• 中国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库来源期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊(CJCR)
  • 第二届国家期刊奖提名奖

2002 Vol. 15, No. 5

Display Method:
A Study on the Element Extraction from OrganicMatter of Forest Floor of Norway Spruce
WANG Yan hui, Peter Rademacher, Horst F?lster
2002, 15(5): 505-514.
Abstract:
The samples of organic matter on forest floor of a Norway spruce stand in Solling, Germany, were extracted. It shows that the decomposition degree of forest floor materials, water: sample ratio, and the pH value in extracting solution are important factors controlling the element extraction. The extraction of most cations is strongly influenced by the H+ exchange mechanism. Therefore lower pH value leads to more extraction; while higher pH value and its increase due to dilution leads to less extraction. Widening water: sample ratio until a certain value leads to a new balance of element concentration between solution and forest floor materials towards more extraction. In addition, the increase of pH value caused by further widening water: sample ration becomes a limiting factor and leads to less extraction, especially for the di and trivalent cations. Combination of these 2 influencing aspects makes the extraction curves versus water: sample ratio very complex. The influences of total element content ( T, μmol(+)·kg-1 forest floor materials), pH value in extracting solution and water: sample ratio ( W, kg·kg-1)on element amount extracted( Y, μmol(+)·kg-1 forest floor materials) can be described in mathematical models. The model is Y=A+(T-A)· exp (-B·pH)/[1+C· exp (-W)] for Na+, K+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Mn 2+,Al3+ and Fe t; while Y=a+b W c for H+. For the water extraction of strongly acidified forest floor materials no expectant optimal water: sample ratio exists. With lower water:sample ratio the variance of element concentration ratios is greater; with higher water: sample ratio the variance of element amount ratios is greater. However, the water content of saturation can be used as a compromised water: sample ratio for the water extraction of strongly acidified sample of organic matter on forest floor. The water content of saturation is 3.4, 3.2, 2.0 kg·kg-1 for O L, O F and O H, respectively.
Research on Mycorrhiza of Tectona grandis and Its Effect on Seedling Growth
GONG Ming qin, WANG Feng zhen, CHEN Yu, LIANG Kun nan
2002, 15(5): 515-520.
Abstract:
The results of sampling investigation at 7 sites in three provinces of south China showed that all of the seven root samples of Teak were infected by Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with an infecting rate of 40% 70% and infecting index of 11.67 19.17 in the natural condition. The research results of teak seedlings of 12 provenances inoculated artificially by 4 AMF showed all the inoculated treatments were with an infection rate of 70% 100%. 4 clones of teak seedlings were inoculated with 3 AMF and the infection rate was 86% 100% and the infection index 28.33 52.5. The height, ground diameter and biomass of inoculated seedlings increased respectively by 54.0% 408%,5% 430% and 116.4% 2-574.8% compared with the control seedlings. The results of variance analysis showed that the differences among clones, mycorrhizal strains or clone×mycorrhizal strains on seedling height, ground diameter and biomass comparing with contrast were high remarkable. In conclusion, the three mycorrhizas strains have inoculation effect on the growth of seedlings, with the best one strain G9004, followed by strain G6008 and strain G3006.
Comparative Anatomy of 17 Cinnamonum Wood
SUN Jin, WU Hong, SUN Tong xing, GAO Zhen zhong, LI Kai fu, LI Bing tao
2002, 15(5): 521-530.
Abstract:
The wood anatomy of 17 native species belonging to Cinnamonum of Lauraceae was studied with both light microscope and scanning electron microscope.The main characters of the secondary xylem are as follows: (1) The woods are diffuse and semi ring porous with most solitary pores,a few multiple and cluster pores.(2) Vessel elements possess simple and scalariform perforation with predominantly alternate intervessel pits.(3) The woods possess mostly multiseriate ray and a few linear ray (4) Wood rays are heterogenous belonging to the Kribs' hetergeneous Ⅲ or Ⅱ B. Vessel ray pits are mainly of sculpture type (5) Wood axial parenchyma are mainly of diffuse and scanty paratracheal type, only a few are of vasicentric, aliform type (6) All woods of 17 species possess oil cells or mucilage cells in axial parenchyma cells or ray cells. According to the results mentioned above, we come to the conclusion that significant differences of wood structures in Cinnamonum may be employed as classification confirmation. Wood anatomy of Cinnamonum supports C.liouii and C.chingii as separate.
