• 中国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库来源期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊(CJCR)
  • 第二届国家期刊奖提名奖

1998 Vol. 11, No. 5

Display Method:
Study on Early Diagnosis for Pine Wilt Disease Caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Ⅰ.Early Diagnosis for Pine Wilt Disease by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Parasiting in Pinus massoniana and P.thunbergii
Liu Wei, Yang Baojun, Xu Fuyuan, Ge Minghong, Zhang Pei, Wang Chengfa
1998, 11(5): 455-460.
Abstract:
The stop of oleoresin exudation through trees is a major symptom of pine wood nematode disease. In Nanjing City,Japanese black pines and masson pines were inoculated with nematodes.Weakened trees were taken as a diagnosis standard. Results were shown: for Japanese black pine, accuracy was more than 93% after 12 days in the spring inoculation,80% after 20 days and 93% after 25 days in the summer inoculation. There was no obvious difference between 10~15 and 20~30 years old trees of the inoculated Japanese black pines. The amounts of oleoresin exudation of the masson pines inoculated with nematodes were obvious different with tree ages and inoculation periods. Bromophenol blue and dimethy yellow were used as indicators for early diagnosis, but the colour reactions were not distinct. Based on the test, early diagnosis of the trees in new disease area through observing the amounts of oleoresion exudation can be adopted to clean the disease trees thoroughly.
Ion and Nutrient Status in Rhizospheres of Poplar Stands at Different Ages
Ding Yingxiang, Wang Fusheng, Lin Shouming
1998, 11(5): 461-468.
Abstract:
This project was aimed to study the amount of ions and some nutrients in the rhizospheres of hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr. cv. ‘Lux’). Three poplar stands at different ages (3,6,12 years old) were located in Dongta Forest Farm (8 km away from the Yellow Sea),Dongtai City,Jiangsu Province. Samples of rhizospheres were taken from the topsoil (0~20 cm) and subsoil (21~40 cm) under three average trees of each stand. The total ion in rhizospheres is higher in all stands. In most rhizospheres, ion accumulations were statistically obvious. Higher ion accumulations in subsoil rhizospheres were associated with stronger water-absorbing function of the deep root,the nutrient-absorbing function of the root in topsoil made the ion accumulation at a low rate.The accumulation of K+ in rhizosphere was the highest and the most obvious one in all the ions. K+ accumulation in rhizospheres of trees on salty soil were possibly induced by the excessive K+ transported to the rhizospheres by mass flow. Na+ was obviously accumulated in some rhizospheres. Ca2+ and Mg2+ did not vary greatly between rhizospheres and non-rhizospheres. The differences of HCO3- fluctuated within 10% between rhizospheres and non-rhizospheres. Cl- was accumulated in rhizospheres in summer and in topsoil, but not in other conditions. SO42- was not highly accumulated in the rhizospheres of the most stands. Soil pH of rhizospheres in all sites were lower than those of the non-rhizospheres. In subsoil,a greater decrease of pH in the rhizospheres were observed comparing with the topsoil. Hydrolysable N,available P and soluable K were found accumulated in all sites.
Annual Dynamic of Nutrient Elements in Gingko Seeds and Relations with Dropped Seed
Wang Jian, Wei Gang, Gao Chengde, Liu Changying, Ma Lianbao
1998, 11(5): 469-473.
Abstract:
The contents of N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Mn in Ginkgo biloba seeds were determined and analyzed. The result shows that the annual dynamic in content of N、P、K、Ca、Mg presents a gradual decreasing trend from spring to autumn,but the decreasing range of every element is different in different growing stages of seeds. From the end of April to the middle of May and from the end of May to the beginning of June are two drastically decreasing stages in content of elements during the whole growing season. Annual contents variation of micronutrients (Zn、Fe、Mn) in seeds are various and irregular. The contents of nutrient elements between normal developmental seeds and dropped seeds are significantly different. The contents of elements in mature seeds are N:10.4 g/kg,P:1.3 g/kg,K:14.9 g/kg,Ca:1.3 g/kg,Mg:0.9 g/kg,Zn:27.6 mg/kg,Fe:10.0 mg/kg,Mn:3.2 mg/kg.The contents of N,K,Ca,Zn and Fe are higher in gingko seeds compared with those of other fruit trees.
The Studies on Seedling Nursery and Afforestation Techniques of Aegiceras corniculatum of Mangroves
Liao Baowen, Zheng Dezhang, Zheng Songfa, Li Yun, Wang Yongjun, Chen Xiangru
1998, 11(5): 474-480.
