% and 84.38% respectively.Data analysis cheched by LSR test shows the differences are quite significant.
Study on the Determination of Salt-tolerance Index of Main Afforestation Tree Species and Their Ordination in Arid Areas with Secondary Salinization
Zhao Mingfang, Ge Chen, Zhai Zhizhong
1997, 10(2): 194-198.
Abstract:
The research on the slat-tolerance index of main afforestation tree species in arid and semi-arid areas with secondary-salinization was carried out during the year 1991~1995,and the index of salt-tolerant were as follows: Populus enphratica Oliv.8 g/L P. alba var pyramidalis Bge.6 g/L Lyeium chinese Mill.7 g/L Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb50 g/L Hedysarum scoparium Fisch.et Mey.5 g/L Hedysarum mongolicum Turcz.6 g/L Elaeagnus angustifolia L.4 g/L Hippophae rhamnoedes L.6 g/L Haloxylon ammodendron(Mey).Bunge30~50 g/L Pyrus betulaefolia Bge.4 g/L Caragana intermedia Kuang et H.7 g/L The ordination for capability of salt-tolerant species is from strong to weak: Haloxylon ammodendron,Tamarix ramosissma,Populus enphratica,Lyeium chinese,Caragana intermedia,Hedysarum mongolicum, Hippophae rhamnoides,Populus alba,Hedysarum scoparium,Elaeagnus angustifolia and Pyrus betulaefolia.
Recent Status of the Development and Strategies of Exploitation of Non-wood Forest Products in China
Wang Xinyan, Du Xiangli
1997, 10(2): 199-205.
Abstract:
The article comprehensively introduced the present state of development and the strategies of exploitation of non-wood forest products in China.Some products,such as Camellia oleifera Abel., Vernicia fordii(Hemsl.)Airy shaw, Toxidendron vernicifluum(Stokes)P. A. Barkl, Castanea mollissima Blume, Eucmmia ulmoides Oliv, Gingo biloba L. etc.,have been cultivated for a long time,and their output is the biggest in the world. Some products,such as tung oil,walnut kernel,Chinese chestnut,apricot fruit,Chinese gall and Chinese lacquer,are famous for their quality in the world. A great many of devolopment have been achieved in the exploiting of some products in recent years. For example,the rate of gotten oil by heating interfusion and pressaring squeeze is 14.07% higher than that by usual method;the problem of precipitation has been solved in processing Chinese chestnut can;it has been discovered that there exists SOD in fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides L.;elastoplast and thermoplastic have been made with gutta percha;a kind of endo-fungi has been isolated from the bark of taxus,and it has been confirmed that this kind of endo-fungi can synthesize taxol etc. However,due to the appearance of large quantity of synthetic products,the market of the products of economical forest has been impacked. The lower level of researches has affected the processing quality and economical value. To promote the profit,we should take the following strategies:first,advanced techniques and facilities should be intruduced to enforce the researches of chemical ingredients analysis,to exploit and synthesize high value products;second,we should exploit the resources of edible vegetable oil; third,we should make use of the experience of other countries in exploiting wild plants resources and stride forward to do better research and produce better products.
The Effect of Pruning on Plucking Scion of Mother Plant of Acacia Species
Chen Qingdu, Li Xiaomei
1997, 10(2): 206-209.
Abstract:
Shooting trial was conducted by lopping and pruning for plucking scion of mother plant of three tropical Acacia species. The result was shown that the way of cutting height from 40~50 cm and saving 2~3 pieces of leaves at the base of trees through pruning would increase the amount of cuttings and improve shooting capability.It could not increase number of shooting and amount of cuttings to enhance cutting height.Pruning from the bottom of branch would impact the growth of cutting wood.If cuttings at 20~30 cm high were used which would seriously influence the shooting and growth of cutting wood.Except for low cutting stump,there is no evident effect on the survival of cutting by middle and high cutting stump.
A Preliminary Study on Culture of Fuel Forest in Neighbourhood in North of Zhejiang
Ge Wanchuan, Zhou Jian
1997, 10(2): 210-214.
Abstract:
A series of researches such as species or provenance selection of fuel forest,high yielding cultivation model of masson pine and enclosing hillsides for tending secondary fuel forest were conducted in the experiments.Prospects in spreading elite seed origin of masson pine at both north and south slopes in the eastern part of Wuyi Mountain in hilly area,cultivating Sichuan alder in stream bank and introduction of silver wattle in hilly land with gentle slope were suggested in this paper.Moreover,a series of such technique as proper species of the trees suited to certain land,elite seed origin,seedling cultivation by using mycorrhiazal soil,complete mowing and dibble cultivating,double trees planted in one dibble,regulation of density of trees during junior crop,dynamic intermittent cutting during mature crop were recommended to increase the production of masson pine.In addition,some methods used in the secondary fuel forest on hilly land such as type determination,closing hillsides at regular intervals,cultivating at different classes,cutting of lower story and alteration of forest composition were presented in the report.
Research on the Use of Dummy Variables Method to Calculate the Family of Site Index Curves
Li Xifei, Hong Lingxia
1997, 10(2): 215-219.
Abstract:
Using dummy variables method to calculate the family of the site index curves is introduced in this paper.The method is able to settle the problem that the slop of guide curve is too dependent on site-age distribution of sampling plots when guide curve method is employed.The variations of jackknifes slops which are got from dummy variables method and guide curve method are compared.The result shows that the standard deviation of guide curve method is as three times as that of dummy variables method.The result proves that dummy variables method is better than guide curve method.
Study on the Effects of Fertilization on Middle-aged Paulownia elongata Plywood Plantation
Wang Baoping, Li Zongran, Li Fangdong, Zhou Haijiang, Zhou Daoshun
1997, 10(2): 220-225.
Abstract:
Fertilizers including elements of N,P,Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu and B were applied to six and seven years old Paulownia elongata plywood plantation.The results show that no significant relation between the growth and fertilizing factors,although some kinds of fertilizers(mainly P,Fe)have certain effects on the growth.It is necessary to adjust the initial amounts of growth of different treatments to the same level with co-variance analysing method while studying the effects of fertilization on the growth of middle-aged paulownia plantation.