• 中国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库来源期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊(CJCR)
  • 第二届国家期刊奖提名奖

2001 Vol. 14, No. 6

Display Method:
Some Sustainable Strategies of Improvement and Breeding for Eucalyptus Tree Species in Southern China
XU Jian min, BAI Jia yu, LU Zhao hua
2001, 14(6): 587-594.
Abstract:
Depend upon the large amount demand for new varieties with high quality, productive, resistant and stability of eucalyptus for developing industrial pulpwood and timber plantation in southern China, some existing problems and issues relating to improvement and breeding of eucalyptus are discussed. It is important that the success of sustainable management of eucalyptus plantation depends on a powerful genetic improvement system for long term breeding, and which is hold on implement population genetic improvement for many generations and enhance the studies on interspecific hybridization within the promising species and developing promising hybrid clones in large scale. Emphasis will be put on the utilization of biotechnology by means of gene engineering for future marker assisted selection using in traditional breeding of eucalyptus. It is also important that increasing efficiency of improvement and breeding should be considered genetic variations among provenances, families, single trees, and even cells and molecules in future.
Study on Hydro-ecological Benefits of Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest at the Qiandao Lake Region
QIN Guo feng
2001, 14(6): 595-602.
Abstract:
Scaled dams location observation of hydrological dynamics of evergreen broad leaved forest at the Qiandao Lake region was conducted for 8 consecutive years from 1986 to 1993.A 10 8 hm2 forest consisting of Castanopsis sclerophlla and Lithocarpus glaber was selected for trial.From 1987 to 1992,the annual precipitation and evaporation averaged 1 410 mm and 908 mm, while the water flow of this forest averaged 4 079 m3, which was equal to 407 9 mm or 28 9% of the average annual precipitation, the water flow averaged 108~158 m3·d-1 in rainy season, 68~86 m3·d-1 in normal season, and less than 40 m3·d-1 in dry season with the least of 7 9 m3·d-1. The evergreen broad leaved forest has strong water maintenance capacity and forms a sustainable and favorable hydrological ecology.
A Study on the Ant Community of Horizontal Band on the East Slope of the Gaoligong Mountain Nature Reserve
XU Zheng hui, WU Ding min, CHEN Zhi qiang, JIANG Xing cheng
2001, 14(6): 603-609.
Abstract:
On the east slope of Gaoligong Mountain each section has its endemic ant species except the middle south section at 2 500 m. From north to south, the amount of endemic species increases at 1 000 m,1 500 m, 2 000 m and 2 500 m contours, but the north section at 1 500 m and 2 000 m has exceptionally high endemic species amount. Most species appears as dominant species only in a sample plot at different altitude contour on the east slope, and dominant species of the north section are commonly different from that of the south section. Dominant species amount of north section are higher than that of south section at 1 000 m and 2 000 m contours, in contrast dominant species amount of north section is lower than that of south section at 1 500 m. At 2 500 m, dominant species amount of different sections tends to be equal. A common regularity is shown in species amount and density at horizontal band on the east slope. From north to south, species amount and density increase at 1 000 m and 2 500 m contours but decrease at 1 500 m. Obvious regularity is also observed in predominant index, species diversity index and evenness index at 1 000 m contour. From north to south, predominant indices decrease but diversity indices and evenness indices increase with exception at north section. Due to the secondary and fragmentation of vegetation, ant communties have no regularity in predominant index, species diversity index and evenness index at 1 500 m, 2 000 m and 2 500 m contours.Although the east slope with similar vegetation type at same contour, ant communities have distinct difference from one to another and with similarity coefficients range from 0 to 0.50. At 1 000 m on the foot of the mountain, similarity coefficients among ant communities are higher and range from 0.25 to 0.50. While the altitude increasing, similarity coefficients among ant communities at the same horizontal band decrease.
The Structure of Sonneratia apetala+S. caseolaris-Kandelia candelMangrove Plantations of Futian,Shenzhen
ZAN Qi jie, WANG Yong jun, LIAO Bao wen, ZHENG De zhang, CHEN Yu jun
2001, 14(6): 610-615.