Abstract:
The paper deals with propagule collection,seedling nursery and afforestation technique of Aegiceras corniculatum .The best season for propagule collection in Hainan,Liangjiang and Shenzhen is in the middle ten days, the last ten days of August and the first ten days of September respectively. The survival rate of seedlings is the spot sowing of promoting sprout was 80.0% higher than that in the directing spot sowing. Substrate I was the best one among substrates in the container. The survival rate can reach to 100% for transplanting with small and big shrubs. The mudflat height suitable for growing trees must be first selected carefully,because the growth of seedlings and young trees is greatly affected by the tide.The mudflat height suitable to planting is above 1.42 m of the tide datum plane,and the soil must be relatively hard. The space of initial plantation should be 0.5 m×1.0 m or 1.0 m×1.0 m. A.corniculatum have a high tolerance of tide inundation and can normally grow under the staying inundation of sea water for several years.
Effects of ECM and VAM Fungi Combined Inoculation on the Growth of Eucalyptus urophylla
Chen Yinglong, Gong Mingqin, Wang Fengzhen, Chen Yu
1998, 11(5): 481-487.
Abstract:
Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza(VAM) are the two principal associations on root systems of most vesicle plants worldwide.It is proved that the genus Eucalyptus is capable of forming both ECM and VAM,even at the same root system. This paper represents the third part of the report with results from coinoculation experiment using two fungal isolates (Pisolithus tinctorius and Glomus caledonium),and demonstrates the inoculant effectiveness on the growth of Eucalyptus urophylla Seedlings. The results showed significant differences in growth and biomass between inoculated and uninoculated seedlings (P =0.01). Five months after inoculation, average height and basal diameter of coinoculated seedlings increased by 41.7%~73.8% and 17.2%~19.3% respectively,comparing to that of controls.Additionally, their mean dry weight was enhanced by 194.3%~240.3%. Mycorrhizal dependence (MD) of combined inoculated seedlings ranged from 340.3% to 294.3% based on their top dry weight. The effects on the growth of Eucalyptus inoculated with fungal isolates alone or in competition was also compared.
A New Species of the Genus Cephalcia (Hymenoptera:Pamphiliidae) from China
Xiao Gangrou, Zeng Chuihui
1998, 11(5): 488-490.
Abstract:
In this paper a new species of the genus Cephalcia is described. Cephalcia pinivora is a serious pest of Pinus massoniana Lamb. in Yongchuan and Dazu Counties, Chongqing Municipality. Cephalcia pinivora Xiao et Zeng new species Female——Yellowish brown,shining. Head and palpi yellowish brown; antennae deep yellow with apical five segments black;ocellar triangle and eyes black. Thorax yellowish brown; prescutum,most of mesoscutum,mesoscutellum, posttergite,basal part of mesoepisternum adjacent to mesobasisternum,mesoepimeron,mesobasisternum black;metascutellum,postnotum black. Wings hyaline;stigma black;veins deep yellow; below base of stigma a nearly oblong grey black patch present. Legs yellowish brown,ventral part of trochanters partly black. Abdomen yellowish brown;triangular area black. Clypeus swollen in middle,concave in lateral parts;frons swollen,not tuberculate;median fovea oval; lateral sutures and transverse suture distinct,coronal surture obsolete;OOL:POL:OCL=1.7:1:1.7;length of postocellar area :its width=1.1:1;postgenal carina absent. Punctures on postocellar area and postocular area denser,moderate sized,distance between punctures about equal to diameter of a puncture;paraantennal fields with coarse punctures;punctures on back of mesonotum sparser and those on mesoepisternum finer and denser;terga without punctures. Head and prothorax with yellowish moderate long pubescence. Body length 14 mm;antenna 29 segments. Male——Black,shining. Head and thorax black; mesobasisternum yellow. Stigma blackish brown;veins black except for costa which is yellowish black. Abdominal terga black with lateral parts yellow;posterior margins of sterna yellow. Clypeus slightly swollen in middle;frons swollen,tuberculate;median fovea indistinct;OOL:POL:OCL=2.5:1: 3.3. Body length 13 mm;antenna 29 segments. Harpes and parapenis as in fig.1 1; penis valve as in fig.1 2;ninth sternum as in fig 1 3. Other characters the same as for female. Hollotype,♀,Dazu County ,Chongqing Municipality,1997.Ⅴ.10,Xingwei Yang leg.Paratypes:4♀♀,5,same as for hollotype;Yongchuan County,Chongqing Municipality,1996.Ⅴ.17,4♀♀,6 ,Song Chen leg. Host plant: Pinus massoniana Lamb. Remarks:The new species resembles Cephalcia kunyushanica Xiao,but differs from the latter in female with ocellar triangle black,below base of stigma a nearly oblong grey black patch present,about apical half of fore and hind wings not infuscated. All the type specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of the Institute of Forest Protection,the Chinese Academy of Forestry.