A Discussion on Indexes and Methods of Economic Evaluation of Lac Insect
CHEN You qing, CHEN Xiao ming, LI Kun
2002, 15(5): 531-536.
Abstract:
Comprehensive methods and formulas of lac insect evaluation were proposed in this paper based on such indexes from lac insect cultivation and production.These formulas could be shown as follows: 1) E=e×p×(1-m)×(1-s) for seed lac; 2)I=(N t+1)/N t=∏(si)·p ♀·F for production and 3)E=p×(1-m)×(1-s)×d for host trees. It is more objective and reasonable for judging the insect on its seed lac, production and host tree adaptability by ways of comprehensive evaluation than that of traditional methods.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Wheat Roots in Apple-wheat Intercropping
ZHANG Jin song, MENG Ping, YIN Chang jun, MA Xiao qi, FENG Wei dong
2002, 15(5): 537-541.
Abstract:
The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of wheat fine roots in the apple wheat intercropping were conducted in the hilly region of TaiHang Mountain. The results showed that the wheat roots system were characterized with densely and sparsely distributed zone vertically, belonging to 0.40 cm and 40.80 cm in soil depth, where the amount of the fine roots accounted for 81.93 % and 18.07% of the total respectively; the horizontal difference of fine roots, characterized with the closer to the tree row and the higher wheat fine root density was more significant with the wheat stage; the filling stage was the turning point in the wheat root growth.
Study on Nutrient Conditions of Horned Gall Aphid and the Fertilization Effect of Rhus chinensis
SU Jian rong, ZHANG Yan ping, YANG Li zhen, LIU Juan
2002, 15(5): 542-546.
Abstract:
The concentrations of some contents in the leaves of Rhus chinensis were studied in this paper. The results indicated that the concentration of vitamin C and total amino acids in normal leaves without gall were 1.15% and 11.1%. But it reduced rapidly to 0.68% and 7.85% in leaves with horned galls hosted. The concentration of soluble sugar and tannin acid also changed between the leaves with and without galls hosted. A hypothesis based on this evidence is proposed that the development of gall tissue and metabolizing of gall aphids depleted huge amount of the two kind of substance and lowered their contents in the leaves of host tree. The fertilization effect of young tree is carried out by pot experiment: the growth of height, caliper, fresh weight and the size of leaves were affected by add different quantities of nitrogenous or phosphate fertilizer, the concentration of vitamin C was more susceptible to fertilizer than that of tannin and soluble sugar.
A Study on the Seed Plant Flora of Nanshan Natural Secondary Forest in Shenzhen City
WANG Dian pei, JI Shu yi, CHEN Fei peng, XING Fu wu, CHEN Guo hua
2002, 15(5): 547-554.
Abstract:
There are 247 seed plants in Nanshan flora of natural secondary forest, belonging to 184 genera of 78 families. The result of research showed that the floral composition was dominated by the tropical subtropical composition, the dominant families were obvious, the genera which had many species were few, the proportion of genera which had one species were comparatively great, and the endemic species were few. Owing to the human activity, the vegetation has been partly destroyed. The protection measures should be taken immediately to restore vegetation.
A New Butt and Root Rot Pathogen on Listsea cubeba in Guizhou of China
DAI Yu cheng, WU Xing liang, XU Mei qing
2002, 15(5): 555-558.
Abstract:
A new butt and root rot pathogen, Ganoderma tsunodae, is reported from Guizhou of China. It mainly attacks Litsea cubeba, and causes a white rot of butt and root. Its illustrated description is given in detail based on the material from China and the specimen from its type locality in Japan. The characteristics of the pathogen are provided, and the symptom, damage and distribution of the disease are described.
Genetic Analysis and Family Selection for Main Traits of Growth and Wood Quality of Chinese Fir
HE Gui ping, CHEN Yi tai, ZHANG Guo wu
2002, 15(5): 559-563.