Abstract:
The plantation experiments of Sonneratia apetala+S. caseolaris-Kandelia candel forest in front of the natural forests in Futian of Shenzhen Natural Reserve indicated that the 7 year old community was divided obviously into three layers: arbor layer, shrubs layer and seedlings layer. The average heights of S. apetala, S. caseolaris and K. candel in the arbor layer were 9.11 m,8.06 m,and 2.89 m respectively. During the course of community forming, the biodiversity decreased at first and then increased, exceeding the diversity when planting. The mortality of S. apetala and S. caseolaris was the highest in the first year, and gradually tended to be stable. The mortality of K. candel was the highest in the third and fourth year, and gradually tended to be stable. The survival rates of S. apetala, S. caseolaris and K. candel after 7 years were 56 3%, 51% and 39% respectively. The growth speed of height and diameter of S. apetala, S. caseolaris was obviously faster than that of K. candel.
Characteristics of the Respiratory Metabolism of Chinolyda flagellicornis Prepupa
WANG Man qun, PAN Hui, LI Zhou zhi
2001, 14(6): 616-620.
Abstract:
The rates of oxygen consumption (μL(O2)· mg-1 ·h-1) of the Chinolyda flagellicornis prepupa was determined with the respirameter (SKW 3). The results showed that the respiratory rates, which followed a U shaped curve, was characterized by a conspicuous reduction in the metabolic intensity, the bottom region of the curve lasted nearly 300 days, and in this stage, respiratory rate had no correlation with the surrounding temperature. The respiratory quotient of prepupa (RQ) was 0.76, and it is showed that in the period of prepupa stage the lipid was the major material to be used to yield energy. For there is no visible difference in morphology between diapausing and non diapausing prepupa, the respiratory rate can be used as indicator for the starting or termination point of diapause.
Tissue Culture and Regenerative System of Ficus carica
DUAN Xin ling, REN Dong sui, ZHAO Shu zhen
2001, 14(6): 621-627.
Abstract:
The methods of building the regenerative system of Ficus carica were studied, which would supply basic means and theoretical basis for its improvement and breeding and mechanism of inhibitory effect of NaCl. In this paper, shoot tip, axillary bud and dormant axillary bud were used as initial explant. After sterile shoots were obtained, different explants from them were cultured and regenerated into plantlets. Various media and hormones, hormone concentrations tested in induction. The best medium and hormone combination were suggested, and some problems of survival rate were also explored in transplanting plantlet experiment.
Study on the Resources and Pathogenicity of Entomogenous Fungi in Lishan National Nature Reserve
SONG Dong hui, SONG Shu mei, ZHANG Zuo gang, HE Yun chun, WANG Jian ming, LI Yu she
2001, 14(6): 628-632.
Abstract:
The resources and pathogenicity of entomogenous fungi in Lishan National Nature Reserve in the southern east of Shanxi Province were studied.Fungi of 19 species of 13 genera of 3 orders were isolated and identificated and 2 new taxa were peculiar to Shanxi Province. Among them, fungi of Hyphomycetales were dominant. The pathogenicity test of Beauveria amorpha and Verticillium indicum to larvaes of Cerura menciana and Parnops glasunowi were tested. The average pathogenical effect of Beauveria amorpha can be increased by 16 4% higher than that of Verticillium indicum.
Study on the Effects of Chilling Stress on the Metabolism of Acacia mangium
WU Guang hong, ZHAN Fu jian, HUANG Zhuo lie, LUO Huan liang, SHAO Zhi fang
2001, 14(6): 633-640.
Abstract:
The plants of Acacia mangium QLD19835 clone were studied under the chilling stress in the phytotrons. The plants suffered from temperature changes from30 ℃ to 6 ℃. The results showed that the electrical conductivity, the contents of soluble sugar, proline, soluble protein in the phyllodia (petioles) increased in the low temperature stress. The activities of ATPase, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) changed with chilling treatment. Under the stress of low temperature, cell membrane system was damaged and the electrical conductivity increased. The activity of ATPase decreased. These physiological changes might play an important role in protecting cell stability and promoting the enduring ability of plants to the low temperature. The results indicated that Acacia mangium QLD19835 clone had enduring ability to the stress of low temperature.