Study on Masson Pine′s Seedling Cultivation Using Root-unfolding-container and Half-light-medium
Qin Guofeng, Wu Tianlin, Jin Guoqing, Yan Zhenwu, Chen Gaojie, Cai Zhongming
1998, 11(5): 491-497.
Abstract:
This paper reported mainly the research results of masson pine′s high-quality-container seedling cultivation of 3 years using root-unfolding-container and half-light-medium. (1) Seedling cultivation using root-unfolding-container could make root system extend along guiding trough instead of folding, promote side or thin root development by natural air-root-cutting,and increase plantation survival rate by tight combination of root system with medium and formation of solid root unit. (2) In comparison of two types of root-unfolding-container,box-type container was better than pipe type contaner,with 12.8% and 24.6% of seedling height growth and biomass,less stem/root rate,stronger root system, and higher seedling quality. (3) In medium comparison test,by comprehensive index selection of seedling growth, root quantity,physical and chemical charactertics,and ability of water keeping and nutrient-supplying. The superior half-light medium was mixed by 20%~40% bark-powder,20%~40% sawdust,10%~20% pig-manure,30%~40% nutrient soil and 2%~3% phosphorus fertilizer.
Nutritional Analysis and Evaluation of Sarcodon imbricatus
Feng Ying, Zhao Lifang, Chen Xiaoming, Zhou Dequn, Wang Shaoyun, Hui Yaling
1998, 11(5): 498-501.
Abstract:
Analysis of nutrition,amino acid and elements of Sarcodon imbricatus showed that the quantity of rude protein was up to 255.5 g/kg,and of which,total quantity of 16 kinds of the amino acids was up to 208.7 g/kg.Among the amino acids,the total quantity of seven necessary amino acids to human body was 88.6 g/kg,which was 42.5% of the total quantity of all kinds of amino acids in S.imbricatus. Fruit body of S.imbricatus contained a lot of mineral elements.Analysis of the hyphae and fermented liquid of S.imbricatus showed that quantity of the amino acids in the hyphae and fermented liquid were 131.1 g/kg and 225.5 mg/L respectively.They also contained several kinds of mineral elements.There is a potential to culture the hyphae and produce the protein in the artificial fermentation condition.
Analysis of Species Composition of Urban Forest in Guangzhou City
Su Juan, Sun Bing, Huang Jiaping, He Qixuan, Luo Tushou
1998, 11(5): 502-507.
Abstract:
Taking Yuexiu,Liwan,Dongshan and Tianhe administration districts with different environmental characteristics as examples,this paper describes and analyzes the spatial patterns,plant species composition,placement and aesthetic values of urban forests in Guangzhou City.It was found that the urban forests in Guangzhou are still far from achievement of its effects in effectively improving and beautifying the city environment,and more inputs are needed in expanding areas,regulating spatial patterns and species composition.
The Study of Tropical Climate (Jinghong,Yunnan) Influence White Wax Scale
Liu Huaqing, Zhang Changhai, Cai Jing, Shi Lei, Li Li, Chen Yupei
1998, 11(5): 508-512.
Abstract:
Jinghong City of Yunnan Province belongs to tropical monsoon climate.In order to study the ecological adaptation of white wax insect scales and expand the white wax production,different host trees were chosen to be planted in Jinghong and white wax scales were bred on the tree in 1992~1996.The result showed that high temperature,dry and intense sunshine were unfavorable to the growth and development of white wax scales.Female white wax scales could be reproduced,sex ratio was normal,but the next generation brood insect was small,the quantity of ovum was few.Tropical region was not suitable for brood insect base.Male insect secrete wax normally.In good environment condition area,white wax base can be built.
Effects of Different Thinning Intensities on Slash Pine Plantations
Shen Xingnan, Jiang Jingmin, Wu Cuozhu, Hu Shicai
1998, 11(5): 513-517.