Abstract:
The four main traits of growth( H,D,V) and wood density in 19 year old Chinese fir plantation on 8×8 self diallei crossing were determined and analysed and the index selection were adopted in family selection. The results showed that the four main traits were highly significant,and variances due to GCA were highly significant for all the four traits. The estimated components of GCA variance were more than 75% of all genetic variances,indicating the predominance additive gene actine for these traits. The broad heritability for four traits were 9.97% 41.49%, and for narrow heritability 8.48% 34.20%. The genetic correletion coefficient were highly among three growth traits, and the genetic correletion coefficient were negative weak among three growth traits and wood density. Parent Long 5 and Gao 37 were highly general combiners for three growth traits, and parent Long 5 and Long 1 were highly general combiners for wood density. Six good families were selected by restricted index method with two traits of V and wood density, keeping wood density of good changless to compared with experiment population, V increased 22.97% to experiment population.
A Research of Gap Regeneration of Virgin Fir Forest in Mount Sejila in Tibet
LUO Da qing, GUO Quan shui, XUE Hui ying, BIANBA Duo ji, PAN Gang
2002, 15(5): 564-569.
Abstract:
By investigating gap generation of virgin fir forest on Mount Sejila, the size and the generation of gaps, relationship between the age and the regeneration of gaps were studied and the qualitative characteristics and the growth up of seedling, young tree and small tree between gaps and non gaps were compared. It was discovered that the gaps with area about 100 m2 is the most appropriate for seedlings lower than 20 cm in height to exist; if the area of gap is over 100 m2, the amount of seedling reduces with the increase of gap area; the gaps with area about 300 m2 is the most appropriate for young fir and small diameter tree to grow. There is the most abound seedlings and young trees and less small diameter trees in the gaps ageing about thirty, the quality of small trees increases while the quality of young seedlings and trees decreases with gap age increasing. The density of seedling, young trees and small diamater trees in gaps is higher than that in non gaps. Gaps have little effect on growth of seedling aged three while they promote the growth of young trees aged four, especially they have obvious effect on growth of young trees aged from 9 to 16.
Study on Volatile Constituents of Populus deltoides with Different Resistant Ability to Batocera horsfieldi
SUN Li yan, HAN Yi fan, ZHOU Yin lian, RUAN Da jin
2002, 15(5): 570-574.
Abstract:
The volatile constituents resistant to Batocera horsfieldi in 4 kinds of Populus deltoides were studied. Sixty eight constituents were determined by GC MS DS. It is discovered that the better the resistant ability to B.horsfieldi, the higher the content of alkyl hydrocarbon in the 4 varieties of P. deltoides tested. Twenty four main constituents were clustered. The result of clustering analysis coincides with the actual situation.
Dynamics of Standing Crop of N and P for Fine Roots of Mixed Forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Tsoongiodendron odorum
YANG Yu sheng, CAI Li ping, CHEN Guang shui, HE Zong ming, CHEN Yin xiu
2002, 15(5): 575-581.
Abstract:
Dynamics of standing crop of N and P for fine roots of pure and mixed Tsoongiodendron odorum forests of Cunninghamia lanceolata were studied. The standing crop of N and P for fine roots of mixed forest were 1.3 and 1.2 times, and annual return were 1.23 and 1.14 times as much as those of pure forest, respectively, which were 38.3% and 67.4% of those returned through litterfall. Annual decomposition was 1.26 and 1.23 times, and annual accumulation was 1.23 and 1.14 times, respectively, as much as those of pure forest. It showed that fine roots of mixed forest had a higher accumulation capacity and a more rapid turnover rate of nutrients. Fine roots of undergrowth played an important role in nutrient cycling of fine roots of forest community. Roots 0.5 mm in diameter was the major body in nutrient cycling of fine roots. Seasonal dynamics of standing crop of nutrient in living fine roots of C. lanceolata showed a single apex curve for N and double apices one for P, and those for N and P in dead fine roots both showed an "S" curve. The dynamics for fine roots of T. odorum were similar to those of C. lanceolata, except for that of P in living roots which showed a single apex curve. The dynamics of standing crop of N and P for living fine roots of undergrowth in both stands showed a double apices curve, and those for dead roots showed a single vale one.