Genetic Analysis of Half Diallel Progeny of Slash Pine
ZHAO Fen cheng, ZHANG Ying zhong, LI Xian zheng, LI Fu ming, HE Mu jin, HUANG Yong quan
2001, 14(6): 641-647.
Abstract:
Data from 10 year old 6×6 half diallel progeny test of slash pine (Pinus elliottii), across two test sites, were used to estimate the genetic parameters for height, diameter at breast height, volume, wood density, stem straightness, and wind resistance. There was greatly significant difference between test sites for all traits examined, except wood density. Interaction effect between sites and crosses also existed to a certain extent for all traits, and the effect was significant for diameter at breast height and density, the ratios of additive variance to total genetic variance were from 96 41% to 100% for diameter at breast height, volume, straightness, density, and resistance, when mean square of general combining ability (GCA) was significantly greater than that of specific combining ability (SCA). But the result was not similar for height. GCA effects were the main genetic factor to control the performance of full sib families. SCA and reciprocal effects affected the performance of full sib families as well, but the degree was lower. The individual heritabilities of narrow sense were 0.001 and 0.074, 0.080 and 0.144, 0.068 and 0.137, 0.108 and 0.609, 0.052 and 0.252, and 0.058 for height, diameter at breast height, volume, density, straightness, wind resistance (only single site), respectively, across two sites.
Study on the Microbe Quantity and Enzymatic Activity in Rhizospheric and Non-rhizospheric Soil under Phyllostachyspubescens Forest
XU Qiu fang, JIANG Pei kun
2001, 14(6): 648-652.
Abstract:
The sampling method was used to analyze the microbe quantity and enzymatic activity in rhizospheric soil of Phyllostachys pubescens. The results showed that the quantity of bacteria in rhizosphere was more than that in non rhizosphere, the R/S value was 1 53 in average. For the bamboo stand with different age, the quantity of microbe and enzymatic activity in rhizosphere under 1 and 3 year old stand was higher than that under 5 year old stand. The quantity of fungi followed the same pattern (R/S 2.05), but the quantity of fungi in rhizosphere under 3 year old stand was more than that under 1 year old stand. No distinct difference was found about the quantity of actinomyces between rhizosphere and non rhizosphere or among stands with different ages. The activities of hydrogen peroxidase, urease and sucrase were higher in rhizosphere than in non rhizosphere, and the R/S values were 1.28, 1.48 and 1.94 respectively. However, no significant difference was found among various ages of bamboo stand. The activities of protease and phosphatase were also higher in rhizosphere than in non rhizosphere, and the R/S values were 2.00 and 1.82 respectively. Protease activity of rhizosphere under 3 year old stand was higher than that under 1 and 5 year old stand. The difference of phosphatase activity in rhizosphere and non rhizosphere also existed for both 3 and 5 year old stands.
Study on Saperda populnea Harming Populus × xiaozhuarica cv. 'Baicheng'
WANG Fu wei, PI Zhong qing, GAO Li jun, CHEN Yu heng, CHENG Bin, LI Xiao ying
2001, 14(6): 653-656.
Abstract:
Saperda populnea is one of the important pests on poplar's branch and top in Jilin Province. The damage of this insect to Populus × xiaozhuarica cv.'Baicheng' was studied. This pest parasites on the branches with diameter less than 0.5 cm. In the early stage,92.2% of the branches will be withered and wind broken.In the late stage,11.5% of the branches with diameter less than 1 0 cm will be wind broken. When the adult insect emerges,87.4% of the invaded branches will be withered and wind broken.The gall formed by S. populnea has serious influence on the consecutive increments of branch and top. If there is one or two galls on the top of a main branch,the increment of the branch will decrease by 28.3%,16.4% and 9.8%, 42.0%, 28.9% and 17.2% respectively in the first, second and the third year. If there is one or two galls on the top of a lateral branch,the increment will decrease by 21.7%, 12.1% and 6.3%, 34.8%, 22.8% and 13.8% respectively in the first, second and the third year.