Abstract:
The thinning intensities comparision tests were conducted on two slash pine plantations of 6 a and 9 a,with planting densities of 2 500 and 1 110 trees/hm2 respectively in NE Jiangxi Province. It was found after 5 years,the reserved tree density of 1 275 trees/hm2 for the first and 525 trees/hm2 for the second would significantly hasten the diameter and standing volume growth ,improve the stand structure,and effectively shorten the rotation age. The planting density and first thinning age of slash pine plantations were discussed, it was considered suitable to plant about 1 500 trees/hm2 and carry out moderate to heavy thinning in about the 10~12th year for the production of large dimension timber of slash pine.
Study on the Selection of 69 Asexual Tung Tree Families by Canonical Correlation Analysis
Chen Fei
1998, 11(5): 518-522.
Abstract:
This paper,according to the data of 69 asexual tung tree samples from the main tung origin areas all over the country,which are recorded continuously for 7 years in Jinhua experiemental site,completed the analysis of 12 factors including tree body,fruits and their economic value and their contributions by canonical correlation analysis method. The canonical correlations of comprehensive growth factors and comprehensive oil productivity factors are studied. Based on the canonical correlation value from the model of each sample,a sample distribution chart was created and all the samples are clustered as 4 groups.The oil percentages are 238.6% 187.7%,112.3%,56.1% of the control asexual sample respectively. This indicated that group Ⅰ、Ⅱare all better than the control asexual samples. Especially the first group (group Ⅰ) which includes sample No.44,No.48,No.54 and No.56 is the highest productivity category of the asexual family.
A Sustainable Approach to Developing Nontimber Forest Production through the Application of Novel and Advanced Technology
He Fang
1998, 11(5): 523-528.
Abstract:
China is endowed with a rich variety of nontimber forest resource.Presently,more than 200 species are cultivated on an acreage exceeding 20 million hactares.Managed with different forms characterized by varying ownerships,the total area devoted to nontimber forest crops will have been extended to 40 or 45 million hactares by 2000. With a view to improving production novel and advanced technology must be developed and introduced into practice,which may be done in the context of genetic study of tree species and varieties,breeding of new varieties,ecosystem approach to orchard management,better stroage methods,and new orientations for deep processing and integrated utilization.As for the development strategies,these aspects of endeavor can be divided into immediate,short term and long-term targets.
Study on Sustainable Management Unit,Criteria,Indicators and Cutting Practices in Tropical Natural Forest in Hainan Island
Chen Yongfu, Hua Wangkun, Yang Yancheng, Yang Xiusen, Li Dajiang, Zhou Yadong
1998, 11(5): 529-532.
Abstract:
Based on the summation of successful experience and failure lessons of tropical natural forest management at home and abroad,resource investigation on demonstration area of 2 000 hm2 on Bawangling Forest Bureau,Hainan Island and experiments of serial cutting and regeneration,as well as the analysis of these investigation were done,the thesis puts forward the management unit——compartment,criteria and indicators of management policy,productivity,biological diversity and protection and preservation of water and soil and cutting practices of tropical natural forest management in Hainan Island.
Study on Use of Hybrid Vigor for Gingko
Han Ninglin, Wang Kailiang
1998, 11(5): 533-536.
Abstract:
Experiments on pollination with gingko pollens collected from different places in Zhejiang or Hubei Province were conducted,then the seeds were collected and seedlings from those seeds were cultivated.The result indicated that the descendants from long-distance pollination showed significant growth dominance over those from domestic pollination. Comparing two-year-old seedlings,the increment of height,diameter of root collar,the number of bud and leaf increased by 28.2%~55.0%,13.2%~18.3%,29.5%~61.8%,41.0%~68.8% respectively.The growth dominance increased also with the distance between pollen sources and receptor trees.The experiment also revealed that the content of ginkgolide in the leaf is hereditable.
Quantifying and Predicting Stand Diameter Structure with the Logistic Distribution
Wang Mingliang, Sun Dezhou
1998, 11(5): 537-541.
Abstract:
The possibility of applying the Logistic distribution: F(x) =1/1+exp[-(x-a)/b] to quantify and predict diameter distributions for even-aged pure stands was discussed from the distribution point of view. Results of analyses show that the relationship between parameter a,b and stand quadratic mean diameter Dg could be expressed as linear forms as following: a=a0+a1Dg,b=b0+b1Dg and then the predicting model for stand diameter distribution was constructed: F(x)=1/1+ exp -[x-(a0+a1Dg)]/b=b0+b1Dg (note: a,b,a′,b′,a0,a1,b0,b1 are parameters, F(x) is the cumulative frequency corresponding to diameter x).
The Effects of Dual inoculation of Ectomycorrhiza and Rhizobia on the Growth of Acacia mangium
Wang Xinrong, Kang Lihua
1998, 11(5): 542-546.