The Effect of Coppice Number on Its Growth and Productivityin Second Rotation of Eucalyptus urophylla
YANG Zeng jiang, XU Da ping, JIANG Song yuan, WEN Ji xian
2002, 15(5): 582-587.
Abstract:
The impact of stem number left for each trunk on tree growth and productivity in a second rotation coppice of Eucalyptus urophylla was studied by cutting 5.5 years old plantation in previous rotation. The results showed that the survival rate of coppice was lower in one stem left than 2 5 stem left per trunk. The coppice with less stem or stems would have a higher increment of height, diamter and volume of indivival stem. At year 3.5, the stand volume was the highest (45.49 m3·ha-1) in the treatment with 3 stems left per tree, followed by the treatments with 4 and 2 stems per tree are the second (44.21 m3·ha-1) and third (42.25 m3·ha-1) respectively. They were 131.7%, 128.0% and 123.0% of the stand volume in the control treatment (no thinning for the second rotation coppice), respecively. The pole production for construction were 174.3%, 148.6% and 155.4% of the control treatment, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that 3 stems per tree should be left on the middle fertility site at the planting spacing 2 m×3 m and 2 4 stems per tree should be left to second rotation coppice of E. ruophylla in south China.
Study on the Phosphate Buffering Capacity and Fertiphos Requirement of Red Soils under Chinese Fir Stand
CHEN Jin lin, WU Chun lin, HUANG Quan neng
2002, 15(5): 588-592.
Abstract:
The phosphate buffering capacity and fertiphos requirement of red soils under Chinese fir ( Cunninghamia Lanceolata) stand in Fujian province are studied. The results obtained by the experiments of isothermal phosphate adsorption show that the red soil can adsorb large amount of phosphorus.Phosphorus could be adsorbed firmly by the soil,so it will decrease the availability.When the amount of phosphorus added in the soils is 600 mg·kg-1, the amount of phosphorus adsorbed by soils is 451.2 550.8 mg·kg-1,its rate of phosphorus adsorbed is 75.2% 91.8%.The maximum buffering capacity and the free energy of phosphate adsorption are regarded as important indexes to evaluate the phosphate buffering capacity of soils. Regression analysis revealed that the maximum buffering capacity and free energy of phosphate adsorption has close relation to chemical and physical properties of soils.They generlly have positive relation to the pH value,the amount of clay and hygroscopic water of the soil.But they have negative relation to the contents of organic matter,available phosphate and total phosphate of the soil.Results also show that the fertiphos requirement of soil can be forecasted according to the phosphate adsorption and buffering capacity. It is significant for rational application of fertiphos.
Biogeostatistics and Sampling Technique about Spatial Pattern of Chinolyda flagellicornis Diapause Larva
CHEN Hui hua, ZHANG Jian wei, YANG Sheng li
2002, 15(5): 593-598.
Abstract:
The principle and method of biogeostatistics were used to study the spatial pattern of diapause larva of Chinolyda flagellicornis in Cupressus funebris stands with different damage degrees.The results show that the diapause larva appeared obvious spatial dependence in medium damaged Cupressus funebris stand,the range is 15.77 m,the half variance function is a exponential one,while the diapause larva of Chinolyda flagellicornis in heavy damaged Cupressus funebris stand appeared pure periodic change,the period was 6.806 2. The spatial sampling technique of diapause larva population of Chinolyda flagellicornis was also studied.
Studies on the Pathogen and Pathogenesis Regularity of Root Cancer in Kiwifruit
SONG Xiao bin, ZHANG Xue wu, MA Song tao
2002, 15(5): 599-603.
Abstract:
This paper deals with isolation and cultivation of the pathogen of crown gall in kiwifruit, and studies the morphological, physiological, biochemical and serological characteristics of the pathogen. The relationship between occurrence of the disease and the ages of tree, soil, cultivars and the lever of management is investigated. The results show that the pathogen of crown gall is Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and the occurrence of the disease is severer in alkaline soil and clay than in acid soil, and severer in bad managed orchard than well managed orchard.
Application of TDS Plant Growth Regulator on Chinquapin trees
CHEN Liu ying
2002, 15(5): 604-608.