Study on the Present Condition and the Potentialities of the Productivity of Main Tree Species Plantation of ChinaⅡ.Study on the Plantation Productivities of Eucalyptus, Larix and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica
SUN Chang zhong, SHEN Guo fang, LI Ji yue, JIA Li ming
2001, 14(6): 657-667.
Abstract:
Based on the sample plots of forest surveying, the present productivities of the Eucalyptus plantation in three provinces, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan, and of the Larix plantation and of the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in Heilongjiang Province were evaluated with climate productivities of the different provinces. The results show: (1) The present productivity levels of Eucalyptus plantations are 22.81% and 41.08% of themselves climate productivities respectively in the west regional of Guangdong Province and in Hainan Province. (2)The present productivity of the fast growing and high yield Eucalyptus plantation is 73.78% of the climatic productivity in Guangxi Province. (3) The present productivities of Larix and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation are 25.70%~41 68% and 28.45%~51.55% of the climate productivity in Heilongjiang Province. The potentialities of the main three species of plantations were studied systematically. The productivity levels of the plantations, in the present conditions of the forest management technique and economy, are advanced. The fast growing and high yield Eucalyptus plantation would be higher than 80.00% of the climate productivity. The Larix, in ≥14 site index, and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations, in ≥12 site index, would be higher than 70.00% and 80.00% of the climate productivities.
Cultivation Techniques of Betula alnoides
ZHENG Hai shui, ZENG Jie, WENG Qi jie
2001, 14(6): 668-673.
Abstract:
The paper introduces Betula alnoides Hamilt. in terms of its speciality of growth, utilization, distribution zones, and cultivation technlques. The species is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical area of Vietnam, Laos, Burma, Thailand, India as well as Yunnan, Hainan and southern Guangxi of China with characters of fast growth, enduring infertile soil condition. It is a suitable tree species for restoring degraded lands,reclaiming degraded forests.Specially,the wood of the species with good property is of high market value and usually used to make evneer and furniture. Over logging had led to depletion of natural resources of the species. The urgent thing to do is to develop its plantation for meeting the increasing demand of people and society. The key of developing the plantation lies in duly collection, conservation and,treatment of seeds. The potted seedlings are needed. The schedule is to seminate seeds in July or August, pot in October, and plant in March or April of next year when the seedlings reacn the height of 20~30 cm? In nursery,watering and fertilizer application should be attended. Generally, planting season is from March to April, but it is possible from July to August for districts with clear dry and wet season. There are two manners of site preparation, one is to make strip line, the other is to dig holes (50 cm×50 cm×40 cm). Planting is followed by application of base fertilizer with spacing of 2 m×3 m or 3 m×3 m. Tending is needed in the coming three years after planting, and the first thinning is suggested in 6 to 8 years.
The Present Status of Study and Utilization of Pigeonpea in China and Its Prospects
LI Zheng hong, ZHOU Chao hong, GU Yong, ZHANG Jan yun
2001, 14(6): 674-681.
Abstract:
This paper reviews the germplasm, the traditional uses and present study status Involving with diseases and pests, characters and new uses of pigeonpea in China. Synthetically considering the afforestation in wasteland and cultivated land for forestation, the authors highlight the potential development of pigeonpea used as vegetable, protein resources and an agroforestry crop.
Cultivation trial of Michelia hedyosperma
LI Yun xing, LU Gnang yang, MA Jing
2001, 14(6): 682-687.