Abstract:
Acacia mangium seedlings were artificially inoculated with its superior ectomycorrhizal fungus Scleroderma polyrhizum and nitrogen-fixing bacteria rhizobia LR001.After 3 months inoculation,the seedlings could form its typical ectomycorrhiza and nodulation. The result showed that the infection rate of mycorrhiza and nodulation are 100% with higher infection degree. The growth of the seedlings was promoted. The height,ground diameter,fresh weight and dry weight all increased in a certain degree. Dry weight of root biomass underground increased evidently by 430.61% in comparison with the control. One way analysis of variance and multiple range analysis for seedling height indicated that there was an obviously significant difference between inoculation and control.
Study on Mechanism of Fire-resistance for Alnus tinctoria
Gao Guoping, Wang Zhongyou, Zhou Zhiquan
1998, 11(5): 547-550.
Abstract:
Through the study on growth,forest type structure,forest fuel weight and measuring of forest litter combustibility,the resutls showed: the growth of Alnus tinctoria is a fast,forest type structure has fire-resistance for ground fire,weight of forest fuel is 1.19~1.46 kg/m2 and not easily to burn. So it is suitable to build fire prevention belts in artificial coniferous forest.
The Effect of S-3307 on the Vegetative Growth, Blossoming and Bearing Fruit in Oil-tea Tree
Li Peiqing, Long Boyang, Song Yongqing
1998, 11(5): 551-555.
Abstract:
S-3307 of different dosages were sprayed at different timeson leaves of oil-tea trees and their effects to trees vegetative growth,blossoming and bearing fruit were studied. The result shows:when S-3307 of 500 mg/L(middle concentration) is sprayed on leaves on April 20,it restrains the growth of buds suitably,compared with check,shoot length,shoot diameter and single leaf area decreaseby 29.1%,9.1% and 5.6%,respectively;and the rate of flower bud differentiation,bearing fruit, weight/single fruit and fruit weight/single tree increase by 14.1%,33.6%,26.4% and 98.7%,respectively;it appears to promot the flower’s bud differentiation and fruit growth.When S-3307 of 250 mg/L(low concentration) is sprayed later (May 5),its effect is not obvious.The increase of output is low.When S-3307 of 1000 mg/L(high concentration) is sprayed early (April 5),the oil-tea trees vegetative growth and reproduction growth are restrained obviously,which resulted in the reduction of output.The experiment of separating one spraying into several sprayings (keep same concentration) shows that the effect of S-3307, to oil-tea trees is determined mainly by S-3307 concentration,little is concerned with spraying times.Besides,the experiment proves that S-3307 of suitable concentration can increase the content of chlorophyll,soluble sugar,soluble protein and praline in leaves,reduce the permeability of cell membrane,increase oil-tea trees heat resistance,drought resistance,cold resistance,reduce the number of fallen buds,fallen blossoms,fallen frutis,help to increase the output of oil-tea tree.
Observations on the Microstructure of Leaf Surfaces of Wild and Cultivated Olive with SEM
Li Yang, Yao Xishen
1998, 11(5): 556-559.
Abstract:
The leaf surface of wild and cultivated olive were observered with scanning electron microscope (SEM 505). It showed that there are many differences between them in microstructure. It was mainly that the lepidotes on the midrib of the lower surface of the leaf of the wild olive are rare,while those of the cultivated olive are densly covered. And,on the lateral sides of the guard cells of the wild olive,there are many coarse striae,while those are few on the cultivated olive.
Microclimatic Characteristics in the Sparse Stand of Pinus massoniana Mixed with Castanopsis hystrix
Yang Maojing, Huang Jingguang, Huang Segui, Wu Jiping
1998, 11(5): 560-563.
Abstract:
In the hottest August,routine meteorological study method was used to observe the microclimatic changes in the sparse stand of Pinus massoniana mixed with Castanopsis hystrix,sparse pure stand of P.massoniana and the vacant space in the stand.The observation showed that the microclimate in the mixed stand was the best,which was beneficial for the tree growth. In the above-mentioned 3 plots,the intensity of illumination at the height of 150 cm was 666, 8 505 and 49 263 lx respectivly;ground temperature difference between day and night 4.6,13.7 and 33.9 ℃ respectively,soil surface temperature 26.6,30.2 and 41.8 ℃ respectively,relative humidity of air 70.4%,67.4% and 66.6% respectively;24 h evaporation amount at the height of 70 cm 1.78,2.88 and 5.96 mm respectively.