Abstract:
Fruit bearing number of chinquapin ( Castanea henryi) would be increased obviously with the treatment of spraying TDS growth regulator so1ution (3,5,7 g·L-1) before revea1ing of male inflorescence.Results of increasing fruit bearing number and seed yield with the treatment of spraying the same concentration TDS growth regulator solution one more time early before revealing of male inflorescence is better than that with the treatment of spraying TDS growth regulator only before revealing of male inflorescence.The best results increasing yield would be obtained with the treatment of spraying 5 g·L-1 TDS growth regulator solution before and early before revealing of male inflorescence.Fruit bearing number and seed yield would be raised 57.3% and 22.2% respectively.
Study on the Application of RPA in Aerial Seeding
YANG Xue jun, HAN Chong xuan, WANG Ming chun, YANG Qing e, HU Zhong lang
2002, 15(5): 609-613.
Abstract:
The seeds of Pinus tabulaeformis and Platycladus orientalis were dressed with special repellents(RPA), and the germination and growth test were conducted indoor. The results are as follows: (1) The germination rates of Pinus tabulaeformis and Platycladus orientalis seeds treated by RPA with 3 concentrations raised by 13.9% 29.8% and 24.6% 27.0%. (2) The height increment of the two tree species increased by 9.9% 19.4% and 29.4% 58.5%. (3) The stocking percentage raised by 18.5% 36.0% and 24.0% 27.5%. At the same time, the root growth was also promoted by RPA. After treatment, the root growth of the two species increased by 34.6% 50.5% and 13.9% 36.1%, respectively. Applying in aerial seeding, RPA can increase the preservation rate of seedling. The seedling amount and height are 0.5 stem/m2 and 3 5 cm while that of the CK is 0.07 stem/m2 and 2 3 cm respectively. The results of test show that RPA can increase the preservation rate, promote the root growth and lignification of seedlings and make the nursery stock over winter.
The Reason Analysis of Rodent Damage in Plantation
LIU Shao ying, RAN Jiang hong, LIN Qiang, ZHAO Ding quan
2002, 15(5): 614-619.
Abstract:
Through investigation and survey studying in Sichuan and Chongqing,it is concluded that the reasons of rodent damage to plantation are as follows (1) Lacking of foods and water, so rodents are compelled to damage the trees. (2) The habitat of rodent to be disturbed,the food become lack, rodents' foraging strategy changed and produce emergent behavior. (3) In reproducing season, because of hormone change, the rodents become more irritable, their damage to trees is a kind of reproductive behaviors or for a kind of special substances need.
Water Retaining Agent and Its Application in Forestry
LUO Zhi bin, MA Huan cheng, RAO Long bing
2002, 15(5): 620-626.
Abstract:
The history of research and production, classification, characteristics and functional mechanism of water retaining agent were elaborated, and its influence on the soil and application in forestry were reviewed. Water retaining agent was an absorbing water polymer whose multiplying power was high and property of holding water was good. Water retaining agent could raise the soil water content, restrain water evaporation in the soil and improve the structure of soil, as well as enhance the absorption of nutrient in the soil. In forestry water retaining agent was mixed with soil, seeds, roots and culture medium. Water retaining agent could advance germination of seeds, improve emergence of seedlings and survival rate of trees, promote the growth of plants, and lengthen the withering time of plants. There was a wide range of application of water retaining agent in the afforestation in drought areas.
A New pathogen to Control Pine Longhorned Beetle Monochamus alternatus
ZHANG Yong an, ZHANG Long, WANG Yu zhu, QIN Qi lian, JIANG Ping
2002, 15(5): 627-629.
Abstract:
Monochamus alternatus microsporidium is a newly discovered pathogen whose scientific name is Nosema alternatus. The pathogen has a strong pathogenicity to the longhored beetles. According to the field investigation, about 7.7% of the real pathogens for naturally dead longhorned beetles were microsporidiums. The Results of bioassey showed that the mortality of longhorned beetle larvae is 44.1%, at 25 ℃ after 20 days. The microsporidium possesses the ability of vertical dissemination and hopefully to be an effective natural organism to control the M. alternatus beetles.