Abstract:
The results of seedling stage trial showed that with the pattern of sowing seeds as they are collected, transplanting in the row spacing of 15 cm×20 cm, shading and under normal cultivation conditions, the mean height and basal diameter of 16 month old seedlings were 72.9 cm and 0.98 cm,respectively. The survival rate of afforestation of bare rooted seedlings reached as high as 98.5%. The increment peak of tree height and DBH is in May August. The growth period is in April September and the stagnant period of growth is in January March and October December. At the age of 4 years old, the current annual increments of height and DBH were the maximum. The mixed stand of M. hedyosperma and Cunninghamia lanceolata has well stand structure. Under the optimal mixing treatment, the mean tree height and DBH of 4 year old M. hedyosperma are 3.99 m and 6.18 cm, while that of C. lanceolata are 5.05 m and 8.55 cm, which is 10.1% and 19.1% higher than that of C. lanceolata pure stand.
Study on Using Fenitrothion·buprofezen 50% EC to Control Monochamus alternatus
SUN Ji mei, TANG Zong bin, JIANG De ji, FAN Li fang
2001, 14(6): 688-691.
Abstract:
To control Monochamus alternatus and its amount of population is one of the effective ways on controlling Bursaphelechus xylophilus.The Japanese black pine which were badly harmed by M.alternatus were sprayed with the ditution from diluting fenitrothion · buprofezen 50%EC with water to 100 times, 200 times and 300 times. In this trial, the treatment is divided into two groups: one is of the different concentration but the same object (trees in the forest), the other is of the same concentration but different environmental condition (trees in the forest and felling trees indoor). Each treatment repeated five times. In the meantime, the check is not treated. After twice trial, the result indicated that the mortality rate of M. alternatus is 71.33%, 52.31% and 37.82% in the condition that trees in the forest were sprayed with the 100 times, 200 times and 300 times fenitrothion·buprofezen, and 69 69% in the condition that the felling trees indoor were spraded with 100 times fenitrothion·buprofezen, but the mortality rate of the check is only 8.92%. By this trial, it was also found that the dead adults of M.alternatus laid in the entrance of emergance hole, so enhancing the somatic character of fenitrothion · buprofezen can enhance the injury ratio of larva and pupae of M.alternatus.
Integration of Remote Sensing and GIS Based on Forest Resource Information Updating and Mapping
TAN Bing xiang, DU Ji shan
2001, 14(6): 692-696.
Abstract:
Forest resource is often changed by the influence of human activities and natural damages. It is important to detect those change in time for forestry management planning. In China, the traditional way to obtain the change information of forest resource is carried out by means of "forest resource inventory and planning". There are several disadvantage within this means, for example, the period of re inventory is longer, the quality of sub compartment distribution map is poor, etc.. So we tried to find a good way to detect the forest resource change and to get finely result in order to update the forest data in time. In this paper, we introduced the study on detecting the forest resource change information and forest mapping using remote sensing and GIS techniques combined the conventionality way. First, the forest change area were identified from TM image and created a new sub compartment boundary map, then updating the old sub compartment boundary map using this new map. Second, updating the attribution database according to the sub compartment level field inventory data and the new sub compartment boundary map. Finally some comparison were made between the result of monitoring and the local field data, the accuracy is good. The study results showed this paper can be used as a working plan for further forest GIS development, where remote sensing is also utilized as a part of forest resource information management system.
Relationship between the Seedling Growth of Quercus liaotungensis and Light
HE Shun qin, WANG Fa qi
2001, 14(6): 697-700.
Abstract:
In order to inquire into the relationship between the seedling growth of Quercus liaotungensis and light, using green wire entanglement shading, we set up four light condition (eg. full light, 50% of full light, 30% of full light, nonlight)to study the rate of emergence of seedlings, the height growth of nursery stock, the diameter near the earth's surface of nursery stock, the rate of net photosynthesis, transpiration and the obstruction of stoma under different light condition. The result showed that the seedling growth of Quercus liaotungensis was not suited to grow under full light, but under 50% of full light. Under 50% of full light, the rate of emergence of seedlings was the hightest. In addition, under this condition, the fastest growth of on height and the diamter near the earth's surface. At the same time the rate of net photosynthesis and transpiration was the most effective. So a conclusion was drawn that the seedling growth of Quercus liaotungensis was affected.